乙矮合剂对不同施氮量夏玉米根系形态构建和产量的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.24.003

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 Root is an important organ for maize to obtain water and nutrients, and a developed root structure is the key to maximum maize yield potential, which is currently an important issue to be solved in maize cultivation research. Ethylene- chlormequat-potassium and nitrogen application can affect the development of the maize root system. The aim of this study was clarify the effects of ethylene-chlormequat-potassium on the construction of summer maize root morphology and yield under different nitrogen application rates, so as to provide the theoretical and technical basis for the improvement of high yield and efficient cultivation management and rational fertilization of maize. 【Method】In 2019 and 2020, the field experiments were carried out in Daliudian village, Yanjiao town, Langfang city, Hebei province, and Shunyi Experimental Base, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shunyi district, Beijing, respectively, using maize single cross Yudan 9953 as experimental material. A split-zone experimental design was used, with the ethylene-chlormequat-potassium treatment (ECK) and the clear water control (CK) as the main zones, and the six nitrogen levels of 0 (N0), 96 (N96), 132 (N132), 168 (N168), 204 (N204) and 240 kg·hm^-2 (N240) as the secondary zones, aiming to analyze the effects of ECK on root morphology and yield of summer maize at different nitrogen application rates. 【Result】The nitrogen application significantly increased root dry weight, number of aerial roots, root length, root surface area and root volume. Compared with no nitrogen application, root dry weight, the number of aerial roots, root length, root surface area and root volume increased by 15.0%-25.2%, 31.7%-71.7%, 15.5%-30.8%, 19.0%-40.9% and 28.8%-54.0% on average with different nitrogen application rates, respectively. Compared with CK, ECK treatment increased root dry weight, number of root layers, number of roots in 1 to 2 layers and the number of aerial roots in summer maize with different nitrogen application rates by 10.4%-17.0%, 5.8%-12.6%, 10.8%-33.9% and 12.5%-79.6%, respectively; On the construction of root morphology, compared with CK, ECK treatment significantly increased the total root length, root surface area and root volume of summer maize with different nitrogen application rates by 7.5%-21.0%, 8.4%-29.3% and 14.3%-38.8%, respectively, and the root length with root diameter > 1.0 mm was significantly increased at medium and high nitrogen levels (N≥N204). Compared with CK, ECK treatment had no significant effect on summer maize yield per unit area in 2019 and 2020 under N0-N168, but significantly increased summer maize yield in 2019 and 2020 under N204 and N240, which increased by an average of 6.3% with N204 and 3.2% with N240. Correlation analysis showed that kernel number, 1000-kernel weight, root length, root surface area and root volume were positively correlated with summer maize yield, and the correlation coefficient between yield and root length was the highest. 【Conclusion】ECK and nitrogen could synergistically promote maize root development and increase summer maize yield under high nitrogen conditions. In the current study, spraying ECK at the V6 growth stage combined with 204 kg·hm^-2 N fertilizer was a suitable cultivation technique and N fertilizer management practice for high-yielding summer maize in the Beijing-Tianjin area.

Key words: ethylene-chlormequat-potassium, nitrogen, summer maize, root morphology construction, Beijing-Tianjin area

FANG MengYing, LU Lin, WANG QingYan, DONG XueRui, YAN Peng, DONG ZhiQiang. Effects of Ethylene-Chlormequat-Potassium on Root Morphological Construction and Yield of Summer Maize with Different Nitrogen Application Rates[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(24): 4808-4822.

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URL: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/EN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.24.003

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Figures/Tables 10

Fig. 1

Table 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Table 2

Table 3

Effect of Ethylene-chlormequat-potassium on root morphology and configuration in summer maize with different nitrogen application rates at flowering stage"

