香稻分蘖期减氮侧深施液体肥对产量和氮素利用的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.08.005

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The effects of nitrogen-reduced side depth application of liquid fertilizer at tillering stage and conventional total application of solid fertilizer on nitrogen uptake and utilization, dry matter accumulation and physiological nitrogen metabolism in key growth stages of fragrant rice and its relationship with yield formation of fragrant rice were investigated, so as to provide the theoretical basis and guidance for mechanized side deep application of liquid fertilizer at tillering stage in south China fragrant rice growing region in the future.【Method】 Field experiments were conducted for two consecutive years from 2019 to 2020, two popular fragrant rice cultivars with large planting area in South China, including Yuxiangyouzhan and Xiangyaxiangzhan, were used as the test materials, and a randomized complete block design was adopted. Four treatments were set up, including no fertilization during rice growth season (T1), total fertilization of solid fertilizer (T2, total nitrogen application rate of 150 kg N·hm^-2), side depth application of liquid fertilizer with 10% nitrogen reduction at tillering stage (T3), and side depth application of liquid fertilizer with 20% nitrogen reduction at tillering stage (T4). The effects of different fertilization treatments on yield and its components, nitrogen absorption and utilization, dry matter accumulation and physiological nitrogen metabolism of fragrant rice were analyzed.【Result】 (1) In the two-year field experiments, the yield of both fragrant rice cultivars under T3 treatment was the highest, which was significantly higher than that under T1 treatment. Compared with T2 treatment, the grain yield of Yuxiangyouzhan in 2019 and 2020 under T3 treatment was increased by 1.84% and 15.20%, respectively; the grain yield of Xiangyaxiangzhan in 2019 and 2020 under T3 treatment was increased by 0.65% and 3.71%, respectively. The grain yield increment observed under T3 treatment was mainly related to the highest effective panicle. (2) In the two-year field experiments, the total dry matter accumulation, leaf area index, and total nitrogen accumulation of the two fragrant cultivars at panicle initiation stage and heading stage were generally the highest under T2 treatment, while no significant difference was observed between T3 treatment and T2 treatment. However, the total dry matter accumulation, leaf area index, and total nitrogen accumulation under T3 treatment were the highest for the two fragrant rice cultivars. Compared with T2 treatment, T3 treatment increased total dry matter accumulation, leaf area index, and total nitrogen accumulation of Yuxiangyouzhan by 25.14%, 26.57%, and 21.31% in 2019, respectively, and in 2020 the corresponding increases were 5.83%, 21.80%, and 46.47%, respectively. Compared with T2 treatment, the total dry matter accumulation, leaf area index, and total nitrogen accumulation under T3 treatment for Xiangyaxiangzhan were increased by 19.95%, 3.73%, and 13.41% in 2019, respectively, and in 2020 the corresponding increases were 21.17%, 1.78%, and 14.37%, respectively. In addition, the nitrogen recovery efficiency and nitrogen agronomic efficiency of the two fragrant rice cultivars were also the highest under T3 treatment. (3) At the panicle initiation stage and heading stage, T2 treatment showed higher in the activities of nitrogen metabolism-related enzymes in leaf of the two fragrant rice cultivars as compared with other fertilization treatments, and T3 treatment was observed with the highest activities of nitrogen metabolism-related enzymes in leaf of the two fragrant rice cultivars at maturity stage. 【Conclusion】 The two-year of field experiments showed that, compared with the total fertilization of solid fertilizer treatment, the side depth application of liquid fertilizer with 10% nitrogen reduction at tillering stage treatment could increase the yield of fragrant rice by ensuring the early growth, increasing total dry matter accumulation, leaf area index, nitrogen utilization and nitrogen metabolism-related enzymes activities during the late growth stage while reducing the application rate of nitrogen fertilizer.

Key words: fragrant rice, side deep fertilization, grain yield, liquid fertilizer, nitrogen absorption and utilization

GUI RunFei, WANG ZaiMan, PAN ShengGang, ZHANG MingHua, TANG XiangRu, MO ZhaoWen. Effects of Nitrogen-Reducing Side Deep Application of Liquid Fertilizer at Tillering Stage on Yield and Nitrogen Utilization of Fragrant Rice[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(8): 1529-1545.

