陆地棉种质资源表型性状综合评价

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.06.003

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】To analyze the fiber quality, yield, and early maturity of Upland cotton germplasm, screen the evaluation indicators comprehensively, establish a reliable evaluation model, and provide theoretical support for developing new Upland cotton varieties.【Method】 A total of 630 Upland cotton accessions selected from various sources were used to investigate 17 traits in 8 environments in three major cotton-growing regions in China. The best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) was estimated for phenotypic traits by utilizing R package “lme4” and used for further analysis, including correlation analysis, principal component analysis, affiliation function method, cluster analysis and stepwise regression to evaluate population characteristics.【Result】This upland cotton population had high genetic diversity with a diversity index ranging from 1.961 to 2.084, and significant regional specificity existed. The boll number, fiber elongation, spinning consistent index, and short fiber index of this population had considerable variation, while that of fiber length, fiber strength, and growth period traits was lower. Correlation analysis showed significant or highly significant correlations among most traits, and there was a strong correlation among some fiber quality traits. The 17 traits were converted into 6 independent composite indices through principal component analysis with a contribution range of 5.860%-31.044% and a cumulative contribution of 82.642%. Principal component analysis can classify the fiber quality traits, yield traits and agronomic traits in this upland cotton population. The comprehensive evaluation value (F value) of phenotypes was calculated using the affiliation function method, the phenotypes of 17 traits were all significantly correlated with F values. The result demonstrated that the accessions with high F values (mean value of 0.668) had significantly higher yield traits (boll number, boll weight, lint percentage, and seed index), fiber quality traits (fiber length, fiber length uniformity, fiber strength, spinning consistent index, and short fiber index), plant height and fertility traits than those with low F values (mean value of 0.396). Regression equations for eight traits (boll number, boll open date, boll weight, flowering date, lint percentage, plant height, sympodial brand node, and spinning consistent index) as independent variables were established using stepwise regression. Based on the F value, the 630 germplasm were clustered into four categories, the first category was the high-quality fiber type, containing 118 accessions; the second category was the high-yield type, comprising 250 accessions; the third category was the early-maturing type, comprising 51 accessions; the characteristics of the fourth category was between the second and third categories. Finally, 23 better fiber quality and 135 high-yield germplasms were selected for breeding and production.【Conclusion】The phenotypic traits of Upland cotton are geographically specific; it is feasible to use multivariate statistical analysis to comprehensively evaluate Upland cotton germplasm; the whole population can be classified into four categories (high-quality, high-yield, early maturity and other types).

Key words: Gossypium hirsutum Linn., germplasm resources, principal component analysis, cluster analysis, comprehensive evaluation

WANG XiuXiu,XING AiShuang,YANG Ru,HE ShouPu,JIA YinHua,PAN ZhaoE,WANG LiRu,DU XiongMing,SONG XianLiang. Comprehensive Evaluation of Phenotypic Characters of Nature Population in Upland Cotton[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(6): 1082-1094.

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Figures/Tables 7

Table 1

Table 2

Differences in phenotypic traits of germplasm from different areas"

