Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2024, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (1): 173-189.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.01.012

• HORTICULTURE • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Comprehensive Evaluation and Selection of Hybrid Offsprings of Early Flowering Spray Outdoor Chrysanthemum

SONG Xiang(), WANG ZhongMan(), ZHANG QiuLing, WEI YuanYuan, ZHAO XiaoGang, LIU Bo, DAI SiLan()   

  1. School of Landscape and Architecture, Beijing Forestry University/Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design/Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding/Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment/Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Tree and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education/National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing 100083
  • Received:2023-04-26 Accepted:2023-09-01 Online:2024-01-01 Published:2024-01-10

RichHTML

17

PDF

167

Abstract:

【Objective】The aim of this study was to establish a comprehensive evaluation system for early flowering garden chrysanthemums, and to select plant lines with flowering periods from mid-September to mid-October, of which flower colors were close to pure red or yellow with novel flower type, round plant shape and excellent comprehensive performance to enrich ornamentals for early autumn festivals in Northen China, so as to provide breeding materials and selection methods for further breeding of early flowering garden chrysanthemum. 【Method】Using 3 early-flowering parents and 1 high double-flowering parent with bright color of small flowered chrysanthemum and 25 asexual hybrid progenies as test materials, 30 original traits were observed from 5 aspects, including flower color, flowering period, flower type, plant type, and leaf type. The selected 18 key traits were used as evaluation factors, and then a comprehensive evaluation system was established using Analytic Hierarchy Process and K-Means clustering analysis to conduct the comprehensive screening of hybrid lines. 【Result】The weight values of each trait of analytic hierarchy process were determined with the breeding objectives of early flowering, round flower type, and stable red and yellow flower color. Among them, the weight value of the initial flowering time (0.1817) was the largest, followed by the flower color stability (0.1695), the number of flowers per plant in the full flowering period (0.1383), the flowering duration (0.1301), the flower color suitability (0.0565), the flower uniformity in the full flowering period (0.0565 ), the inflorescence diameter (0.0539), and the number of ligulate flowers (0.0574). The 29 materials were divided into 3 grades by K-Means clustering analysis: 10 in grade I, 11 in grade II, and 8 in grade III, accounting for 34.38%, 37.93% and 27.59%, respectively. The traits of the hybrid progeny were widely separated, and the flower color, flower type, and plant type all showed transgressive traits, but the flowering period was still the earliest in the two early flowering parents, which was in line with the previous studies that the flowering period was a quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes. Therefore, the early flowering breeding still needs to screen parents and increase the resources of open-field small chrysanthemums that can be used in early autumn. 【Conclusion】 This evaluation method integrated the advantages of various evaluation systems, characterized the traits observed in the field with quantitative results, and conducted hierarchical analysis and evaluation guided by breeding objectives, which provided a quantitative method for comprehensive evaluation and screening of excellent varieties of early flowering garden chrysanthemum. The data analysis results indicated that the evaluation system established in this study could effectively evaluate and screen early flowering garden chrysanthemums, providing a reliable method for the breeding of new varieties of early flowering garden chrysanthemums, and helping to improve the efficiency of selecting excellent germplasm for future breeding project. Finally, 10 early flowering garden chrysanthemum strains with excellent ornamental traits were selected, which could be used as new varieties or strains and also as further breeding materials.

Key words: spray outdoor chrysanthemum, hybrid offsprings, comprehensive evaluation, analytic hierarchy process, K-Means cluster analysis, early flowering characters

Fig. 1

Phenotype of the four hybrid parents in this research (The whole plant phenotype is the effect of ground planting)"

Table 1

Statistical observation of character index"

性状类型
Trait type		 观测性状指标名称
Observation trait index
花期性状
Florescence		 现蕾期Squaring period，破膜期Breaking film period，透色期Color-transparent period，初花期Initial flowering，盛花期Full flowering，末花期Last flowering stage，孕蕾期Bud period，开花持续期Blooming period，盛花期单株着花数量Number of capitulum per plant at full-bloom stage，着花整齐度Flowering uniformity
花色性状
Flower color		 比色卡测色Colorimetric card color measurement (RHSCC)，色差仪测色Color difference meter color measurement (CIELAB standard color space)
花型性状
Flower traits		 舌状花形状Ligulate flower shape，舌状花数量Number of ligulate flowers，舌状花轮数Number of tongue-shaped wreaths，舌状花长度Ligulate flower length，舌状花宽度Tongue flower width，花序直径Capitulum diameter，花序高度Capitulum height，花心直径Flower center diameter，花托直径Torus diameter，花托高度Torus height
株型性状
Plant leaf type		 株高Plant height，冠幅Crown breadth，分枝数Number of branching，圆整度Roundness，茎秆强度Stem strength
叶型性状
Leaf type		 叶片宽度Blade width，叶片长度Blade length，叶柄长度Petiole length

