Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2020, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (19): 3954-3963.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.19.009

• SPECIAL FOCUS: HIGH SOLAR AND HEAT RESOURCES EFFICIENCY OF WHEAT-MAIZE CROPPING SYSTEM • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of Pre-Silking High Temperature Stress on Yield and Ear Development Characteristics of Different Heat-Resistant Summer Maize Cultivars

GAO YingBo1(),ZHANG Hui1,SHAN Jing1,XUE YanFang1,QIAN Xin1,DAI HongCui2,LIU KaiChang2(),LI ZongXin1()   

  1. 1Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Maize/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Northern Yellow-Huai River Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan 250100
    2Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100
  • Received:2020-05-12 Accepted:2020-08-24 Online:2020-10-01 Published:2020-10-19
  • Contact: KaiChang LIU,ZongXin LI E-mail:yingboandy@163.com;liukc1971@163.com;sdaucliff@sina.com

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Abstract:

【Objective】Pre-silking high temperature is likely to cause large negative impacts on maize yield, which is one of the important factors affecting ear development. This study was aimed to clarify the influence of pre-flowering high temperature on grain yield and ear development process, which was one of great significance for the stable and high yield of maize. 【Method】In this study, heat-resistant maize varieties Zhengdan958 and heat-sensitive maize varieties Lianchuang808 at flowering stage were used as research materials in artificial intelligence greenhouse, and then the influence of different high temperature of 40/30℃ and 35/25℃ on grain yield, ear development, ultrastructure of pollen and filament and photosynthetic characteristics from V9 to silking period were investigated.【Result】High temperature stress from V9 to silking period reduced the ear length, grain number and kernel weight of different genotypes summer maize, which led to a significant decrease in yield. Compared with control (35/25℃), the row grain number of Zhengdan 958 and Lianchuang 808 under high temperature significantly decreased by 22.21% and 24.59%, respectively; The kernel number per ear decreased by 29.85% and 27.80%, respectively; The thousand kernel weight decreased by 24.04% and 17.47%, respectively; The grain yield decreased by 44.98% and 40.88%, respectively. The dry weight of tassel, dry weight of ear, ear length and net photosynthetic rate of Zhengdan958 and Lianchuang808 under high temperature stress from V9 to silking period were significantly decreased 39.42% and 15.60%, 22.50% and15.56%,48.70% and 56.48% compared with control (35/25℃), respectively. The anthesis silking interval (ASI) of Zhengdan958 and Lianchuang808 increased to 7 d and 6 d as a result of delay of silking period rather than tasseling period. High temperature stress had obvious influence on the ultrastructure of maize pollen and filament surface of two maize varieties. Under high temperature stress, the surface of the pollen grain shriveled and collapsed, net vein protuberance and collapsed germinal aperture. At the same time, the filament surface shrank horizontally, the number of filament hair significantly reduced, and almost all residual filament hair lodged on the surface of the filament, which reduced the filament area of accepting the pollen.【Conclusion】High temperature stress from V9 to silking period were more serious on yield formation, photosynthetic characteristics and ear development of Zhengdan958 than Lianchuang808. High temperature stress from V9 to silking period significantly damaged the pollen and filament morphology, inhibited the development of tassel and ear, reduced the photosynthetic capacity, and decreased the kernel number per ear and kernel weight of two maize varieties, which significantly reduced the grain yield of maize. Therefore, the selection of maize varieties in field depended on the period of high temperature stress.

Key words: summer maize, high temperature stress, ear development characteristics, grain yield, ultrastructure of pollen and filament

Fig. 1

Diurnal variation of average temperature, relative humidity and CO2 concentration changes on one day during the high temperature stress"

Table 1

Effects of pre-silking high temperature stress on grain yield, yield components and ear characters of summer maize"

品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 籽粒产量
Grain yield
(g/plant)		 千粒重
1000-kernel weight (g)		 穗粒数
Grains per ear		 穗长
Ear length
(cm)		 秃顶长
Barren tip length
(cm)		 穗行数
Rows of ear		 行粒数
Grains per row
LC808 35/25℃ 80.53a 245.18a 319.33a 16.00a 1.83b 13.33a 24.00a
40/30℃ 47.61b 202.34b 224.00b 13.50b 3.07a 12.00a 18.67b
ZD958 35/25℃ 71.72a 231.21a 297.33a 14.00a 1.00b 14.67a 20.33a
40/30℃ 39.46b 175.62b 214.67b 10.37b 1.93a 14.00a 15.33b
品种 Variety (V) ** ** ns *** ** ** ***
高温High temperature (T) *** *** *** *** ** ns ***
品种×高温V×T ns ns ns ns ns ns ns

Fig. 2

Effects of pre-silking high temperature stress on ear development of summer maize Different small letters above the bars represent significant differences of the same variety among different treatments (P<0.05). The same as below"

Table 2

Effects of pre-silking high temperature stress on anthesis-silking interval (ASI) of summer maize"

品种Variety 处理Treatment 抽雄日期Tassel(M-D) 吐丝日期Silking (M-D) 雄丝间隔ASI (d)
ZD958 35-25℃ 8-10 8-14 4
40-30℃ 8-12 8-19 7
LC808 35-25℃ 8-12 8-16 4
40-30℃ 8-12 8-18 6

Fig. 3

Effects of pre-silking high temperature stress on ultrastructure of pollen and filament of summer maize Scanning electron microscope images of pollen grains and silks under 35/25℃ and 40/30℃ treatments. a and c represent the single pollen grains of ZD958 and LC808 at 35/25℃treatment, e and g represent the single pollen grains of ZD958 and LC808 at 40/30℃ treatment, respectively (scale bar = 50 μm). b and d represent the germinal aperture of ZD958 and LC808 at 35/25℃ treatment, f and h represent the germinal aperture of ZD958 and LC808 at 40/30℃treatment, respectively (scale bar = 10 μm). i and k represent the filament of ZD958 and LC808 at 35/25℃ treatment, m and o represent the filament of ZD958 and LC808 at 40/30℃ treatment, respectively (scale bar = 500 μm). j and l represent the filaments surface of ZD958 and LC808 at 35/25℃ treatment, n and p represent the filaments surface of ZD958 and LC808 at 40/30℃ treatment, respectively (scale bar = 100 μm)"

Fig. 4

Effects of high temperature stress on photosynthetic characteristics of summer maize ear leaves during silking stage"

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