环青海湖地区不同饲用燕麦品种生产性能和营养品质综合评价

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.19.002

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】In order to explore the adaptability of 10 oat (Avena sativa) varieties in the Qinghai Lake area and screen out the high-yield and high-quality oat varieties suitable for planting in this area, so as to provide data support for high-yield and high-quality forage production in this area and similar areas. 【Method】In this study, 10 oat varieties (Avena sativa cv. Qinghai No.444, A. sativa cv. Baiyan No.7, A. sativa cv. Qingyan No.4, A. nuda cv. Qingyou No.3, A. sativa cv. Qingyin No.2, A. sativa cv. Qingyan No.3, A. sativa cv. Lena, A. sativa cv. Qinghai, A. sativa cv. Qingyan No.1 and A. sativa cv. Longyan No.1) commonly cultivated in Qinghai province were used. The experiment was established using a randomized complete block design. Three experimental blocks, located at least 3 m away from each other, were randomly chosen. Each block contained 10 different oat varieties plots, for a total of 30 plots. The area of each plot was 3 m × 5 m. The experiment was sown in strip. The row spacing was 25 cm and the sowing depth was 3-4 cm. According to the thousand seed weight, purity and germination rate of each variety, the seeding rate of each variety was calculated according to the seedling protection number of 6.75 million plants/hm². Moreover, the diammonium phosphate (150 kg·hm^-2) and urea (75 kg·hm^-2) were used as base fertilizer. The seeds were sown on May 16, 2022 and May 19, 2023, and field observations and sample collection were conducted on September 23, 2022 and September 26, 2023, respectively. The production performance and nutritional quality of oat varieties were analyzed, and the piecewise structural equation model was used to explore how varieties, planting years and their interactions affected nutritional quality via agronomic traits and yield traits. Furthermore, the multi-criterion decision model-TOPSIS (Technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal) was used to comprehensively evaluate the various indexes of the tested oat varieties. 【Result】Our results demonstrated that A. sativa cv. Qingyan No.3 had the highest plant height (89.4-92.5 cm), and the lowest acid detergent fiber (34.8%-34.9%) and neutral detergent fiber (51.8%-53.4%). The A. sativa cv. Qingyan No.4 had the most tillers number (2.7-3.6/plant) and the lowest crude ash content (10.9%-11.3%). The highest of forage yield, crude protein, relative feeding value were found in A. sativa cv. Qingyan No.3 and A. sativa cv. Qingyan No.4. while the stem/leaf ratio of the A. sativa cv. Qingyan No.3 and A. sativa cv. Qingyan No.4 were significantly lower than that of other varieties. The highest crude fat was found in A. sativa cv. Qingyan No.1 (3.8%-3.9%). The Pearson correlation analysis showed that the oat yield was positively correlated with crude protein content and relative feeding value, but negatively correlated with acid detergent fiber and crude ash. The stem/leaf ratio was positively correlated with acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber, but negatively correlated with crude protein and relative feeding value. The structural equation model analysis showed that the varieties, planting years and their interactions had direct effects on the oat nutritional quality, and indirectly affected the nutritional quality by affecting plant height, tillering number, stem/leaf ratio and hay yield. The total effect value of stem/leaf ratio was the highest, which was -0.37.【Conclusion】The comprehensive evaluation of TOPSIS model showed that A. sativa cv. Qingyan No.4 and A. sativa cv. Qingyan No.3 could not only maintain higher production performance, but also have higher nutritional quality, which are ideal oat varieties for planting in Qinghai Lake area.

Key words: Qinghai Lake area, oat, production performance, nutritional quality, comprehensive evaluation

WANG XiaoJun, WANG JinLan, JU ZeLiang, LIANG GuoLing, JIA ZhiFeng, LIU WenHui, MA Xiang, MA JinXiu, LI Wen. Comprehensive Evaluation on Production Performance and Nutritional Quality of Different Varieties of Forage Oat in the Qinghai Lake Area[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(19): 3730-3742.

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References 30

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编号 No.	品种 Variety	纯净度 Seed purity (%)	发芽率 Germination rate (%)	类型 Type	原产地 Origin
V1	青海444 A. sativa cv. Qinghai No.444	95.2	96	早熟Early maturity	丹麦Denmark
V2	白燕7号 A. sativa cv. Baiyan No.7	96.7	97	中熟Mid maturity	中国吉林Jilin, China
V3	青燕4号 A. sativa cv. Qingyan No.4	95.8	93	中晚熟Mid-late maturity	中国青海Qinghai, China
V4	青莜3号 A. nuda cv. Qingyou No.3	96.3	94	晚熟Late maturity	英国England
V5	青引2号 A. sativa cv. Qingyin No.2	96.4	95	早熟Early maturity	加拿大Canada
V6	青燕3号 A. sativa cv. Qingyan No.3	94.3	96	晚熟Late maturity	中国青海Qinghai, China
V7	林纳 A. sativa cv. Lena	94.7	95	中熟Mid maturity	挪威Norway
V8	青海甜燕麦 A. sativa cv. Qinghai	93.3	95	中熟Mid maturity	俄罗斯 Russia
V9	青燕1号 A. sativa cv. Qingyan No.1	95.5	94	早熟Early maturity	中国青海Qinghai, China
V10	陇燕1号 A. sativa cv. Longyan No.1	96.3	93	中熟Mid maturity	中国甘肃Gansu, China