Fig. 2

Statistics of florescence of spray outdoor chrysanthemum"

Table 2

Colorimetric results of RHSCC and quantitative classification of spray outdoor chrysanthemum"

品种/株系编号
Cultivars/lines number		 色系（占比）
Color group (%)		 比色卡编号
RHSCC number		 品种/株系编号
Cultivars/lines number		 色系
Color group		 比色卡编号
RHSCC number
F1-4 白色（4）
White group (4)		 N155C C34 紫色（26）
Purple group (26)		 77B
F1-15 黄色（11）
Yellow group (11)		 12A F1-30 77B
183Q-5 13B F1-17 77C
F1-36 6B B200 N78C
F1-41 橙黄色（7）
Yellow orange
Group (7)		 17C F1-24 N78C
F1-22 23C F1-6 N78D
F1-14 橙色（7）
Orange group (7)		 173C F1-7 N78D
F1-37 34B F1-19 紫罗兰色（4）
Violet group (4)		 84C
F1-18 紫红色（33）
Red purple group (33)		 58A
F1-5 64A F1-20 变色系（15）
Color changing
Group (15)		 29D
F1-33 70B 56A
S8 70B F1-3 75C
F1-29 70C 27D
F1-2 71A F1-23 155B
F1-9 72A N78C
F1-16 72B F1-35 13B
F1-25 72A 35A

Fig. 3

Distribution of color phenotypes in L*, a*, and b* of spray outdoor chrysanthemum A: L*, a*, and b* distribution box diagram; B: a*, b* two-dimensional distribution diagram; C: L*, a*, b* three-dimensional distribution diagram"

Table 3

The distribution range of flower color L*, a*, and b* parameters of each color group based on the ISCC-NBS method and classification"

色系
Color group		 CIELab颜色系统 Cielab color system 数量
Quantity		 品种或株系编号
Variety or strain number
明度Brilliance (L*) 红度Redness (a*) 黄度Yellowness (b*)
白色系 White group 89.90—91.23 -4.30—-1.96 5.52—15.08 2 F1-23、F1-4
黄色系 Yellow group 59.25—88.38 -12.99—15.88 15.47—83.78 6 F1-36、183Q-5、F1-15、F1-41、F1-22、F1-14
粉色系 Pink group 50.42—82.93 4.35—39.67 -11.69—32.59 12 F1-3、F1-19、F1-20、F1-35、F1-17、F1-29、F1-6、B200、F1-7、F1-9、F1-30、F1-24
红色系 Red group 35.75—75.62 10.18—41.07 -9.69—36.76 9 F1-37、F1-33、S8、F1-16、C34、F1-18、F1-25、F1-2、F1-5

Fig. 4

The quantitative classification of flower color of chrysanthemum corresponded to the morphology of capitulum and ligulate flower Inflorescences and ligulate flowers before and after discoloration were marked with arrows before → after the change"

Table 4

Distribution of ligulate flower shape of spray outdoor chrysanthemum"

舌状花形态
Ligulate flower shape		 株系数量
Quantity		 株系分布
Line distribution
平瓣
Flat		 17 F1-4、F1-15、183Q-5、F1-36、F1-22、F1-37、C34、B200、F1-6、S8、F1-29、F1-2、F1-5、F1-25、F1-23、F1-3、F1-7
匙瓣 Spoon 11 F1-41、F1-14、F1-30、F1-17、F1-24、F1-19、F1-9、F1-16、F1-18、F1-35、F1-20
管瓣 Tubular 1 F1-33
有龙骨 Keel-like 13 F1-15、183Q-5、F1-36、F1-41、F1-14、C34、F1-17、B200、F1-24、F1-19、F1-33、F1-16、F1-35
有缺刻 Incision 10 F1-15、F1-14、F1-37、F1-41、F1-24、F1-35、F1-165、F1-17、F1-30、F1-6

Fig. 5

Statistical chart of type character data of spray outdoor chrysanthemum"

Table 5

Comparison of the number of tongue flowers and the number of tongue flowers"

舌状花数量
Number of ligulate flowers		 株系数量
Number of lines		 株系分布
Line
distribution		 舌状花轮数
Number of ligulate flower wheels		 株系数量
Number of lines		 株系分布
Line
distribution
25—50 8 F1-2、F1-3、F1-9、F1-14、F1-16、C34、F1-37、S8 2-3 7 F1-2、F1-3、F1-14、F1-9、F1-16、F1-17、F1-24、C34
50—100 9 F1-4、F1-17、F1-19、F1-24、F1-25、F1-30、F1-35、F1-36、183Q-5 4-5 8 F1-4、F1-19、F1-20、F1-25、F1-30、F1-35、183Q-5、S8
100—150 6 F1-6、F1-7、F1-15、F1-23、F1-29、F1-41 7 8 F1-7、F1-22、F1-29、F1-36、F1-37、F1-41、B200
150—200 4 F1-5、F1-20、F1-22、B200 8 4 F1-5、F1-6、F1-15、F1-18
>200 2 F1-18、F1-33 >9 2 F1-23、F1-33

