Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2022, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (4): 680-691.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.04.005

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY·AGRICULTURE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Accumulated Temperature Requirement for Field Stalk Dehydration After Maize Physiological Maturity in Different Planting Regions

HUANG ZhaoFu(),LI LuLu(),HOU LiangYu,GAO Shang,MING Bo,XIE RuiZhi,HOU Peng,WANG KeRu,XUE Jun(),LI ShaoKun()   

  1. Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081
  • Received:2021-04-09 Accepted:2021-07-05 Online:2022-02-16 Published:2022-02-23
  • Contact: Jun XUE,ShaoKun LI E-mail:huangzhaofu123@126.com;1044330186@qq.com;xuejun5519@126.com;lishaokun@caas.cn

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Abstract:

【Objective】Under the background of mechanical grain harvesting, the purpose of this study was to determine the accumulated temperature requirements of maize in different planting regions after physiological maturity by dehydration to the suitable harvest date, so as to provide the theoretical guidance for selecting suitable grain harvesting varieties, and rationally arrange agricultural operations and improve mechanical utilization efficiency in each planting region. 【Method】From 2014 to 2018, 141 maize varieties with different maturity periods selected to observe the dynamic changes of grain moisture content at typical test points in the northwest maize region (NW), the north maize region (NM) and Huang-huai-hai maize region (HM). Combining with meteorological date, the accumulated temperature requirements of maize field stalk dehydration to 25% and 20% grain moisture content after the physiological maturity were analyzed in different production regions. 【Result】The grain moisture content was different at physiological maturity in different production regions. The average grain moisture content was 28.5%, 29.9% and 29.6% in HM, NW and NM, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that there was no significant correlation between the growth period of different varieties and the grain moisture content at physiological maturity. The accumulated temperature of grain moisture content from physiological maturity to 25%, 20% and grain moisture content at physiological maturity were used as indexes. By using the two-way average method, the tested varieties were divided into 4 types, including low accumulated temperature demand and high moisture content (I), high accumulated temperature demand and high moisture content (II), low accumulated temperature demand and low moisture content (III), and high accumulated temperature and low moisture content (IV). For the northwest China, north China and northeast China, III and IV could be selected, but IV varieties needed to reserve enough accumulated temperature to dehydrate in the field. While the summer maize with growing twice a year in the Huanghuaihai region, III varieties could better coordinate the production and allocation of wheat and maize, and make full use of the excess temperature that could be used for grain dehydration. 【Conclusion】 Because of different dehydrating conditions such as temperature, the days when grain moisture content from physiological maturity to 25%, 20% showed that the northwest maize region was longer than the north maize region and Huang-huai-hai maize region. Grain moisture content and harvest quality can be effectively reduced by selecting the accumulated temperature varieties suitable for different regions and scientifically setting the harvest date.

Key words: maize, physiological maturity, grain moisture content, stand stalk dehydration, accumulated temperature requirements, mechanical grain harvesting

Table 1

Maize varieties planted in different regions"

