北方麦区小麦产量与籽粒氮磷钾含量对监控施钾和土壤速效钾的响应

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.16.008

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】It is of great importance to clarify the relationships of changes in wheat grain yield and grain nutrients absorption and distribution to test-integrated potassium (K) fertilizer application and soil available K, for the purpose of high yield, high quality, green production of wheat and saving K resources in northern wheat production region of China. 【Method】In this research, a 43-site field experiment was conducted in northern wheat region of China from 2018 to 2020, to investigate effects of test-integrated K application on grain yield, yield components, grain nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and K concentrations, and nutrients uptake and absorption of wheat at different soil available K levels. 【Result】The insufficient and excessive K application occurred widely in northern wheat production region. With the increase of soil available K level, the wheat yield increased significantly and reached the maximum value of 6 340 kg·hm^-2 at the available K of 150-180 mg·kg^-1. Excessive soil available K was not able to further increase the grain yield, and it significantly decreased to 5 409 kg·hm^-2 when soil available K was higher than 180 mg·kg^-1. Compared with the farmers’ fertilizer application rate (FF), the recommended K fertilizer rate (RF) by the test-integrated fertilizer application was decreased at the soil available K level of 150-180 mg·kg^-1, and increased at the other levels. The RF was found to have increased the wheat yield in comparison to FF with the yield increase significant at soil available K lower than 90 mg·kg^-1and higher than 180 mg·kg^-1. When the soil available P was higher than 30 mg·kg^-1 and the soil available K was at 120-150 mg·kg^-1or higher than 180 mg·kg^-1, the wheat yield of no K application (RF-K) showed a tendency to decrease in comparison to RF. With the increase of soil available K level, wheat grain N concentration increased significantly, but no significant difference was observed in the grain N, P, and K concentrations between FF and RF. Compared with RF, the grain N, P, and K concentrations under RF-K significantly decreased when the soil available K was higher than 180 mg·kg^-1. When the soil available K was higher than 180 mg·kg^-1, the K partial factor productivity and K fertilizer uptake efficiency under RF were significantly higher than those under FF. 【Conclusion】The reasonable fertilization could get high wheat yield when the soil available K was at 150-180 mg·kg^-1, but the wheat yield might be reduced without K fertilization when the soil available P was higher than 30 mg·kg^-1. Therefore, the K fertilizer rate should be recommended based on the target wheat yield and soil available P and K levels, for the purpose of yield stabilization, quality improvement, and efficiency increase in the northern wheat production regions of China.

Key words: soil available K, wheat, grain yield, grain N, P and K concentrations, test-integrated K application

MA Yue,TIAN Yi,MU WenYan,ZHANG XueMei,ZHANG LuLu,YU Jie,LI YongHua,WANG HaoLin,HE Gang,SHI Mei,WANG ZhaoHui,QIU WeiHong. Response of Wheat Yield and Grain Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Concentrations to Test-Integrated Potassium Application and Soil Available Potassium in Northern Wheat Production Regions of China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(16): 3155-3169.

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Figures/Tables 8

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Table 1

Fig. 3

Table 2

N, P and K uptake in aboveground part, and grain N, P and K harvest index of wheat at different soil available K levels in northern wheat production region of China"

速效钾Available K (mg·kg^-1)	地上部吸氮量 N uptake in aboveground part (kg·hm^-2)				地上部吸磷量 P uptake in aboveground part (kg·hm^-2)				地上部吸钾量 K uptake in aboveground part (kg·hm^-2)
速效钾Available K (mg·kg^-1)	农户施肥FF	监控施肥RF	监控无钾RF-K	平均Average	农户施肥FF	监控施肥RF	监控无钾RF-K	平均Average	农户施肥FF	监控施肥RF	监控无钾RF-K	平均Average
<90	164 a	164 a	160 a	163 B	24.6 b	27.4 a	25.2 ab	25.7 A	101 a	103 a	97 a	100 D
90-120	179 a	179 a	171 a	177 A	25.5 ab	26.5 a	24.5 b	25.5 A	123 ab	125 a	114 b	120 C
120-150	176 ab	185 a	167 b	176 A	25.4 ab	26.3 a	24.2 b	25.3 A	143 ab	147 a	135 b	142 A
150-180	181 a	181 a	176 a	179 A	23.2 a	24.8 a	23.1 a	23.7 B	132 a	137 a	130 a	133 B
>180	163 a	165 a	156 a	161 B	23.0 b	24.6 a	21.5 c	23.1 B	131 ab	136 a	123 b	130 BC
平均Average	173 a	175 a	166 b		24.4 b	25.8 a	23.5 c		129 a	132 a	122 b
速效钾 Available K (mg·kg^-1)	氮收获指数 N harvest index (%)				磷收获指数 P harvest index (%)				钾收获指数 K harvest index (%)
速效钾 Available K (mg·kg^-1)	农户施肥FF	监控施肥RF	监控无钾RF-K	平均Average	农户施肥FF	监控施肥RF	监控无钾RF-K	平均Average	农户施肥FF	监控施肥RF	监控无钾RF-K	平均Average
<90	77.9 a	79.7 a	81.2 a	79.6 B	83.4 a	83.6 a	85.4 a	84.2 BC	25.2 a	24.0 a	24.7 a	24.7 A
90-120	74.0 a	73.9 a	74.9 a	74.3 E	81.1 a	81.5 a	82.2 a	81.6 D	20.3 a	20.4 a	21.8 a	20.8 B
120-150	77.5 ab	75.5 b	78.2 a	77.1 C	85.1 a	83.1 b	85.3 a	84.5 B	18.7 a	18.1 a	18.7 a	18.5 C
150-180	80.9 a	80.1 a	81.0 a	80.6 A	88.6 a	87.3 a	88.5 a	88.1 A	20.8 a	20.2 a	20.4 a	20.5 B
>180	76.0 a	75.6 a	76.9 a	76.2 D	82.3 a	81.9 a	83.2 a	82.5 CD	17.3 a	16.9 a	17.7 a	17.3 D
平均Average	76.8 ab	76.3 b	77.8 a		83.7 ab	83.1 b	84.5 a		19.8 a	19.3 ab	20.1 b

Table 2

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

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速效钾Available K (mg·kg^-1)	穗数Spike number (×10⁴·hm^-2)				穗粒数Grain per spike				千粒重1000 grain weight (g)
速效钾Available K (mg·kg^-1)	农户施肥FF	监控施肥RF	监控无钾RF-K	平均Average	农户施肥FF	监控施肥RF	监控无钾RF-K	平均Average	农户施肥FF	监控施肥RF	监控无钾RF-K	平均Average
<90	451 b	538 a	517 ab	502 B	29 a	27 ab	27 b	28 BC	43.9 b	45.4 ab	45.7 a	45.0 A
90-120	475 a	481 a	468 a	475 B	29 a	29 a	29 a	29 AB	43.0 a	43.4 a	43.2 a	43.2 B
120-150	527 ab	549 a	501 b	525 A	30 a	30 a	30 a	30 A	39.3 ab	38.5 b	39.8 a	39.2 D
150-180	535 a	582 a	540 a	552 A	28 a	27 a	28 a	28 C	41.3 a	40.7 a	41.2 a	41.1 C
>180	469 ab	503 a	447 b	473 B	28 a	27 a	29 a	28 C	41.0 a	41.1 a	40.7 a	40.9 C
平均Average	492 b	524 a	487 b		29 a	28 a	29 a		41.5 a	41.5 a	41.8 a

Response of Wheat Yield and Grain Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Concentrations to Test-Integrated Potassium Application and Soil Available Potassium in Northern Wheat Production Regions of China

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