Fig. 6

Distribution diagram of plant type data of spray outdoor chrysanthemum"

Fig. 7

Plant type of spray outdoor chrysanthemum (The whole plant phenotype is the effect of pot planting)"

Fig. 8

Distribution diagram of leaf data of spray outdoor chrysanthemum"

Table 6

Hierarchical structure and weight assignment of the comprehensive evaluation of the ornamental characters of spray outdoor chrysanthemum"

Z目标层
Target layer		 C约束层
Constriant layer		 权重
Weight (Z-Ci)		 P标准层
Standard layer		 权重
Weight
露地小菊观赏性状综合评价
Comprehensive evaluation of ornamental traits of small chrysanthemum in open field		 C1花期
Florescence		 0.5069 P1初花期起始时间 The starting time of the initial flowering period 0.1817
P2开花持续时间Flowering duration 0.1301
P3盛花期单株着花数量 Number of capitulum per plant at full-bloom stage 0.1383
P4盛花期着花整齐度Flowering uniformity in full-bloom period 0.0568
C2花色
Flower color		 0.2260 P5花色适宜度Flower color suitability 0.0565
P6花色稳定性Flower color stability 0.1695
C3花型
Flower type		 0.1625 P7花序直径（花径）Capitulum diameter 0.0539
P8花心直径Flower center diameter 0.0092
P9舌状花形态（瓣型）Ligulate flower shape (petal type) 0.0128
P10舌状花数量Number of ligulate flowers 0.0574
P11舌状花轮数（重瓣性）Number of ligulate flower wheels (double valve) 0.0292
C4株型
Plant type		 0.0966 P12冠幅Crown breadth 0.0292
P13株高Plant height 0.0103
P14分枝数Number of branching 0.0103
P15圆整度Roundness 0.0279
P16茎秆强度（抗倒伏能力）Stem strength (lodging resistance) 0.0189
C5叶型
Leaf type		 0.0080 P17叶片长度Blade width 0.0040
P18叶片长宽比Blade aspect ratio 0.0040

Table 7

Scoring criteria for 18 key traits of spray outdoor chrysanthemum"

性状
Trait		 分值Score
1 2 3 4 5
P1初花期起始时间
The starting time of the initial flowering period		 极晚花期
Very late flowering period		 晚花期
Late flowering period		 中花期
Mid-flowering period		 早花期
Early flowering period		 极早花期
Very early flowering period
P2开花持续时间
Flowering duration		 <25 25—30 30—40 40—50 >50
P3盛花期单株着花数量
Number of capitulum per plant at full-bloom stage		 <30 30—40 40—50 60—90 >90
P4盛花期着花整齐度
Flowering uniformity in full-bloom period		 花朵分布不均，枝条间存在较大距离
The distribution of flowers is uneven, and there is a large distance between branches		 介于二者之间
Between the two		 花朵分布较均匀，相邻花朵间存在一定距离
The flowers are evenly distributed, and there is a certain distance between adjacent flowers		 介于二者之间
Between the two		 花朵分布均匀繁密，覆盖上表面
The flowers are evenly distributed and dense, covering the upper surface
P5花色适宜度
Flower color suitability		 花色偏白
The flower color is white		 花色较浅
Lighter color of flowers		 花色呈较艳丽的粉色
The flower color is more gorgeous pink		 花色艳丽，向红色或黄色靠拢
Colorful, close to red or yellow		 较纯正的红色或明亮黄色
Purer red or bright yellow
P6花色稳定性
Flower color stability		 - 出现变色现象
There is a discoloration phenomenon		 - - 颜色稳定
Stable color
P7花序直径（花径）Capitulum diameter <4.0 4.0—4.5 4.5—5.0 5.0—5.5 >5.5
P8花心直径
Flower center diameter		 2.0—2.5 1.5—2.0 1.0—1.5 0.75—1.0 0—0.75
P9舌状花形态（瓣型）
Ligulate flower shape (petal type)		 - - 平瓣
Flat petals		 匙瓣或管瓣/
平瓣有龙骨
或有缺刻
Spatulate petal or tubular petal /
Flat petal with keel
There may be a gap		 匙瓣或管瓣附有龙骨或缺刻
Spatulate petal or tubular petal with keel or incised
P10舌状花数量
Number of ligulate flowers		 25—50 50—100 100—150 150—200 >200
P11舌状花轮数（重瓣性）
Number of ligulate flower wheels (double valve)		 2—3 4—5 7 8 >9
P12冠幅Crown breadth <25 25—30 30—35 35—40 >40
P13株高Plant height <35 35—45 45—50 50—55 >55
P14分枝数
Number of branching		 2 3 4 5 >6
P15圆整度
Roundness		 植株不圆整
The plant is not rounded		 介于二者之间
Between the two		 植株较圆整
The plant is rounder		 介于二者之间
Between the two		 植株圆整
The plant is rounded
P16茎秆强度（抗倒伏能力）
Stem strength（lodging resistance）		 茎秆强度弱
Stem strength is weak		 介于二者之间
Between the two		 茎秆强度居中
Stem strength is in the middle		 介于二者之间
Between the two		 茎秆强度强
Stem strength is strong
P17叶片长度Blade length <4 4—5 5—6 6—7 >7
P18叶片长宽比
Blade aspect ratio		 - 长卵型或
倒卵型
Long egg type or
Inverted egg type		 卵型
Egg-type		 宽卵型
Wide egg type		 -