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年份 Year	月份 Month	平均气温 Average air temperature (℃)	最高温度 Maximum temperature (℃)	最低温度 Minimum temperature (℃)	降水量 Precipitation (mm)	日照时数 Sunshine hours (h)	相对湿度 Relative humidity (%)
2019	7月 July	28.7	38.0	23.8	479.9	136.1	84.3
	8月 August	28.3	37.2	23.5	104.6	186.4	85.9
	9月 September	26.7	36.4	17.8	39.5	258.3	79.1
	10月 October	24.1	35.2	15.3	0	222.1	78.0
	11月 November	19.5	31.0	11.4	5.6	269.5	71.8
2020	7月 July	30.3	37.9	25.1	67.5	207.1	74.1
	8月 August	28.4	36.8	23.9	226.5	187.8	82.5
	9月 September	27.0	36.8	22.0	345.0	119.5	88.0
	10月 October	23.4	33.4	17.3	12.2	160.3	74.6
	11月 November	21.2	30.7	11.9	4.4	195.8	72.6

施肥处理 Fertilization treatment	肥料类型 Fertilizer type		总施氮量 Total N (kg·hm^-2)	基肥施氮量 Basal N (kg·hm^-2)	基肥施肥方式 Base fertilizer application method	蘖肥施氮量 Tillering N (kg·hm^-2)	蘖肥施肥方式 Tiller fertilizer application method
T1	—		—	—	—	—	—
T2	固体肥 Solid fertilizer		150	90	撒施 Broadcasting	60	撒施 Broadcasting
T3	液体肥 Liquid fertilizer	135		90	撒施 Broadcasting	45	侧深施 Side deep application
T4	液体肥 Liquid fertilizer	120		90	撒施 Broadcasting	30	侧深施 Side deep application

年份 Year	品种 Cultivar	施肥处理 Fertilization treatment	有效穗数 Effective panicle (×10⁴·hm^-2)	每穗粒数 Spikelets per panicle	结实率 Grain filling percentage (%)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	实际产量 Yield (t·hm^-2)
2019	玉香油占 Yuxiangyouzhan	T1	254.15±16.28b	169.77±2.23c	72.88±1.07b	20.37±0.24a	6.36±0.59c
		T2	305.39±15.35a	181.72±5.71b	79.86±1.32a	19.79±0.49a	8.42±0.41b
		T3	336.47±17.89a	177.13±1.84b	80.69±2.20a	20.27±0.20a	9.70±0.70a
		T4	300.76±26.55a	194.16±4.91a	79.98±2.01a	20.33±0.16a	9.31±0.87ab
	象牙香占 Xiangyaxiangzhan	T1	247.89±10.42b	169.71±4.33a	81.40±1.49a	19.00±0.26ab	6.48±0.50b
		T2	309.00±8.50a	169.73±3.16a	82.93±1.10a	19.16±0.06ab	8.09±0.30a
		T3	323.42±6.57a	163.01±7.73a	84.90±1.83a	18.82±0.26b	8.39±0.14a
		T4	298.01±12.56a	170.50±2.51a	82.77±1.45a	19.35±0.05a	8.11±0.24a
2020	玉香油占 Yuxiangyouzhan	T1	199.85±25.91b	196.04±9.25a	74.47±0.89b	21.65±0.45a	6.22±0.18b
		T2	234.80±9.17ab	217.84±7.20a	79.20±1.57a	20.74±0.31a	8.15±0.38a
		T3	272.22±21.81a	189.87±19.21a	78.93±1.30a	21.08±0.98a	8.30±0.10a
		T4	256.08±25.85a	187.09±13.22a	75.63±1.42b	21.13±0.52a	7.39±0.74ab
	象牙香占 Xiangyaxiangzhan	T1	200.18±5.43b	160.27±2.96b	72.46±0.23c	19.27±0.27a	4.87±0.24c
		T2	258.28±6.23a	181.87±8.26a	80.66±1.08a	20.19±0.64a	7.73±0.42a
		T3	261.22±10.85a	195.77±7.41a	78.50±1.21ab	20.01±0.25a	7.78±0.31a
		T4	220.13±16.13b	177.87±4.59ab	76.83±1.36b	20.47±0.27a	6.04±0.59b
F值 F value	Y		*	ns	*	ns	ns
	F		**	ns	**	ns	**
	C		ns	**	ns	**	**
	Y×F		ns	**	ns	ns	ns
	Y×C		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
	C×F		ns	*	ns	ns	ns
	Y×C×F		ns	ns	*	ns	ns