区域 Region 玉米品种名称 Maize cultivar
西北灌溉春玉米区
The northwest maize
region (NW)		 矮单268、登海113、登海117、登海119、登海1733、登海318、登海1786、登海1769、登海105、登海177、登海1739、KWS3376、KWS3564、KWS9384、KWS01、新玉27、新玉30、新玉32、新玉47、新玉65、新玉69、新玉77、陕单628、陕单636、陕单650、陕单16、锦华150、农华205、农华213、农华106、YY119、银玉274、YY137、银玉369、宁玉524、宁玉525、联创808、联创825、泽玉501、泽玉8911、先玉335、京科968、中农777、M753、M751、丰垦139、真金323、真金308、MC670、北斗309、金珠58、利单295、辽单575、辽单585、辽单586、豫单9953、增玉1317、增玉1572、郑单528、郑单958、郑单309、郑单1002、东单913、正泰101、德丰586、富尔116、九玉Y02、吉单66、吉单558
Aidan268(AD268), Denghai113(DH113), Denghai117(DH117), Denghai119(DH119), Denghai1733(DH1733), Denghai318 (DH318), Denghai1786(DH1786), Denghai1769(DH1769), Denghai105(DH105), Denghai177(DH177), Denghai1739(DH1739), KWS3376, KWS3564, KWS9384, KWS01, Xinyu27(XY27), Xinyu30(XY30), Xinyu32(XY32), Xinyu47(XY47), Xinyu65(XY65), Xinyu69(XY69), Xinyu77(XY77), Shandan628(SD628), Shandan636(SD636), Shandan650(SD650), Shandan16(SD16), Jinhua150 (JH150), Nonghua205(NH205), Nonghua213(NH213), Nonghua106(NH106), YY119, Yinyu274(YY274), YY137, Yinyu369(YY369), Ningyu524 (NY524), Ningyu525(NY525), Lianchuang808(LC808), Lianchuang825(LC825), Zeyu501(ZY501), Zeyu8911(ZY8911), Xianyu335(XY335), Jingke968(JK968), Zhongnong777(ZN777), M753, M751, Fengken139(FK139), Zhenjin323(ZJ323), Zhenjin308(ZJ308), MC670, Beidou309(BD309), Jinzhu58(JZ58), Lidan295(LD295), Liaodan575(LD575), Liaodan585(LD585), Liaodan586(LD586), Yudan9953(YD9953), Zengyu1317(ZY1317), Zengyu1572(ZY1572), Zhengdan528 (ZD528), Zhengdan958 (ZD958), Zhengdan309(ZD309), Zhengdan1002(ZD1002), Dongdan913(DD913), Zhengtai101(ZT101), Defeng586(DF586), Fuer116(FE116), JiuyuY02(JYY02), Jidan66(JD66), Jidan558(JD558)
北方春玉米区
The north maize
region (NM)		 A6565、BY1、KX9384、M751、丹玉311、德美亚1号、德美亚2号、德美亚3号、德育919、登海739、登海769、登海786、迪卡159、迪卡517、东单1331、东单6531、东单913、敦玉323、丰垦139、富育968、禾田4号、宏硕899、宏玉236、华美1号、吉单1402、吉单66、吉单68、吉单898、吉单96、吉农大935、京农科728、京科968、利单295、粒收1号、联创825、辽单585、辽单586、农大239、农华103、农华213、农华803、瑞普909、陕单620、陕单636、铁研388、铁研58、先玉1321、先玉335、翔玉998、鑫鑫1号、银玉123、银玉274、银玉439、优迪919、泽玉501、泽玉8911、增玉1572、郑单958、中单107、中迪702、中迪710
A6565, BY1, KX9384, M751, Danyu311(DY311), Demeiya1(DMY1), Demeiya2(DMY2), Demeiya3(DMY3), Deyu919(DY919), Denghai739(DH1739), Denghai769(DH769), Denghai786(DH786), Dika159(DK159), Dika517(DK517), Dongdan1331(DD1331), Dongdan6531(DD6531), Dongdan913(DD913), Dunyu323(DY323), Fengken139(FK139), Fuyu968(FY968), Hetian4(HT4), Hongshuo899(HS899), Hongyu236(HY236), Huamei1(HM1), Jidan1402(JD1402), Jidan66(JD66), Jidan68(JD68), Jidan898 (JD898), Jidan96(JD96), Jinongda935(JND935), Jingnongke728(JNK728), Jingke968(JK968), Lidan295(LD295), Lishou1(LS1), Lianchuang825(LC825), Liaodan585(LD585), Liaodan586(LD586), Nongda239(NH239), Nonghua103(NH103), Nonghua213 (NH213), Nonghua803(NH803), Rupu909(RP909), Shandan620(SD620), Shandan636(SD636), Tieyan388(TY388), Tieyan58 (TY58), Xianyu1321(XY1321), Xianyu335(XY335), Xiangyu998(XY998), Xinxin1(XX1), Yinyu123(YY123), Yinyu274(YY274), Yinyu439(YY439), Youdi919(YD919), Zeyu501(ZY501), Zeyu8911(ZY8911), Zengyu1572(ZY1572), Zhengdan958(ZD958), Zhongdan107(ZD107), Zhongdi702(ZD702), Zhongdi710(ZD710)
黄淮海夏玉米区
The Huang-huai-hai
maize region (HM)		 KWS1568、KWS3564、M751、MC670、北斗309、丹玉8201、登海618、迪卡517、迪卡519、迪卡653、东单913、丰垦139、富育5152、恒育898、户玉3518、华美1号、吉单66、金通152、锦华207、锦华318、京农科728、利单295、联创805、联创808、联创825、辽单575、辽单585、辽单586、辽单588、宁玉721、农华101、农华5号、农华816、陕单636、陕单650、先玉335、先玉696、新单58、新单65、新单68、新玉77、宇玉30、裕丰303、豫单9953、泽玉501、泽玉8911、真金308、真金323、真金8号、郑单958、中单909、中科玉505、中种8号
KWS1568, KWS3564, M751, MC670, Beidou309(BD309), Danyu8201(DY8201), Denghai618(DH618), Dika517(DK517), Dika519(DK519), Dika653(DK653), Dongdan913(DD913), Fengken139(FK139), Fuyu5152(FY5152), Hengyu898(HY898), Huyu3518(HY3518), Humei1(HM1), Jidan66(JD66), Jintong152(JT152), Jinhua207(JH207), Jinhua318(JH318), Jingnongke728 (JNK728), Lidan295(LD295), Lianchuang805(LC805), Lianchuang808(LC808), Lianchuang825(LC825), Liaodan575(LD575), Liaodan585(LD585), Liaodan586(LD586), Liaodan588(LD588), Ningyu721(NY721), Nonghua101(NH101), Nonghua5(NH5), Nonghua816(NH816), Shandan636(SD636), Shandan650(SD650), Xianyu335(XY335), Xianyu696(XY696), Xindan58(XD58), Xindan65(XD65), Xindan68(XD68), Xinyu77(XY77), Yuyu30(YY30), Yufeng303(YF303), Yudan9953(YD9953), Zeyu501 (ZY501), Zeyu8911(ZY8911), Zhenjin308(ZJ308), Zhenjin323(ZJ323), Zhenjin8(ZJ8), Zhengdan958(ZD958), Zhongdan909 (ZD909), Zhongkeyu505(ZKY505), Zhongzhong8(ZZ8)