品种 Varieties	生育时期<BOLD>G</BOLD>rowth period
品种 Varieties	2022	2023
青海444 A. sativa cv. Qinghai No.444	完熟期Full ripe stage	完熟期Full ripe stage
白燕7号A. sativa cv. Baiyan No.7	蜡熟期Dough stage	蜡熟期Dough stage
青燕4号A. sativa cv. Qingyan No.4	乳熟期Milk ripe stage	蜡熟期Dough stage
青莜3号A. nuda cv. Qingyou No.3	乳熟期Milk ripe stage	乳熟期Milk ripe stage
青引2号A. sativa cv. Qingyin No.2	完熟期Full ripe stage	完熟期Full ripe stage
青燕3号A. sativa cv. Qingyan No.3	乳熟期Milk ripe stage	乳熟期Milk ripe stage
林纳A. sativa cv. Lena	蜡熟期Dough stage	蜡熟期Dough stage
青海甜燕麦A. sativa cv. Qinghai	蜡熟期Dough stage	蜡熟期Dough stage
青燕1号A. sativa cv. Qingyan No.1	完熟期Full ripe stage	完熟期Full ripe stage
陇燕1号A. sativa cv. Longyan No.1	蜡熟期Dough stage	蜡熟期Dough stage

性状 Trait	因素 Factor	平方和 Sum of squares	自由度 Degrees of freedom	均方 Mean square	F	P
株高 Plant height (cm)	品种Variety	4524.75	9.00	502.75	10.55	0.00
	种植年份Planting year	66.99	1.00	66.99	1.41	0.24
	品种×年份Variety×Planting year	5055.54	9.00	561.73	11.79	0.00
分蘖数 Number of tillers	品种Variety	72.64	9.00	8.07	22.81	0.00
	种植年份Planting year	28.34	1.00	28.34	80.10	0.00
	品种×年份Variety×Planting year	12.08	9.00	1.34	3.79	0.00
干草产量 Hay yield (g·m^-2)	品种Variety	1604942.96	9.00	178327.00	34.89	0.00
	种植年份Planting year	54076.41	1.00	54076.41	10.58	0.00
	品种×年份Variety×Planting year	565302.89	9.00	62811.43	12.29	0.00
茎叶比 Stem/leaf ratio	品种Variety	0.34	9.00	0.04	72.64	0.00
	种植年份Planting year	0.06	1.00	0.06	119.94	0.00
	品种×年份Variety×Planting year	0.13	9.00	0.01	29.04	0.00

营养品质 Nutritional quality	因素 Factor	平方和 Sum of squares	自由度 Degrees of freedom	均方 Mean square	F	P
粗蛋白 CP (%)	品种Variety	21.44	9.00	2.38	9.43	0.00
	种植年份Planting year	2.83	1.00	2.83	11.20	0.00
	品种×年份Variety×Planting year	2.55	9.00	0.28	1.12	0.35
粗脂肪 CF (%)	品种Variety	6.83	9.00	0.76	11.09	0.00
	种植年份Planting year	0.23	1.00	0.23	3.41	0.07
	品种×年份Variety×Planting year	2.47	9.00	0.27	4.02	0.00
粗灰分 Ash (%)	品种Variety	84.04	9.00	9.34	7.14	0.00
	种植年份Planting year	0.01	1.00	0.01	0.01	0.92
	品种×年份Variety×Planting year	22.19	9.00	2.47	1.89	0.05
酸性洗涤纤维 ADF (%)	品种Variety	1170.44	9.00	130.05	9.86	0.00
	种植年份Planting year	10.41	1.00	10.41	0.79	0.37
	品种×年份Variety×Planting year	131.55	9.00	14.62	1.11	0.36
中性洗涤纤维 NDF (%)	品种Variety	2129.10	9.00	236.57	8.74	0.00
	种植年份Planting year	178.79	1.00	178.79	6.61	0.01
	品种×年份Variety×Planting year	431.53	9.00	47.95	1.77	0.07
相对饲用价值 RFV	品种Variety	15096.54	9.00	1677.39	15.37	0.00
	种植年份Planting year	272.17	1.00	272.17	2.49	0.12
	品种×年份Variety×Planting year	1925.57	9.00	213.95	1.96	0.04

Comprehensive Evaluation on Production Performance and Nutritional Quality of Different Varieties of Forage Oat in the Qinghai Lake Area

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