年份 Year	施氮量 Nitrogen rate (kg?hm^-2)	处理 Treatment	根长 Root length (cm/plant)	根表面积 Root surface area (cm²/plant)	根体积 Root volume (cm³/plant)	根长 Root length (cm)
年份 Year	施氮量 Nitrogen rate (kg?hm^-2)	处理 Treatment	根长 Root length (cm/plant)	根表面积 Root surface area (cm²/plant)	根体积 Root volume (cm³/plant)	0 < D ≤ 0.5 mm	0.5 <D ≤1.0 mm	1.0 <D≤ 2.0 mm	D >2.0 mm
2019	N0	CK	2552.4de	463.2ef	8.0de	1779.0de	301.4c	303.3de	180.6ef
	N0	ECK	2257.3e	387.5f	6.3e	1576.0e	228.8d	298.4de	128.7f
	N96	CK	2745.2d	531.8de	9.5d	2118.5cd	343.7bc	298.7de	184.2ef
	N96	ECK	3535.1ab	706.2b	13.9b	2388.2abc	371.2ab	409.1a	283.5ab
	N132	CK	2751.0d	530.8de	9.8d	2097.8cd	354.1bc	322.9de	202.9de
	N132	ECK	3657.1ab	703.4b	12.5b	2740.8ab	424.3a	390.5ab	261.1bc
	N168	CK	2547.3de	450.6ef	8.0de	1962.5cde	324.4bc	287.0e	175.8ef
	N168	ECK	3338.0abc	649.8bc	13.2b	2195.1cd	333.4bc	348.9bcd	241.9bcd
	N204	CK	3255.3bc	603.1cd	10.0cd	2346.9bc	344.2bc	331.9cde	211.2cde
	N204	ECK	3717.2a	789.3a	14.2b	2789.6a	420.5a	416.5a	271.6ab
	N240	CK	2919.0cd	669.5bc	12.1bc	2220.8cd	329.7bc	326.6cde	264.7abc
	N240	ECK	3791.2a	861.5a	17.3a	2687.1ab	369.8ab	379.5abc	317.8a
2020	N0	CK	4162.9d	712.8g	10.9de	3258.8c	441.4d	333.1d	253.4d
	N0	ECK	4979.4c	965.8cd	15.6c	3564.9bc	521.9cd	407.2abc	362.4bc
	N96	CK	5206.8c	987.2cd	15.6c	3767.6bc	561.4bcd	375.8cd	364.4bc
	N96	ECK	5002.1c	999.7cd	16.5bc	3621.1bc	521.3cd	401.5bc	380.1ab
	N132	CK	4710.2c	757.9fg	11.8de	3466.1bc	451.6cd	372.9cd	291.8cd
	N132	ECK	6233.0ab	1257.3a	20.0a	4792.2a	707.9a	453.3ab	452.4a
	N168	CK	5064.9c	875.2de	13.8cd	3685.9bc	511.0cd	368.0cd	330.0bcd
	N168	ECK	5266.0c	995.0c	16.1bc	4068.9b	525.9bcd	444.8ab	345.2bc
	N204	CK	4915.6c	805.8efg	9.9e	3393.6bc	507.9cd	355.7cd	260.0d
	N204	ECK	6024.5b	1130.3b	19.5ab	4866.8a	573.4bc	445.1ab	444.2a
	N240	CK	5144.8c	835.0ef	13.1cde	3605.1bc	563.5bc	410.7abc	330.7bcd
	N240	ECK	6607.0a	1224.6ab	20.4a	4799.9a	641.3ab	469.9a	453.7a
F-value		年份Year	1051.7***	666.5***	96.0***	518.2***	264.0***	58.2***	206.3***
		施氮量Nitrogen application	23.5***	29.9***	12.9***	12.0***	7.5***	5.2***	11.2***
		乙矮合剂ECK	108.5***	226.4***	116.8***	52.9***	17.0***	67.1***	69.0***

Table 3

Table 4

Effect of ethylene-chlormequat-potassium on root morphology and configuration in summer maize with different nitrogen application rates at harvesting stage"