Table 8

Comprehensive scores and grades of 25 F1 generation strains and 4 parents"

等级
Grade		 材料
Material		 综合得分
Synthesis score		 等级
Grade		 材料
Material		 综合得分
Synthesis score		 等级
Grade		 材料
Material		 综合得分
Synthesis score
Ⅰ C34 3.8941 Ⅱ F1-29 3.1042 Ⅲ F1-4 2.3647
Ⅰ F1-18 3.891 Ⅱ B200 3.1246 Ⅲ F1-30 2.7404
Ⅰ F1-36 3.8659 Ⅱ F1-15 3.1621 Ⅲ F1-3 2.7690
Ⅰ F1-5 3.8346 Ⅱ F1-2 3.2129 Ⅲ F1-35 2.8305
Ⅰ F1-6 3.8236 Ⅱ F1-9 3.2521 Ⅲ F1-20 2.8466
Ⅰ 183Q-5 3.7284 Ⅱ F1-17 3.2673 Ⅲ F1-24 2.8760
Ⅰ F1-16 3.6446 Ⅱ F1-41 3.3012 Ⅲ F1-25 2.9700
Ⅰ F1-22 3.6386 Ⅱ F1-14 3.3495 Ⅲ F1-7 3.0041
Ⅰ S8 3.6047 Ⅱ F1-19 3.3733
Ⅰ F1-33 3.5359 Ⅱ F1-23 3.3973
Ⅱ F1-37 3.4324
[1]
赵倩茹, 房伟民, 管志勇, 陈发棣, 滕年军. 切花小菊49个品种绿心特性分析和综合评价标准的构建. 园艺学报, 2017, 44(12): 2338-2350.

doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2017-0403
ZHAO Q R, FANG W M, GUAN Z Y, CHEN F D, TENG N J. Analysis of green-center characteristics and establishment of green-center comprehensive evaluation standard for 49 spray cut Chrysanthemum cultivars. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2017, 44(12): 2338-2350. (in Chinese)
[2]
CHO L H, YOON J, AN G. The control of flowering time by environmental factors. The Plant Journal, 2017, 90(4): 708-719.

doi: 10.1111/tpj.2017.90.issue-4
[3]
张玉鸽. 盆栽大菊品种开花期特性的遗传分析及早花品种选育[D]. 北京: 北京林业大学, 2020.
ZHANG Y G. Genetic analysis of flowering characters and breeding of early-flowering varieties of large-chrysanthemum[D]. Beijing: Beijing Forestry University, 2020. (in Chinese)
[4]
张秋玲, 刘海鹏, 高康. 盆栽菊花反季节开花调控技术研究. 黑龙江农业科学, 2021(9): 62-67.
ZHANG Q L, LIU H P, GAO K. Research on anti-seasonal flowering control technology of potted chrysanthemum. 2021(9): 62-67. (in Chinese)
[5]
陈发棣, 房伟民, 赵宏波, 管志勇. 菊花新品种: 国庆盆栽小菊系列. 园艺学报, 2005, 32(2): 377.
CHEN F D, FANG W M, ZHAO H B, GUAN Z Y. New varieties of Guoqing potted Chrysanthemum with small inflorescences. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2005, 32(2): 377. (in Chinese)
[6]
赵耀. 早花期地被菊杂交育种研究[D]. 太谷: 山西农业大学, 2013.
ZHAO Y. Studies on early flowering varieties breeding by ground- cover chrysanthemum[D]. Taigu: Shanxi Agricultural University, 2013. (in Chinese)
[7]
ZHANG M M, HUANG H, WANG Q, DAI S L. Cross breeding new cultivars of early-flowering multiflora Chrysanthemum based on mathematical analysis. HortScience, 2018, 53(4): 421-426.

