有效积温与不同供氮水平夏玉米干物质和氮素积累定量化研究

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.15.009

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】This paper explored the dynamic prediction model and characteristic parameters of dry matter and nitrogen accumulation in summer maize with different nitrogen supply levels based on effective accumulated temperature, in order to provide a theoretical basis for using effective accumulated temperature to predict summer maize dry matter and nitrogen accumulation.【Method】This study was based on a two-year field experiment in Langfang, Hebei Province (2019-2020), using Zhengdan 958 as the test material, and using the normalization method to fit the dry matter and nitrogen accumulation of summer maize with different nitrogen supply levels through model screening. Based on the normalized Gompertz model of effective accumulated temperature after sowing, and using the growth rate curve and its characteristic parameters, the dry matter and nitrogen accumulation characteristics of summer maize were quantitatively analyzed.【Result】(1) Under the experimental conditions, when the amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer was appropriate, the maximum dry matter and nitrogen accumulation of summer maize continued to increase with the increase of nitrogen application rate. (2) The normalized Gompertz model of summer maize dry matter and nitrogen accumulation established with effective accumulated temperature as the independent variable had the good biological significance. The coefficients of determination of the equation were 0.9962-0.9988 and 0.9887-0.9922, respectively. Using the second-year data for model verification, the correlation coefficients of the simulated and measured values were 0.9933-0.9959 and 0.9830-0.9923, and the standardized root mean square errors were 6.64%-16.86% and 7.31%-12.68%, respectively. The prediction effect was good. (3) The growth rate of dry matter and nitrogen accumulation of summer maize at different nitrogen supply levels all showed a “single peak curve”, and its change was closely related to the nitrogen supply level. The performance between treatments was: under the condition of moderate fertilization, the growth rate curve had the characteristics of fast rising and falling, and the growth rate curve of weight loss treatment had the characteristics of slow rising and falling. (4) The effective accumulated temperature ranges of dry matter and nitrogen accumulation during the rapid increase period of summer maize after sowing were 709.35-1 722.54 and 482.50-1 507.61 ℃·d, respectively, and the effective accumulated temperature required for the maximum rate showed that nitrogen accumulation (995.05 ℃·d) was less than dry matter accumulation (1 215.94 ℃·d). Nitrogen supply level obviously affected the accumulation of dry matter and nitrogen in summer maize to enter the accumulation temperature required for the rapid increase period, the accumulated temperature required for the slow increase period, the accumulated temperature required for the maximum increase rate, the maximum increase rate, and the average increase rate during the rapid increase period. Compared with nitrogen fertilizer treatment, the effective accumulated temperature required for summer maize to enter each critical period was significantly reduced, and the growth rate during the critical period increased significantly.【Conclusion】The normalized Gompertz model could not only simulate and predict the dynamic changes of summer maize dry matter and nitrogen accumulation with effective accumulated temperature with different nitrogen supply levels, but also clarify the quantitative relationship between effective accumulated temperature and dry matter and nitrogen accumulation. The Gompertz model based on effective accumulated temperature could be used to predict crop growth and optimal fertilization period, and had strong application value..

Key words: effective accumulated temperature, nitrogen supply level, summer maize, dry matter accumulation, nitrogen accumulation, quantification

CHEN Yang,XU MengZe,WANG YuHong,BAI YouLu,LU YanLi,WANG Lei. Quantitative Study on Effective Accumulated Temperature and Dry Matter and Nitrogen Accumulation of Summer Maize Under Different Nitrogen Supply Levels[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(15): 2973-2987.

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编号Number	方程Equation	公式Formula	参数个数Number of parameters
1	MMF方程 MMF equation	y=(ab+cx^d)/(b+x^d)	4
2	Gompertz方程 Gompertz equation	y=ae^-exp(^b-cx⁾	3
3	Richards方程 Richards equation	y=a/(1+e^b-cx)^1/^d	4
4	余弦函数 Cosine function	y=a+b×cos(cx+d)	4
5	有理方程 Rational equation	y=(a+bx)/(1+cx+dx²)	4
6	三次方程 Cubic equation	y=a+bx+cx²+dx³	4

处理 Treatment	最大干物质积累量 Maximum dry matter accumulation (kg·hm^-2)		最大氮素积累量 Maximum nitrogen accumulation (kg·hm^-2)
处理 Treatment	2019	2020	2019	2020
N0	26862.31±1634.69b	24111.16±1880.32b	264.87±29.92b	201.84±17.84b
N1	29271.52±1806.12ab	28996.05±340.83a	314.32±26.66ab	273.14±23.92a
N2	30714.31±580.10a	30089.04±1831.44a	342.93±5.98a	280.08±23.28a
N3	30936.35±1896.94a	29624.14±313.14a	343.09±23.74a	292.98±30.90a
平均 Average	29446.12	28205.1	316.3	262.01