Table 2

Test year, number of test varieties, and date of determination in the experimental sites"

区域
Region		 地点
Site		 年份
Year		 测试品种数
Number of varieties tested		 开始日期
Start date (M-D)		 结束日期
End date (M-D)
西北灌溉春玉米区
NW		 奇台 Qitai 2016 33 07-15 10-8
2017 18 07-20 11-20
2018 16 07-17 11-10
昌吉 Changji 2017 12 07-15 10-15
伊犁 Yili 2017 20 07-20 10-10
北方春玉米区
NM		 永宁 Yongning 2018 30 07-28 11-30
铁岭 Tieling 2017 19 07-26 10-21
2018 18 08-05 11-05
大庆 Daqing 2016 8 08-01 12-04
2017 20 08-10 12-09
黄淮海夏玉米区
HM
新乡 Xinxiang 2015 11 08-16 11-14
2016 17 08-14 10-17
2017 36 08-18 12-26
北京 Beijing 2014 8 08-01 11-02
2017 12 08-18 12-15

Table 3

Growth process of varieties in different regions"

区域
Region		 地点
Site		 年份
Year		 播种日期
Sowing date (M-D)		 吐丝日期
Silking date (M-D)		 生理成熟日期
Physiological maturity date (M-D)		 生育期
Growth period (d)		 极差
Range
(d)
西北灌溉春玉米区
NW		 奇台 Qitai 2016 04-14 07-01-07-18 09-08-09-29 148-169 21
2017 04-22 07-01-07-17 09-13-09-29 144-169 25
2018 04-17 07-10-07-17 09-27-10-10 163-176 13
昌吉 Changji 2017 05-05 07-03-07-12 08-25-09-15 112-133 21
伊犁 Yili 2017 04-25 07-07-07-12 09-12-10-02 140-160 20
北方春玉米区
NM		 永宁 Yongning 2018 04-28 07-13-07-20 09-04-09-28 129-154 25
铁岭 Tieling 2017 04-28 07-08-07-19 09-09-10-03 134-158 24
2018 05-04 07-14-07-24 09-24-10-10 143-159 16
大庆 Daqing 2016 04-28 07-20-08-02 09-13-10-11 138-167 29
2017 05-08 07-17-08-02 09-20-10-22 134-158 24
黄淮海夏玉米区
HM
新乡 Xinxiang 2015 06-16 07-23-08-10 09-23-10-19 99-125 26
2016 06-04 07-23-07-31 09-05-09-28 93-116 23
2017 06-18 08-02-08-10 09-22-10-26 96-130 34
北京 Beijing 2014 06-01 07-21-08-04 09-13-09-27 104-118 14
2017 06-18 08-03-08-12 10-01-10-20 105-124 19