doi: 10.21273/HORTSCI12769-17
[8]
孔德元, 赵小刚, 张蒙蒙, 高康, 张秋玲, 李艳飞, 戴思兰, 季玉山, 王朔, 刘昊. 小菊新品种‘东篱秋红’. 园艺学报, 2021, 48(S2): 2877-2878.
KONG D Y, ZHAO X G, ZHANG M M, GAO K, ZHANG Q L, LI Y F, DAI S L, JI Y S, WANG S, LIU H. A new muitiflora chrysanthemum cultivar ‘Dongli Qiuhong’. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2021, 48(S2): 2877-2878. (in Chinese)
[9]
梁良. 基于改进层次分析法小麦籽粒优劣分级技术研究[D]. 保定: 河北农业大学, 2013.
LIANG L. Research about quality grading of wheat grain based on improved AHP[D]. Baoding: Hebei Agricultural University, 2013. (in Chinese)
[10]
王江民, 钱均祥, 许宗亮, 曾彪, 马玲, 冷燕, 孙信梅, 王家金, 张智慧. 应用层次分析法确定鲜食玉米品质指标的优先等级. 西南农业学报, 2019, 32(9): 2192-2196.
WANG J M, QIAN J X, XU Z L, ZENG B, MA L, LENG Y, SUN X M, WANG J J, ZHANG Z H. Determination of quality grades of fresh-eating maize by using analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2019, 32(9): 2192-2196. (in Chinese)
[11]
孙霞枫. 现代月季品种综合评价体系的初步研究[D]. 北京: 北京林业大学, 2009.
SUN X F. The preliminary studies on comprehensive evaluation system of modern garden rose cultivars[D]. Beijing: Beijing Forestry University, 2009. (in Chinese)
[12]
宁云芬, 贾蕊, 荣涛, 汪勐炜. 基于层次分析法的盆栽东方百合品种综合评价体系构建. 南方农业学报, 2017, 48(4): 669-674.
NING Y F, JIA R, RONG T, WANG M W. Establishing comprehensive evaluation system for potted Oriental lily cultivars based on analytic hierarchy process. Journal of Southern Agriculture, 2017, 48(4): 669-674. (in Chinese)
[13]
王青, 戴思兰, 何晶, 季玉山, 王朔. 灰色关联法和层次分析法在盆栽多头小菊株系选择中的应用. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45(17): 3653-3660. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2012.17.024.
WANG Q, DAI S L, HE J, JI Y S, WANG S. Application of grey correlation analysis and AHP method in selection of potted Chrysanthemum. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2012, 45(17): 3653- 3660. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2012.17.024. (in Chinese)
[14]
高康, 宋雪彬, 戴思兰, 季玉山, 王朔. 基于AHP法的大菊杂种F1代新品种筛选// 中国观赏园艺研究进展, 2016: 118-124.
GAO K, SOHG X B, DAI S L, JI Y S, WANG S. AHP-based screening of traditional chrysanthemum hybrid F1 for new variety// Advances in Ornamental Horticulture of China, 2016: 118-124. (in Chinese)
[15]
赵小刚, 张蒙蒙, 黄河, 戴思兰. 基于聚类分析的小菊品种间亲缘关系分析// 中国观赏园艺研究进展. 2018: 173-179.
ZHAO X G, ZHANG M M, HUANG H, DAI S L. Cluster analysis of relationship between multi-chrysanthemum// Advances in Ornamental Horticulture of China, 2018: 173-179. (in Chinese)
[16]
WU X Y, ZHAO X G, GAO K, TIAN Y K, ZHANG M M, ANDERSON N O, DAI S L. Heterosis and mixed genetic analysis of flowering traits in cross breeding of day-neutral Chrysanthemum (Asteraceae). Agronomy, 2023, 13(8): 2107.