年份 Year	施氮量 Nitrogen rate (kg·hm^-2)	处理 Treatment	根长 Root length (cm/plant)	根表面积 Root Surface area (cm²/plant)	根体积 Root volume (cm³/plant)	根长 Root length (cm)
年份 Year	施氮量 Nitrogen rate (kg·hm^-2)	处理 Treatment	根长 Root length (cm/plant)	根表面积 Root Surface area (cm²/plant)	根体积 Root volume (cm³/plant)	0 < D ≤ 0.5 mm	0.5 <D ≤1.0 mm	1.0 <D≤ 2.0 mm	D >2.0 mm
2019	N0	CK	3691.0e	683.1d	11.0e	2328.4e	447.5de	413.4e	214.7d
	N0	ECK	3878.0de	829.0c	14.2d	2609.6cde	531.0c	535.0bcd	299.2c
	N96	CK	4464.7bcd	897.5bc	15.5d	2833.9bcd	517.5cd	520.8cd	313.8bc
	N96	ECK	4077.6cde	861.7bc	15.7d	2579.6cde	562.3bc	588.3ab	301.7c
	N132	CK	3575.1e	792.4cd	15.5d	2413.2de	397.0e	501.2cd	321.1bc
	N132	ECK	3674.0e	837.2bc	15.3d	2447.9de	484.0cd	509.2cd	303.4c
	N168	CK	3883.6cde	858.3bc	15.0d	2746.8bcde	480.0cd	492.1d	320.1bc
	N168	ECK	4533.5bc	999.6b	19.3bc	2863.5bc	550.8bc	565.6abc	390.8ab
	N204	CK	4771.6bc	881.4bc	15.2d	3149.6b	555.4c	539.7bcd	340.3bc
	N204	ECK	4411.6bcd	902.9bc	16.3cd	2996.4bc	564.2bc	566.2abc	324.4bc
	N240	CK	5620.1a	1144.1a	20.0b	3533.8a	702.3a	610.4a	417.2a
	N240	ECK	4946.4b	1185.0a	23.7a	3152.2ab	634.1ab	591.8ab	420.7a
2020	N0	CK	2709.0c	756.5a	13.9b	2314.4a	438.7a	405.4abc	301.7c
	N0	ECK	3939.8ab	832.1a	15.6ab	2532.6a	469.1a	404.7abc	347.6abc
	N96	CK	3488.9b	876.2a	17.2ab	2436.1a	517.2a	399.6abc	357.1abc
	N96	ECK	3972.4ab	907.9a	18.0ab	2651.4a	485.6a	419.2abc	378.8abc
	N132	CK	3567.5ab	835.0a	15.1ab	2632.7a	528.8a	371.1c	331.4bc
	N132	ECK	4142.8a	945.5a	19.1ab	2540.0a	449.8a	482.6a	426.2a
	N168	CK	3522.9b	828.7a	15.5ab	2515.8a	512.6a	418.2abc	316.8bc
	N168	ECK	4143.5a	942.8a	18.9ab	2575.8a	521.6a	467.6ab	423.8a
	N204	CK	3658.8ab	841.2a	15.6ab	2631.8a	461.1a	407.3abc	348.2abc
	N204	ECK	3876.6ab	868.9a	16.9ab	2491.9a	471.0a	426.4abc	373.4abc
	N240	CK	3790.5ab	793.4a	13.9b	2638.2a	493.9a	394.3bc	309.2c
	N240	ECK	3898.7ab	885.0a	17.8ab	2387.7a	470.8a	424.5abc	394.7ab
F-value		年份Year	53.9***	4.4*	0ns	13.8***	10.3**	152.2***	8.2**
		施氮量Nitrogen application	13.5***	7.2***	8.0***	4.0**	4.2**	3.6**	6.6***
		乙矮合剂ECK	8.8**	9.2**	21.9***	0.2ns	0.6ns	19.7***	17.2***

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

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试验年份 Experiment year	试验地点 Experiment site	有机质 Organic content (g·kg^-1)	全氮 Total N (g·kg^-1)	碱解氮 Available N (mg·kg^-1)	速效磷 Available P (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K (mg·kg^-1)
2019	燕郊 Yanjiao	15.2	1.1	90.0	40.3	139.3
2020	顺义 Shunyi	14.5	1.0	108.1	43.2	102.6