编号 Number	模型 Simulation model	参数 Parameter				标准差 SD	决定系数 R²
编号 Number	模型 Simulation model	a	b	c	d	标准差 SD	决定系数 R²
1	y=(ab+cx^d)/(b+x^d)	-0.0055	0.4904	1.5119	3.5484	0.0095	0.9996
2	y=ae^-exp(^b-cx⁾	1.4484	2.3009	3.3307		0.0098	0.9996
3	y=a/(1+e^b-cx)^1/^d	1.3829	0.1135	3.6825	0.0884	0.0101	0.9996
4	y=a+b×cos(cx+d)	0.6370	0.6553	2.6040	2.7469	0.0148	0.9992
5	y=(a+bx)/(1+cx+dx²)	-0.0524	0.2708	-1.7309	0.9534	0.0163	0.9990
6	y=a+bx+cx²+dx³	0.0334	-0.8299	3.1237	-1.2881	0.0181	0.9987

编号 Number	模型 Simulation model	参数 Parameter				标准差 SD	决定系数 R²
编号 Number	模型 Simulation model	a	b	c	d	标准差 SD	决定系数 R²
1	y=(ab+cx^d)/(b+x^d)	-0.0453	0.7468	1.6946	2.1874	0.0300	0.9959
2	y=a+bx+cx²+dx³	-0.0350	-0.1294	2.4306	-1.3177	0.0320	0.9953
3	y=a+b×cos(cx+d)	0.4984	0.5434	2.5225	3.1609	0.0329	0.9951
4	y=ae^-exp(^b-cx⁾	1.1717	1.8794	3.3462		0.0341	0.9945
5	y=a/(1+e^b-cx)^1/^d	1.1435	-0.6146	3.5800	0.0715	0.0357	0.9942
6	y=(a+bx)/(1+cx+dx²)	-0.0949	0.6130	-1.0822	0.6260	0.0377	0.9935

指标 Indicator	处理 Treatment	参数Parameter			标准差 SD	相关系数 R²
指标 Indicator	处理 Treatment	a	b	c	标准差 SD	相关系数 R²
相对干物质积累量 Relative dry matter accumulation	N0	1.53	2.32	3.22	0.0268	0.9969**
	N1	1.39	2.40	3.52	0.0298	0.9962**
	N2	1.36	2.26	3.48	0.0174	0.9988**
	N3	1.54	2.26	3.19	0.0253	0.9975**
相对氮素积累量 Relative nitrogen accumulation	N0	1.32	1.84	2.99	0.0481	0.9887**
	N1	1.22	1.86	3.22	0.0460	0.9893**
	N2	1.05	2.01	4.01	0.0412	0.9922**
	N3	1.26	1.82	3.29	0.0451	0.9907**

Quantitative Study on Effective Accumulated Temperature and Dry Matter and Nitrogen Accumulation of Summer Maize Under Different Nitrogen Supply Levels

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指标 Indicator	处理 Treatment	相关系数 r	均方根误差 RMSE	标准化均方根误差 nRMSE（%）
相对干物质积累量 Relative dry matter accumulation	N0	0.9958	0.0535	12.00
	N1	0.9933	0.0751	16.86
	N2	0.9959	0.0296	6.64
	N3	0.9944	0.0482	10.82
相对氮素积累量 Relative nitrogen accumulation	N0	0.9882	0.0529	10.58
	N1	0.9888	0.0564	11.19
	N2	0.9923	0.0384	7.31
	N3	0.9830	0.0644	12.68

指标 Indicator	处理 Treatment	速率峰值参数 Rate peak parameter				快增期参数 Rapid increase period parameters
		最大速率V₁ （kg·hm^-2·(℃·d)^-1）		最大速率所需有效积温 T₁(℃·d)		进入快增期有效积温 T₂(℃·d)		进入缓增期有效积温 T₃(℃·d)		快增期平均增长速率 V₂(kg·hm^-2·(℃·d)^-1)
		相对值	实际值	相对值	实际值	相对值	实际值	相对值	实际值	相对值	实际值
干物质积累量 Dry matter accumulation	N0	1.8112	27.64c	0.7229	1269.82a	0.4234	743.71a	1.0225	1795.94a	1.5597	23.80c
	N1	1.8014	29.95b	0.6821	1198.17ab	0.4084	717.40a	0.9559	1678.94ab	1.5512	25.79b
	N2	1.7350	30.33ab	0.6509	1143.27b	0.3745	657.75b	0.9273	1628.79b	1.4940	26.12ab
	N3	1.8027	31.66a	0.7131	1252.50a	0.4091	718.52a	1.0171	1786.49ab	1.5523	27.26a
平均Average		1.7876	29.90	0.6923	1215.94	0.4038	709.35	0.9807	1722.54	1.5393	25.74
氮素积累量 Nitrogen accumulation	N0	1.4512	0.2129c	0.6152	1101.93a	0.2934	521.40a	0.9369	1682.47a	1.2496	0.1833c
	N1	1.4459	0.2561b	0.5788	1021.59ab	0.2801	492.50a	0.8775	1550.68ab	1.2451	0.2205b
	N2	1.5470	0.2999a	0.5007	884.90b	0.2610	458.53a	0.7405	1311.27b	1.3321	0.2583a
	N3	1.5269	0.2988a	0.5530	971.79ab	0.2603	457.57a	0.8456	1486.01ab	1.3148	0.2573a
平均Average		1.4927	0.2669	0.5619	995.05	0.2737	482.50	0.8501	1507.61	1.2854	0.2299

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