年份 Year	品种 Cultivar	施肥处理 Fertilization treatment	幼穗分化期 PI (t·hm^-2)	抽穗期 HS (t·hm^-2)	成熟期 MS (t·hm^-2)
2019	玉香油占 Yuxiangyouzhan	T1	2.05±0.30b	8.40±0.38b	8.47±1.01b
		T2	5.54±1.63ab	8.55±1.46b	12.61±0.91ab
		T3	6.97±1.62a	12.99±0.60a	15.78±1.99a
		T4	5.37±0.69ab	9.42±0.97b	14.01±2.48a
	象牙香占 Xiangyaxiangzhan	T1	2.42±0.46b	6.68±0.50a	7.01±0.72b
		T2	5.84±0.44a	8.24±1.53a	11.28±0.72a
		T3	5.40±0.97a	8.18±1.26a	13.53±1.61a
		T4	3.74±0.10b	7.30±1.19a	11.45±0.85a
2020	玉香油占 Yuxiangyouzhan	T1	4.25±0.22b	5.85±0.63c	9.04±0.79b
		T2	7.02±0.82a	9.71±0.71a	12.01±0.82a
		T3	5.87±0.45ab	8.51±0.26ab	12.71±0.95a
		T4	6.67±1.13ab	7.91±0.18b	11.62±0.73ab
	象牙香占 Xiangyaxiangzhan	T1	4.65±0.16b	6.64±0.55b	8.63±0.57c
		T2	6.33±0.53a	8.91±0.27a	11.29±0.78ab
		T3	6.29±0.57a	7.96±0.30ab	13.68±0.86a
		T4	5.95±0.15ab	6.95±0.92ab	10.74±0.65b
F值 F value	Y		*	ns	ns
	F		**	**	**
	C		ns	ns	ns
	Y×F		ns	*	ns
	Y×C		ns	ns	ns
	C×F		ns	ns	ns
	Y×C×F		ns	ns	ns

年份 Year	品种 Cultivar	施肥处理 Fertilization treatment	幼穗分化期 PI	抽穗期 HS	成熟期 MS
2019	玉香油占 Yuxiangyouzhan	T1	1.85±0.14b	3.87±0.26c	1.81±0.26c
		T2	4.96±0.32a	5.26±0.44b	4.29±0.26b
		T3	4.35±0.21a	6.35±0.37a	5.43±0.23a
		T4	4.23±0.35a	5.32±0.33b	4.43±0.34b
	象牙香占 Xiangyaxiangzhan	T1	1.50±0.35c	4.22±0.34c	1.53±0.23b
		T2	4.80±0.27a	5.57±0.31a	4.02±0.35a
		T3	3.52±0.30b	5.33±0.27ab	4.17±0.26a
		T4	3.37±0.27b	4.59±0.32bc	4.11±0.21a
2020	玉香油占 Yuxiangyouzhan	T1	2.24±0.21c	3.26±0.25c	1.99±0.06c
		T2	5.32±0.22a	6.17±0.24a	4.45±0.24b
		T3	4.40±0.24b	5.72±0.24ab	5.42±0.19a
		T4	4.78±0.22ab	5.31±0.19b	4.51±0.24b
	象牙香占 Xiangyaxiangzhan	T1	1.77±0.13c	3.58±0.21c	1.85±0.25c
		T2	5.34±0.14a	6.24±0.14a	4.49±0.19a
		T3	4.25±0.17b	5.65±0.18a	4.57±0.20a
		T4	3.88±0.16b	4.45±0.29b	4.04±0.23b
F值 F value	Y		*	ns	ns
	F		**	**	**
	C		**	*	**
	Y×F		ns	*	ns
	Y×C		ns	ns	ns
	C×F		ns	*	*
	Y×C×F		ns	ns	ns

Effects of Nitrogen-Reducing Side Deep Application of Liquid Fertilizer at Tillering Stage on Yield and Nitrogen Utilization of Fragrant Rice

