不同配置对辽西玉米‖花生间作系统氮素吸收利用的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.01.006

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study clarified the nitrogen absorption and utilization characteristics in maize-peanut intercropping by studying the nitrogen concentration, nitrogen uptake, nodulation of peanut and nitrogen distribution under different configurations, which provided a basis for regional screening and application of nitrogen efficient model of maize-peanut intercropping system. 【Method】 A field study with 10 treatments was conducted in National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment in Fuxin in 2015 and 2016, including four cropping systems, such as sole maize (M), sole peanut (P), intercropping system of 2 rows maize and 4 rows peanut (M2P4), and intercropping system of 4 rows maize and 4 rows peanut (M4P4). Each maize treatment included three maize planting densities (6, 9 and 12 plants/m²). The characteristics and advantages of nitrogen uptake and utilization in maize-peanut intercropping system with different configurations (row proportion and maize density) were analyzed. 【Result】 Compared with monocropping, the change of nitrogen concentration in maize and peanut plants was not significant, the yield and nitrogen yield of maize and peanut in intercropping was lower than that in monocropping due to the different proportion of land occupy, and was consistent with intercropping biomass performance. Maize-peanut intercropping significantly increased the system nitrogen uptake, nitrogen uptake equivalent ratio (NER)>1, which was mainly due to the nutrient absorption advantage of maize (pNER_m was 0.63-0.80). The NER was increased with the row and density of maize increasing. The nitrogen uptake under M4P4 pattern (NER 1.06-1.22) was significantly higher than that under M2P4 pattern (NER 1.0-1.06). In maize-peanut intercropping system, maize was more competitive than peanut (A_mp>0), and the competitive ability to absorb nitrogen was also stronger (CR_mp>1), and M4P4 pattern and maize densification could enhance maize competition for nitrogen and increase the advantage of nitrogen uptake (△NU>0) and the contribution of intercropping nutrients to yield. Intercropping with maize could promote nodule formation of peanut. The number of nodule, weight of nodule per plant and weight per nodule of peanut under M4P4 pattern were higher than those under M2P4 pattern, and medium and low planting density treatments were better for nodulation. The soil available nitrogen content (N_min) in the intercropping system was higher in the peanut strip than in the maize strip, and the N_min in the sole peanut strip was higher than that in the intercropped peanut strip, while the N_min in the sole maize strip was lower than that in the intercropped maize strip. 【Conclusion】 Maize-peanut intercropping could significantly improve the nitrogen uptake and utilization in the system, and maize contributed more to the system nitrogen uptake. Moderate increase of maize row ratio and density was beneficial to increase the nitrogen uptake equivalent ratio, enhance maize competition for nitrogen nutrition, and the contribution of intercropping nutrients to yield. In this study, M4P4-6 and M4P4-8 were the better pattern for maize-peanut intercropping. The promotion of maize-peanut intercropping on dry matter and peanut biological nitrogen fixation, as well as the competitive ability of maize to absorb nitrogen, were the important reasons for the advantages of maize-peanut intercropping in nitrogen utilization.

Key words: intercropping, configuration, maize, peanut, nitrogen uptake

FENG Chen,HUANG Bo,FENG LiangShan,ZHENG JiaMing,BAI Wei,DU GuiJuan,XIANG WuYan,CAI Qian,ZHANG Zhe,SUN ZhanXiang. Effects of Different Configurations on Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization Characteristics of Maize-Peanut Intercropping System in West Liaoning[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(1): 61-73.

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References 35

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序号No.	处理 Treatment	代号Code
1	单作花生 Sole peanut	P
2	单作玉米（密度6株/m²,即4 000株/亩） Sole maize (density 6 plants/m²)	M-4
3	单作玉米（密度9株/m²,即6 000株/亩） Sole maize (density 9 plants/m²)	M-6
4	单作玉米（密度12株/m²,即8 000株/亩） Sole maize (density 12 plants/m²)	M-8
5	玉米花生间作2:4（玉米密度6株/m²） Maize-peanut intercropping 2:4 (maize density 6 plants/m²)	M2P4-4
6	玉米花生间作2:4（玉米密度9株/m²） Maize-peanut intercropping 2:4 (maize density 9 plants/m²)	M2P4-6
7	玉米花生间作2:4（玉米密度12株/m²） Maize-peanut intercropping 2:4 (maize density 12 plants/m²)	M2P4-8
8	玉米花生间作4:4（玉米密度6株/m²） Maize-peanut intercropping 4:4 (maize density 6 plants/m²)	M4P4-4
9	玉米花生间作4:4（玉米密度9株/m²） Maize-peanut intercropping 4:4 (maize density 9 plants/m²)	M4P4-6
10	玉米花生间作4:4（玉米密度12株/m²） Maize-peanut intercropping 4:4 (maize density 12 plants/m²)	M4P4-8