性状 Traits	非洲 Africa	亚洲其他国家 Other Asian countries	欧洲 Europe	南美洲 South America	美国与墨西哥 America and Mexico	前苏联 Former Soviet Union	澳大利亚 Australia	长江流域 Yangtze River valley	黄河流域 Yellow River valley	中国北部 North China	F值 F value
铃数BN	12.481	12.748	12.385	12.547	12.765	12.232	12.715	12.952	12.973	12.189	2.739**
吐絮期BOD	135.057	133.945	131.852	135.532	134.625	132.153	135.892	134.270	133.643	131.067	16.555**
单铃重BW	5.433	5.461	5.288	5.544	5.483	5.375	5.381	5.258	5.316	5.176	4.319**
果枝数FBN	11.168	11.150	11.251	11.056	11.169	11.313	10.982	11.289	11.218	11.214	9.959**
开花期FD	72.913	72.448	71.328	72.476	72.609	71.294	73.132	72.065	72.426	71.024	12.766**
伸长率FE	9.875	9.913	9.885	9.931	9.560	9.968	9.587	8.516	9.809	9.056	21.971**
纤维长度FL	29.682	29.065	28.604	29.293	28.880	28.058	30.144	31.814	29.134	30.530	47.759**
纤维整齐度FLU	84.842	84.362	84.162	84.535	84.381	83.993	84.828	85.487	84.593	85.174	22.611**
纤维强度FS	29.282	28.932	28.260	29.027	28.941	28.171	29.586	31.695	28.736	30.409	37.642**
衣分LP	34.606	34.400	34.923	35.008	34.041	34.568	35.348	34.760	35.785	35.262	2.522**
成熟度MAT	0.844	0.845	0.847	0.845	0.847	0.847	0.845	0.847	0.846	0.849	1.408
马克隆值MIC	4.583	4.634	4.754	4.666	4.654	4.792	4.539	4.256	4.662	4.544	23.278**
株高PH	75.503	73.274	70.924	71.410	71.764	73.994	72.160	72.182	72.707	75.281	5.403**
果枝节位SBN	6.532	6.491	6.355	6.493	6.464	6.377	6.563	6.459	6.484	6.405	4.724**
纺纱均匀性指数SCI	137.087	132.173	127.293	133.401	131.791	124.857	139.234	154.121	132.454	143.795	46.108**
短绒率SFI	5.065	5.390	5.574	5.269	5.395	5.420	5.148	4.443	5.331	4.663	24.228**
子指SI	11.677	11.583	11.526	12.004	12.136	11.832	11.515	12.349	11.574	11.194	7.084**

Table 2

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Table 5

Table 6

Fig. 1

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性状 Traits	最小值 Minimum	最大值 Maximum	均值 Mean	标准差 Standard deviation	方差 Variance	偏度 Skewness	峰度 Kurtosis	变异系数 Coefficient of variation (%)	上四分之一位数 Q1	下四分之一位数 Q3	多样性指数 H'
吐絮期BOD	124.903	143.797	133.870	2.720	7.396	0.026	1.315	2.031	132.462	135.382	2.019
开花期FD	66.619	76.051	72.190	1.386	1.922	-0.500	0.528	1.920	71.271	73.117	2.053
株高PH	56.812	87.718	72.638	4.348	18.909	-0.048	0.555	5.986	69.935	75.487	2.070
果枝节位SBN	5.904	7.770	6.456	0.174	0.030	0.431	4.774	2.699	6.354	6.572	2.044
铃数BN	9.142	18.224	12.678	1.287	1.658	0.221	0.567	10.156	11.795	13.482	2.068
单铃重BW	3.889	6.623	5.372	0.434	0.188	-0.140	0.259	8.076	5.101	5.658	2.068
果枝数FBN	10.442	11.919	11.207	0.216	0.047	-0.098	0.557	1.926	11.071	11.337	2.049
衣分LP	19.397	42.836	34.727	2.917	8.508	-0.244	1.149	8.400	32.876	36.614	2.056
子指SI	9.209	15.392	11.883	1.089	1.186	0.265	-0.056	9.164	11.078	12.567	2.077
伸长率FE	6.972	13.468	9.456	1.034	1.070	0.094	0.161	10.936	8.809	10.130	2.077
纤维长度FL	23.212	34.985	29.607	1.875	3.516	0.414	0.362	6.334	28.409	30.524	2.037
纤维整齐度FLU	79.915	87.204	84.649	0.958	0.918	-0.536	1.803	1.132	84.138	85.240	2.030
纤维强度FS	24.410	37.517	29.462	1.986	3.945	0.919	0.772	6.742	28.128	30.345	1.962
成熟度MAT	0.821	0.868	0.847	0.008	0.000	-0.186	-0.019	0.965	0.841	0.852	2.084
马克隆值MIC	3.587	5.676	4.580	0.336	0.113	-0.309	0.192	7.337	4.377	4.806	2.012
纺纱均匀性指数SCI	80.190	179.508	136.565	14.856	220.706	0.477	0.593	10.878	127.338	143.745	2.016
短绒率SFI	3.244	10.985	5.144	0.751	0.564	0.698	7.195	14.603	4.788	5.559	1.961