年份 Year	施氮量 Nitrogen application rate (kg·hm^-2)	处理 Treatment	第1-2层根条数 Number of roots in the first to second layers	第3层根条数 Number of roots of the third layer	第4层根条数 Number of roots of the fourth layer	第5层根条数 Number of roots of the fifth layer	气生根条数 Number of aerial roots
2019	N0	CK	11.1d	8.1bcd	6.7c	6.8f	9.3d
	N0	ECK	12.7bc	7.4cd	7.9bc	8.4e	10.3d
	N96	CK	11.5cd	8.7abc	9.3ab	8.9de	10.7d
	N96	ECK	14.0ab	10.3a	9.9a	11.0abc	14.7c
	N132	CK	12.1cd	9.1abc	7.7bc	8.2e	10.3d
	N132	ECK	13.9ab	9.3abc	8.9ab	10.4abcd	13.8c
	N168	CK	11.7cd	9.8ab	10.1a	10.0cd	10.0d
	N168	ECK	14.9a	9.0abc	10.5a	10.1bcd	22.9ab
	N204	CK	11.3cd	8.7abc	8.9ab	10.1bcd	10.3d
	N204	ECK	15.2a	8.7abc	8.2bc	11.8a	24.0a
	N240	CK	12.7bcd	7.0d	7.8bc	9.3de	10.0d
	N240	ECK	14.2ab	9.6ab	9.0ab	11.6ab	22.5b
2020	N0	CK	10.3f	7.3abc	7.8ab	10.0bcd	9.4f
	N0	ECK	13.2bcd	6.7abc	7.8ab	10.8bcd	12.2e
	N96	CK	13.8abc	6.9abc	7.7ab	10.0bcd	15.5c
	N96	ECK	15.6a	8.5a	7.2b	9.1d	14.8cd
	N132	CK	11.7def	7.0abc	8.0ab	10.7bcd	14.3cd
	N132	ECK	12.6bcde	8.3abc	8.4ab	11.5b	16.1c
	N168	CK	12.0def	7.5abc	7.6ab	11.0bc	15.5cd
	N168	ECK	11.8def	7.3abc	8.8ab	10.4bcd	22.5a
	N204	CK	11.4ef	8.2ab	8.5ab	9.6cd	10.7f
	N204	ECK	15.2a	6.4c	8.9a	13.3a	13.7de
	N240	CK	12.0cde	6.6bc	8.4ab	10.8bcd	16.0c
	N240	ECK	14.1ab	6.7abc	8.7ab	11.2bc	20.0b
F-value		年份Year	0.3ns	43.4***	8.2**	21.5***	20.1***
		施氮量Nitrogen application	94.7***	1.0**	5.4***	32.0***	558.1***
		乙矮合剂ECK	6.0***	3.4ns	4.7*	9.2***	89.8***

年份 Year	施氮量 Nitrogen rate (kg·hm^-2)	处理 Treatment	粒数 Kernel number (m^-2)	千粒重 1000-kernel weight (g)	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)
2019	N0	CK	3722.6a	273.1cd	9576.8bc
	N0	ECK	3033.4a	262.6cd	7614.7d
	N96	CK	3707.4a	278.7abcd	10123.2abc
	N96	ECK	3309.3a	261.7d	9427.4c
	N132	CK	3663.1a	278.7abcd	10683.5abc
	N132	ECK	3553.8a	280.9abc	10141.1abc
	N168	CK	3521.8a	278.6abcd	11766.8a
	N168	ECK	3785.7a	279.5abcd	10241.9abc
	N204	CK	3856.1a	274.4bcd	10999.3abc
	N204	ECK	3500.9a	294.7bc	11572.7ab
	N240	CK	3647.7a	276.9abcd	11121.8abc
	N240	ECK	3500.8a	295.3a	11625.5a
2020	N0	CK	3932.7ab	284.2cde	9533.4e
	N0	ECK	3652b	298.6abc	9318.6e
	N96	CK	3817.6ab	273.5e	11143.7bcd
	N96	ECK	3862.6ab	297.6abcd	11155.8bcd
	N132	CK	4226.8a	282.8cde	11848.5a
	N132	ECK	3832.7ab	302.2ab	11834.4a
	N168	CK	3965.1ab	293.5bcd	11239.3bcd
	N168	ECK	4009.4ab	302.4ab	10974cd
	N204	CK	4227.8a	288.9bcde	10795.3d
	N204	ECK	3915.2ab	306.2a	11593.8ab
	N240	CK	3943.3ab	291.2de	11491.3abc
	N240	ECK	3947.7ab	299.2ab	11699.6ab
(F-value)		年份Year	17.6***	52.6***	12.6**
		施氮量Nitrogen application	1.1ns	4.7**	18.1***
		乙矮合剂ECK	2.9ns	23.1***	2.1ns

相关性 Correlation	产量 Yield	粒数 Kernel number	千粒重 1000-kernel weight	根干重 Root dry weight	根层数 Number of root layers	根长 Root length	表面积 Root surface area	体积 Root volume
产量 Yield	1
粒数 Kernel number	0.546**	1
千粒重 1000-kernel weight	0.573**	0.193	1
根干重 Root dry weight	0.363	-0.321	0.270	1
根层数 Number of root layers	-0.288	-0.562**	-0.139	0.361	1
根长 Root length	0.599**	0.145	0.772**	0.381	-0.158	1
表面积 Root surface area	0.579**	0.047	0.751**	0.551**	-0.058	0.942**	1
体积 Root volume	0.538**	-0.042	0.675**	0.682**	0.082	0.840**	0.960**	1

Effects of Ethylene-Chlormequat-Potassium on Root Morphological Construction and Yield of Summer Maize with Different Nitrogen Application Rates

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