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年份 Year	品种 Cultivar	施肥处理 Fertilization treatment	幼穗分化期PI (kg·hm^-2)	抽穗期HS (kg·hm^-2)	成熟期MS (kg·hm^-2)
2019	玉香油占 Yuxiangyouzhan	T1	16.00±2.02d	38.78±2.51d	62.02±3.23c
		T2	70.94±1.23a	92.97±1.38b	103.69±1.43b
		T3	65.68±1.49b	101.61±1.61a	125.79±2.66a
		T4	44.50±2.65c	69.63±0.74c	112.83±2.92b
	象牙香占 Xiangyaxiangzhan	T1	23.11±0.59c	36.52±1.06d	60.41±2.16c
		T2	70.06±2.20a	87.05±2.24a	106.99±2.57b
		T3	67.72±4.47a	79.26±1.36b	121.34±1.83a
		T4	44.64±1.09b	69.81±1.67c	108.39±3.52b
2020	玉香油占 Yuxiangyouzhan	T1	32.97±0.46c	43.59±1.14d	71.31±0.37d
		T2	72.45±1.61a	84.26±1.22a	111.82±1.44c
		T3	65.85±1.10b	70.20±2.11c	163.78±0.17a
		T4	71.66±2.28a	81.88±1.81b	151.38±0.06b
	象牙香占 Xiangyaxiangzhan	T1	31.70±1.16c	42.02±0.94d	55.60±0.07d
		T2	76.60±0.97a	86.09±0.79a	93.85±1.51b
		T3	70.59±3.10a	80.62±1.30b	107.34±0.56a
		T4	56.01±1.62b	69.76±1.40c	82.86±1.04c
F值 F value	Y		*	ns	ns
	F		**	**	**
	C		ns	*	**
	Y×F		ns	*	ns
	Y×C		ns	ns	**
	C×F		ns	*	ns
	Y×C×F		ns	*	ns

年份 Year	品种 Cultivar	施肥处理 Fertilization treatment	氮素籽粒生产效率 NGPE (kg·kg^-1)	氮收获指数 NHI (%)	氮素吸收利用率 NRE(%)	氮素农学利用率 NAE (kg·kg^-1)
2019	玉香油占 Yuxiangyouzhan	T1	104.51±7.02a	38.18±2.60b	—	—
		T2	76.84±5.56b	44.28±1.38b	33.54±5.36b	10.15±3.63b
		T3	77.59±3.63b	48.30±1.71a	47.48±8.41a	21.91±5.62a
		T4	88.52±9.23ab	49.88±1.17a	34.28±5.01b	20.67±4.60a
	象牙香占 Xiangyaxiangzhan	T1	96.57±10.33a	28.34±2.35b	—	—
		T2	76.16±6.19b	36.87±2.47a	32.16±3.61b	9.41±0.55b
		T3	70.13±5.97b	35.66±0.58a	45.18±4.64a	13.58±2.07a
		T4	76.54±4.69b	34.06±0.97a	38.36±6.13a	12.19±1.49a
2020	玉香油占 Yuxiangyouzhan	T1	88.49±10.02a	41.19±1.81a	—	—
		T2	75.68±5.65a	36.70±1.76ab	26.34±2.95b	11.63±1.60a
		T3	53.34±3.07b	31.48±2.41b	68.75±5.00a	13.97±2.68a
		T4	49.03±5.14b	31.04±2.45b	64.48±4.82a	10.88±1.50a
	象牙香占 Xiangyaxiangzhan	T1	86.01±4.91a	43.11±0.84a	—	—
		T2	82.96±6.59ab	35.62±1.08ab	25.75±4.33b	18.50±1.99a
		T3	73.31±5.46b	34.68±0.95b	38.78±4.45a	20.16±1.10a
		T4	72.64±6.58b	31.99±1.87b	22.26±1.84b	10.67±2.82b
F值 F value	Y		ns	*	ns	ns
	F		*	ns	**	**
	C		ns	*	**	ns
	Y×F		*	*	ns	ns
	Y×C		ns	*	*	*
	C×F		*	ns	*	ns
	Y×C×F		*	ns	*	ns

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