性状 Traits	铃数 BN	吐絮期 BOD	单铃重 BW	果枝数 FBN	开花期 FD	伸长率 FE	纤维长度 FL	纤维整齐度 FLU	纤维强度 FS	衣分 LP	成熟度 MAT	马克隆值 MIC	株高 PH	果枝节位 SBN	纺纱均匀性指数SCI	短绒率 SFI
吐絮期 BOD	-0.110**
单铃重 BW	-0.067	0.140**
果枝数 FBN	0.373**	-0.389**	-0.306**
开花期 FD	0.145**	0.727**	0.125**	-0.305**
伸长率 FE	0.042	0.059	0.105**	-0.129**	0.261**
纤维长度 FL	0.053	0.160**	-0.115**	0.014	-0.009	-0.503**
纤维整齐度 FLU	0.089*	0.162**	-0.026	-0.006	0.048	-0.338**
纤维强度 FS	-0.021	0.057	-0.131**	0.094*	-0.165**	-0.624**	0.806**	0.753**
衣分LP	0.331**	-0.108**	0.092*	0.052	0.052	0.127**	-0.028	0.151**	-0.051
成熟度 MAT	0.061	-0.227**	-0.009	0.223**	-0.293**	-0.580**	-0.133**	-0.110**	0.205**	0.154**
马克隆值 MIC	0.084*	-0.210**	0.111**	0.108**	-0.073	0.333**	-0.710**	-.0528**	-0.458**	0.290**	0.545**
株高PH	0.093*	0.183**	0.074	0.104**	0.292**	0.164**	-0.005	0.036	-0.053	0.071	-0.089*	0.055
果枝节位 SBN	0.066	0.544**	0.145**	-0.245**	0.652**	0.166**	0.099*	0.149**	-0.027	0.087*	-0.248**	-0.125**	0.342**
纺纱均匀性指数 SCI	0.008	0.154**	-0.104**	0.012	-0.036	-0.533**	0.957**	0.907**	0.903**	-0.043	-0.100*	-0.714**	-0.023	0.085*
短绒率 SFI	-0.035	-0.036	0.085*	-0.080*	0.107**	0.331**	-0.809**	-0.845**	-0.782**	-0.038	0.045	0.441**	-0.06	-0.016	-0.842**
子指SI	-0.299**	0.218**	0.468**	-0.187**	-0.081*	-0.290**	0.251**	0.191**	0.303**	-0.465**	-0.021	-0.312**	-0.148**	-0.034	0.302**	-0.196**

性状 Traits	特征向量1 PV1	特征向量2 PV2	特征向量3 PV3	特征向量4 PV4	特征向量5 PV5	特征向量6 PV6
铃数BN	-0.011	-0.055	0.464	0.044	0.051	0.231
吐絮期BOD	0.076	0.448	-0.038	0.186	-0.274	-0.146
单铃重BW	-0.038	0.175	-0.223	0.432	0.520	0.354
果枝数FBN	0.002	-0.311	0.282	-0.116	-0.236	0.486
开花期FD	-0.021	0.475	0.172	0.130	-0.218	-0.095
伸长率FE	-0.252	0.245	0.120	-0.314	0.349	0.100
纤维长度FL	0.416	0.018	0.075	-0.052	0.034	-0.023
纤维整齐度FLU	0.387	0.045	0.162	0.034	0.203	-0.040
纤维强度FS	0.390	-0.119	0.019	0.138	-0.070	-0.038
衣分LP	-0.046	-0.037	0.447	0.251	0.460	-0.291
成熟度MAT	-0.030	-0.344	0.019	0.593	-0.266	-0.119
马克隆值MIC	-0.313	-0.145	0.116	0.364	0.039	-0.039
株高PH	-0.015	0.195	0.269	0.105	-0.189	0.554
果枝节位SBN	0.033	0.427	0.184	0.164	-0.161	-0.006
纺纱均匀性指数SCI	0.432	0.003	0.047	-0.022	0.035	-0.025
短绒率SFI	-0.372	0.042	-0.124	0.004	-0.163	-0.057
子指SI	0.163	0.070	-0.490	0.196	0.075	0.359
特征值 E	5.278	3.030	2.119	1.492	1.134	0.996
方差贡献率 CR (%)	31.044	17.823	12.466	8.778	6.671	5.860
累积贡献率 CCR (%)	31.044	48.868	61.334	70.112	76.782	82.642