doi: 10.3390/agronomy13082107
[17]
赵志慧, 张玉鸽, 高康, 田园凯, 张秋玲, 方志军, 王朔, 刘昊, 季玉山, 戴思兰. 大菊品种花期和主要观赏性状的变异及相关性分析. 植物科学学报, 2023, 41(2): 214-223.
ZHAO Z H, ZHANG Y G, GAO K, TIAN Y K, ZHANG Q L, FANG Z J, WANG S, LIU H, JI Y S, DAI S L. Variation and correlation analysis of florescence and main ornamental traits of Chrysanthemum × morifolium Ramat. varieties. Plant Science Journal, 2023, 41(2): 214-223. (in Chinese)
[18]
朱德宁, 韩宇, 房伟民, 陈发棣, 陈素梅, 邓波, 管志勇. 多花型园林小菊品质评价与品种筛选. 南京农业大学学报, 2018, 41(2): 266-274.
ZHU D N, HAN Y, FANG W M, CHEN F D, CHEN S M, DENG B, GUAN Z Y. Studies on the quality evaluation and variety selection of multi-flower garden chrysanthemum. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University, 2018, 41(2): 266-274. (in Chinese)
[19]
马婉茹, 房伟民, 王海滨, 张飞, 陈素梅, 陈发棣, 管志勇. 多头切花菊品种茎、枝特性评价体系构建与品种评价. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(14): 2515-2524. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.14.010.
MA W R, FANG W M, WANG H B, ZHANG F, CHEN S M, CHEN F D, GUAN Z Y. Establishment of appraisal system for the stem and branch characteristics and varieties evaluation of spray cut Chrysanthemum. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(14): 2515-2524. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.14.010. (in Chinese)
[20]
韩勇, 叶燕萍, 陈发棣, 房伟民, 陈素梅, 姚建军, 管志勇, 王春昕. 多头切花菊品质性状综合评价体系构建. 中国农业科学, 2011, 44(20): 4265-4271. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2011.20.014.
HAN Y, YE Y P, CHEN F D, FANG W M, CHEN S M, YAO J J, GUAN Z Y, WANG C X. Establishment of synthetic assessing system for the quality of spray cut Chrysanthemum. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2011, 44(20): 4265-4271. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2011.20.014. (in Chinese)
[21]
中华人民共和国农业农村部. 中华人民共和国国家标准植物品种特异性、一致性和稳定性测试指南—菊花[S], 2019.
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of People’s Republic of China. Guidelines for the conduct of tests for distinctness, uniformity and stability Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum × morifolium Ramat.)[S], 2019. (in Chinese)
[22]
赵小刚. 日中性小菊新品种选育及小菊开花期遗传分析[D]. 北京: 北京林业大学, 2019.
ZHAO X G. Breeding of day-neutral multiflora chrysanthemum and genetic analysis of flowering time[D]. Beijing: Beijing Forestry University, 2019. (in Chinese)
[23]
SAATY T L. How to make a decision: The analytic hierarchy process. European Journal of Operational Research, 1990, 48(1): 9-26.

doi: 10.1016/0377-2217(90)90057-I
[24]
梁文怡. 园林小菊与‘皇菊’杂交后代群体的筛选与评价[D]. 南京: 南京农业大学, 2020.
LIANG W Y. Screening and evaluation of hybrid progeny of garden Chrysanthemum בHuangju’[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing Agricultural University, 2020. (in Chinese)
[25]
张玉鸽, 高康, 刘芷兰, 宋雪彬, 戴思兰. 不同开花期大菊品种观赏性状综合分析// 中国观赏园艺研究进展, 2018: 42-50.
ZHANG Y G, GAO K, LIU Z L, SONG X B, DAI S L. Analysis of florescence ornamental characters on Chrysanthemum cultivars// Advances in Ornamental Horticulture of China, 2018: 42-50. (in Chinese)
[26]
白新祥. 菊花花色形成的表型分析[D]. 北京: 北京林业大学, 2007.
BAI X X. Phenotype analysis of flower coloration of Chrysanthemum ×morifolium Ramat.[D]. Beijing: Beijing Forestry University, 2007. (in Chinese)
[27]
洪艳, 白新祥, 孙卫, 贾锋炜, 戴思兰. 菊花品种花色表型数量分类研究. 园艺学报, 2012, 39(7): 1330-1340.
HONG Y, BAI X X, SUN W, JIA F W, DAI S L. The numerical classification of Chrysanthemum flower color phenotype. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2012, 39(7): 1330-1340. (in Chinese)
[28]
BRUGLIERA F, TAO G Q, TEMS U, KALC G, MOURADOVA E, PRICE K, STEVENSON K, NAKAMURA N, STACEY I, KATSUMOTO Y, TANAKA Y, MASON J G. Violet/blue chrysanthemums-metabolic engineering of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway results in novel petal colors. Plant and Cell Physiology, 2013, 54(10): 1696-1710.

doi: 10.1093/pcp/pct110
[29]
WANG L S, SHIRAISHI A, HASHIMOTO F, AOKI N, SHIMIZU K, SAKATA Y. Analysis of petal anthocyanins to investigate flower coloration of Zhongyuan (Chinese) and Daikon island (Japanese) tree peony cultivars. Journal of Plant Research, 2001, 114(1): 33-43.

doi: 10.1007/PL00013966
[30]
GONNET J F. CIELab measurement, a precise communication in flower colour: An example with carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) cultivars. Journal of Horticultural Science, 1993, 68(4): 499-510.