年份 Year	间作配置 Configuration	玉米氮产量 N yield of maize (kg·hm^-2)		花生氮产量 N yield of peanut (kg·hm^-2)		氮吸收当量比 NER
年份 Year	间作配置 Configuration	间作 Intercropping	单作 Sole	间作 Intercropping	单作Sole	pNER_m	pNER_p	NER
2015	M2P4-4	103.6	157.5	67.4	201.7	0.66	0.34	1.00
	M2P4-6	122.4	175.5	66.2		0.70	0.33	1.03
	M2P4-8	127.9	180.2	70.2		0.71	0.36	1.07
	M4P4-4	101.2	157.5	77.3		0.64	0.39	1.03
	M4P4-6	121.6	175.5	80.4		0.69	0.41	1.10
	M4P4-8	144.1	180.2	77.8		0.80	0.39	1.19
	SE	8.78	5.40	2.77	18.3	0.040	0.037	0.065
2016	M2P4-4	101.9	154.7	66.5	196.7	0.66	0.34	1.00
	M2P4-6	108.1	164.9	67.5		0.66	0.35	1.00
	M2P4-8	115.3	160.5	66.4		0.72	0.34	1.06
	M4P4-4	96.3	154.7	93.5		0.62	0.48	1.10
	M4P4-6	113.5	164.9	90.7		0.69	0.46	1.15
	M4P4-8	128.5	160.5	86.5		0.80	0.44	1.24
	SE	8.04	6.03	5.37	7.46	0.033	0.038	0.063
2015-2016	M2P4-4	102.7	156.1	66.9	199.2	0.66	0.34	1.00
	M2P4-6	115.3	170.2	66.9		0.68	0.34	1.02
	M2P4-8	121.6	170.4	68.3		0.71	0.35	1.06
	M4P4-4	98.7	156.1	85.4		0.63	0.43	1.06
	M4P4-6	117.6	170.2	85.5		0.69	0.43	1.12
	M4P4-8	136.3	170.4	82.2		0.80	0.42	1.22
	SE	5.84	4.64	3.34	8.92	0.024	0.026	0.042
P值 P value	行比Row proportion (R)	0.3715	1.0000	0.0000	—	0.2336	0.0003	0.0031
	密度Density (D)	0.0001	0.0055	0.9483	—	0.0002	0.9926	0.0446
	行比×密度 (R×D)	0.2813	1.0000	0.7175	—	0.0747	0.8467	0.5915

年份 Year	间作配置 Configuration	氮吸收优势 N absorption advantage (△NU)	氮利用效率优势 N use efficiency advantage		竞争能力 Aggressivity (A_mp)	氮竞争比率 Competitive rate (CR_mp)	优势贡献 Contribution (C)
年份 Year	间作配置 Configuration	氮吸收优势 N absorption advantage (△NU)	△NUEb	△NUEy	竞争能力 Aggressivity (A_mp)	氮竞争比率 Competitive rate (CR_mp)	优势贡献 Contribution (C)
2015-2016	M2P4-4	-7.86	49.33	47.42	1.762	0.975	0.13
	M2P4-6	-3.35	38.07	39.55	1.266	0.991	0.06
	M2P4-8	0.83	46.39	26.96	1.149	1.06	0.15
	M4P4-4	3.79	8.76	45.86	1.173	1.491	0.12
	M4P4-6	10.64	13.28	21.06	0.772	1.596	0.18
	M4P4-8	18.60	7.06	1.23	0.699	1.942	0.17
	SE	5.20	4.54	17.8	0.334	0.093	0.023
P值 P value	行比Row proportion (R)	0.0019	0.0000	0.3018	0.0709	0.0000	0.0219
	密度 Density (D)	0.0944	0.7509	0.2046	0.2368	0.0179	0.1312
	行比×密度 (R×D)	0.8391	0.1720	0.7857	0.9775	0.1355	0.0179

不同模式/配置 Planting pattern/Configuration		根瘤数量 Nodule number (No./plant)	单株根瘤重 Nodule weight (mg/plant)	单个瘤重 Weight per nodule (mg/nodule)
单作花生Sole peanut		8±5B	9.0±0.9B	1.23±0.13A
M2P4-4		6±3b	4.17±1.9b	0.74±0.16a
M2P4-6		30±4a	26.5±6.4a	0.83±0.11a
M2P4-8		11±5b	11.7±5.3ab	0.74±0.24a
平均值Mean		16±3B	14.1±3.7B	0.77±0.07B
M4P4-4		40±6a	46.2±11.1a	1.10±0.14a
M4P4-6		21±7b	22.0±6.7b	1.12±0.10a
M4P4-8		23±5b	24.3±5.1b	1.09±0.12a
平均值Mean		28±3A	30.8±3.7A	1.11±0.07A
P值 P value	模式Configuration(C)	0.004	0.003	0.003
	密度Density (D)	0.208	0.481	0.863
	模式×密度（C×D）	0.001	0.004	0.945

Effects of Different Configurations on Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization Characteristics of Maize-Peanut Intercropping System in West Liaoning

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