性状 Traits	F值高 F-low	F值低 F-high	相关系数 Correlation coefficient value
铃数BN	11.904b	12.969a	0.212**
吐絮期BOD	130.071b	136.304a	0.473**
单铃重BW	4.967b	5.363a	0.217**
果枝数FBN	11.289	11.222	-0.108**
开花期FD	70.201b	73.078a	0.426**
伸长率FE	9.657a	8.544b	-0.206**
纤维长度FL	26.516b	32.531a	0.765**
纤维整齐度FLU	82.727b	85.848a	0.822**
纤维强度FS	27.406b	32.232a	0.616**
衣分LP	32.373	33.142	0.191**
成熟度MAT	0.853a	0.845b	-0.217**
马克隆值MIC	4.984a	4.173b	-0.511**
株高PH	69.548b	75.688a	0.350**
果枝节位SBN	6.205b	6.595a	0.519**
纺纱均匀性指数SCI	112.010b	159.429a	0.774**
短绒率SFI	6.276a	4.010b	-0.706**
子指SI	11.476b	12.535a	0.228**
表型综合值F	0.369	0.638	1.000

性状 Traits	Ⅰ-Ⅰ	Ⅰ-Ⅱ	Ⅱ-Ⅰ	Ⅱ-Ⅱ	Ⅲ-Ⅰ	Ⅲ-Ⅱ	Ⅳ-Ⅰ	Ⅳ-Ⅱ
吐絮期BOD	136.086	134.776	134.509	134.637	132.304	129.857	133.732	132.636
开花期FD	73.251	72.305	72.611	72.595	70.863	70.090	72.315	71.615
株高PH	76.395	74.229	72.808	73.280	68.375	69.644	72.609	70.685
果枝节位SBN	6.639	6.502	6.508	6.512	6.245	6.202	6.456	6.352
铃数BN	13.006	12.742	12.838	13.052	11.657	12.226	12.662	12.093
单铃重BW	5.377	5.366	5.408	5.466	4.660	5.131	5.414	5.311
果枝数FBN	11.248	11.218	11.159	11.188	11.239	11.325	11.191	11.235
衣分LP	33.439	34.805	35.203	35.641	30.920	33.310	34.944	33.732
子指SI	12.383	12.324	11.787	11.978	10.982	11.641	11.695	11.720
伸长率FE	8.622	8.804	9.740	9.492	9.713	9.558	9.709	9.531
纤维长度FL	32.382	31.702	29.524	30.306	25.405	27.080	28.952	28.215
纤维整齐度FLU	85.901	85.651	84.713	85.105	81.457	83.282	84.338	83.868
纤维强度FS	32.203	31.640	29.281	29.964	26.539	27.743	28.501	28.314
成熟度MAT	0.844	0.846	0.845	0.846	0.854	0.852	0.846	0.849
马克隆值MIC	4.185	4.317	4.590	4.530	5.030	4.915	4.659	4.717
纺纱均匀性指数SCI	159.334	153.906	136.109	141.881	101.329	117.271	130.397	125.746
短绒率SFI	4.031	4.353	5.211	4.912	7.486	5.788	5.417	5.640
表型综合值 F	0.644	0.602	0.542	0.569	0.312	0.401	0.513	0.464

Comprehensive Evaluation of Phenotypic Characters of Nature Population in Upland Cotton

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