doi: 10.1080/00221589.1993.11516378
[31]
SONG X B, GAO K, FAN G X, ZHAO X G, LIU Z L, DAI S L. Quantitative classification of the morphological traits of ray florets in large-flowered Chrysanthemum. HortScience, 2018, 53(9): 1258-1265.

doi: 10.21273/HORTSCI13069-18
[32]
宋雪彬. 菊花品种表型性状的数量化定义及其遗传分析[D]. 北京: 北京林业大学, 2018.
SONG X B. Quantitative definition and genetic analysis of morphological traits of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum × morifolium Ramat.)[D]. Beijing: Beijing Forestry University, 2018. (in Chinese)
[33]
宋雪彬, 高康, 黄河, 刘芷兰, 戴思兰, 嵇彧. 中国传统大菊叶片形态的数量化定义与分类. 植物学报, 2021, 56(1): 10-24.
SONG X B, GAO K, HUANG H, LIU Z L, DAI S L, JI Y. Quantitative definition and classification of leaves in large-flowered Chinese Chrysanthemum based on the morphological traits. Bulletin of Botany, 2021, 56(1): 10-24. (in Chinese)
[34]
邓雪, 李家铭, 曾浩健, 陈俊羊, 赵俊峰. 层次分析法权重计算方法分析及其应用研究. 数学的实践与认识, 2012, 42(7): 93-100.
DENG X, LI J M, ZENG H J, CHEN J Y, ZHAO J F. Research on computation methods of AHP wight vector and its applications. Mathematics in Practice and Theory, 2012, 42(7): 93-100. (in Chinese)
[35]
ZHANG Y M, LIAN L J, LIU Q, XIAO N, FANG R X, LIU Q L, CHEN X Y. Altered expression of CmNRRa changes flowering time of Chrysanthemum morifolium. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 2013, 11(3): 373-379.

doi: 10.1111/pbi.2013.11.issue-3
[36]
WEI Q, MA C, XU Y J, WANG T L, CHEN Y Y, LÜ J, ZHANG L L, JIANG C Z, HONG B, GAO J P. Control of chrysanthemum flowering through integration with an aging pathway. Nature Communications, 2017, 8: 829.

doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-00812-0 pmid: 29018260
[37]
李娜娜, 张德平, 朱珺, 戴思兰. 利用层次分析法初选单头切花菊杂种F1代优良单株的研究. 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2012, 40(2): 129-135.
LI N N, ZHANG D P, ZHU J, DAI S L. A study on the primary selection of single flower cutting chrysanthemum hybrid F1 using analytic hierchy process. Journal of Northwest A & F University (Natural Science Edition), 2012, 40(2): 129-135. (in Chinese)
[38]
张亚琼, 张伟, 戴思兰, 季玉山, 何晶. 基于AHP的中国传统盆栽菊花产业化品种筛选. 中国农业科学, 2011, 44(21): 4438-4446. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2011.21.012.
ZHANG Y Q, ZHANG W, DAI S L, JI Y S, HE J. AHP-based screening of traditional potted Chrysanthemum for industrialized production. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2011, 44(21): 4438-4446. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2011.21.012. (in Chinese)
[39]
沈瑶, 王晗璇, 侯海娴, 吴智明, 周厚高. 引进盆栽小菊品种观赏价值及园林应用的综合评价. 广西植物, 2021, 41(8): 1363-1371.
SHEN Y, WANG H X, HOU H X, WU Z M, ZHOU H G. Comprehensive evaluation on ornamental value and landscape application of introduced potted chrysanthemum cultivars. Guihaia, 2021, 41(8): 1363-1371. (in Chinese)
[40]
蒲娅, 张佳莹, 黄河, 戴思兰. 基于层次分析法和灰色关联法的露地小菊早花品种筛选// 中国观赏园艺研究进展, 2018, 2018: 131-139.
PU Y, ZHANG J Y, HUANG H, DAI S L. The selection of early flowering spray outdoor chrysanthemum by analytic hierarchy process and grey correlation analysis// Advances in Ornamental Horticulture of China, 2018: 131-139. (in Chinese)
[41]
TARDIEU F, CABRERA-BOSQUET L, PRIDMORE T, BENNETT M. Plant phenomics, from sensors to knowledge. Current Biology, 2017, 27(15): R770-R783.
[1] GUO Lei, HUANG ChenYan, SONG HongFeng, SHEN ZhiJun, ZHANG BinBin, MA RuiJuan, SUN Meng, HE Xin, YU MingLiang. Screening, Compounding and Safety Evaluation of Herbicides Suitable for Peach Nursery [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(9): 1734-1747.
[2] WU YuZhen, HUANG LongYu, ZHOU DaYun, HUANG YiWen, FU ShouYang, PENG Jun, KUANG Meng. Construction of SSR Fingerprint Library and Comprehensive Evaluation for Approved Cotton Varieties in China [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(8): 1430-1443.
[3] WANG XiaoJun, WANG JinLan, JU ZeLiang, LIANG GuoLing, JIA ZhiFeng, LIU WenHui, MA Xiang, MA JinXiu, LI Wen. Comprehensive Evaluation on Production Performance and Nutritional Quality of Different Varieties of Forage Oat in the Qinghai Lake Area [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(19): 3730-3742.
[4] LI YuShan, XIAO Jing, MA Yue, TIAN Chao, ZHAO LianJia, WANG Fan, SONG Yu, JIANG ChengYao. Identification and Evaluation of Phenotypic Characters and Genetic Diversity Analysis of 169 Tomato Germplasm Resources [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(18): 3671-3683.
[5] ZHAI CaiJiao, GE LiJiao, CHENG YuJing, QIU Liang, WANG XiaoQiu, LIU ShuiDong. Genetic Diversity Analysis of Wax Gourd and Chieh-Qua Germplasm Resources Based on Phenotypic Traits and SSR Markers [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(17): 3440-3457.
[6] HOU ZhaoYu, GONG YiZhao, QIAN Yi, CHENG ZhuoYa, TAO Jun, ZHAO DaQiu. Evaluation of Heat Tolerance of Herbaceous Peony and Screening of Its Identification Indices [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(23): 4742-4756.
[7] KAYOUMU MiReZhaTiJiang, WUMAIERJIANG XiErAiLi, LI XiaoTong, WANG XiangRu, GUI HuiPing, ZHANG HengHeng, ZHANG XiLing, DONG Qiang, SONG MeiZhen. Screening of Low Phosphorus Tolerant Germplasm in Cotton at Seedling Stage and Comprehensive Evaluation of Low Phosphorus Tolerance [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(21): 4150-4162.
[8] ZHANG YiZhong, ZHANG XiaoJuan, LIANG Du, GUO Qi, FAN XinQi, NIE MengEn, WANG HuiYan, ZHAO WenBo, DU WeiJun, LIU QingShan. Genetic Diversity Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of Sorghum Breeding Materials Based on Phenotypic Traits [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(15): 2837-2853.
[9] LI Huan, YAN XiaoQing, YANG ZhanLie, TAN JinYu, LI XiaoBing, CHEN NengGang, WU RongJu, CHEN HuiCha, RUAN RenChao. Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of Phenotype Genetic Diversity in Kam Sweet Rice Germplasm Resources in Guizhou [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(11): 2035-2046.
[10] CHEN ZhiMin, CHEN XiaoLin, TAN ZhenHua, CHEN ZhaoXing, SHEN DanDan, MA YanYan, ZHENG YongQiang, YI ShiLai, LÜ Qiang, XIE RangJin. Comprehensive Fruit Quality Evaluation and Suitable Areas Selection of Newhall Navel Orange in China [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(10): 1949-1965.
[11] WANG YangYang,LIU WanDai,HE Li,REN DeChao,DUAN JianZhao,HU Xin,GUO TianCai,WANG YongHua,FENG Wei. Evaluation of Low Temperature Freezing Injury in Winter Wheat and Difference Analysis of Water Effect Based on Multivariate Statistical Analysis [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(7): 1301-1318.
[12] WANG XiuXiu,XING AiShuang,YANG Ru,HE ShouPu,JIA YinHua,PAN ZhaoE,WANG LiRu,DU XiongMing,SONG XianLiang. Comprehensive Evaluation of Phenotypic Characters of Nature Population in Upland Cotton [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(6): 1082-1094.
[13] BIAN NengFei, SUN DongLei, GONG JiaLi, WANG Xing, XING XingHua, JIN XiaHong, WANG XiaoJun. Evaluation of Edible Quality of Roasted Peanuts and Indexes Screening [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(4): 641-652.
[14] SHEN Qian,ZHANG SiPing,LIU RuiHua,LIU ShaoDong,CHEN Jing,GE ChangWei,MA HuiJuan,ZHAO XinHua,YANG GuoZheng,SONG MeiZhen,PANG ChaoYou. Construction of A Comprehensive Evaluation System and Screening of Cold Tolerance Indicators for Cold Tolerance of Cotton at Seedling Emergence Stage [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(22): 4342-4355.
[15] HU Xin, ZHANG ZhiLiang, ZHANG Fei, DENG Bo, FANG WeiMin. Comprehensive Evaluation and Selection of Hybrid Offsprings of Large-Flowered Tea Chrysanthemum [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(20): 4036-4051.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!
京ICP备09089781号-30
Copyright 2018 © Editorial office of Scientia Agricultura Sinica
Tel: 86-010-82106279    E-mail: zgnykx@mail.caas.net.cn
Supported by Beijing Magtech Co.Ltd