Fig. 1

Moisture content of maize at physiological maturity and the days of dehydration to 25% and 20% moisture content The main box called the quartile interval (IQR), it contains the distribution area of fifty percent samples in Box-whisker Plot. The two sidelines mean the reasonable sample border in Tukey method. The black solid line in box positions the median sample. The red hidden line stands for the average. The black circle stands for the outlier. GMC represents grain moisture content, and PM represents physiological maturity. The same as below"

Fig. 2

Moisture content at physiological maturity and the days of dehydration to 25% moisture content of different varieties"

Fig. 3

Relationship between growth period of tested maize varieties and moisture content during physiological maturity ns represents no significant difference"

Fig. 4

Relationships between moisture content at physiological maturity and accumulated temperature from dehydrating to 25% and 20% moisture content"

Table 4

The variety classificationin different regions when the moisture content of grain decreased to 25%"

区域
Region		 类型
Type		 项目 Item
生理成熟至含水率25% GMC decreased from PM to 25% 生理成熟至含水率20% GMC decreased from PM to 25%
西北灌溉
春玉米区
NW		 I 郑单528、辽单575、真金323、辽单585、登海1769、新玉27、真金308、MC670、利单295、东单913、陕单628、泽玉501
ZD528, LD575, ZJ323, LD586, DH1769, XY27, ZJ308, MC670, LD295, DD913, SD628, ZY501		 辽单586、宁玉524、YY119、郑单958、中农777、登海1769、郑单1002、MC670、富尔116、陕单628、九玉Y02、泽玉501
LD586, NY524, YY119, ZD958, ZN777, DH1769, ZD1002, MC670, FE116, SD628, JYY02, ZY501
II 辽单586、宁玉524、YY119、M751、郑单958、中农777、登海177、新玉69、富尔116、金珠58、登海1786、郑单1002、丰垦139、农华106、正泰101、KWS01、银玉274、新玉77、新玉47、九玉Y02、锦华150、登海113
LD586, NY524, YY119, M751, ZD958, ZN777, DH177, XY69, FE116, JZ58, DH1786, ZD1002, FK139, NH106, ZT101, KWS01, YY274, XY77, XY47, JYY02, JH150, DH113		 中农777、新玉27、登海177、真金308、新玉69、金珠58、登海1786、丰垦139、东单913、农华106、新玉77
ZN77, XY27, DH177, ZJ308, XY69, JZ58, DH1786, FK139, DD913, NH106, XY77
III 登海318、YY137、登海119、豫单9953、北斗309、德丰586、新玉32、联创808、银玉369、京科968、增玉1572、新玉65、联创825、农华213、陕单16、矮单268、先玉335、泽玉8911、农华205、吉单66、吉单558、KWS3376、登海1739、新玉30、增玉1317
DH318, YY137, DH119, YD9953, BD309, DF586, XY32, LC808, YY369, JK968, ZY1572, XY65, LC825, NH213, SD16, AD268, XY335, ZY8911, NH205, JD66, JD558, KWS3376, DH1739, XY30, ZY1317		 登海318、YY137、豫单9953、德丰586、联创808、联创825、农华213、KWS9384、先玉335、泽玉8911、吉单558、新玉30、增玉1317
DH318, YY137, YD9953, DF586, LC808, LC825, NH213, KWS9384, XY335, ZY8911, JD558, XY30, ZY1317
IV 登海105、KWS9384、KWS3564、陕单650、银玉439
DH105, KWS9384, KWS3564, SD650, YY439		 北斗309、新玉32、登海105、新玉65、陕单16、吉单66、陕单650、KWS3376、登海1739
BD309, XY32, DH105, XY65, SD16, JD66, SD650, KWS3376, DH1739
北方春
玉米区
NM		 I 银玉123、富育968、泽玉8911、先玉335、泽玉501、优迪919、A6565、农华103、禾田4号、银玉439、德美亚2号、京科968、德育919、登海739
YY123, FY968, ZY8911, XY335, ZY501, YD919, A6565, NH103, HT4, YY439, DMY2, JK968, DY919, DH739		 禾田4号、登海739、德美亚3号、增玉1572、京科968、辽单585、德美亚2号、银玉439、A6565、优迪919、先玉335、富育968、德美亚1号、银玉123
HT4, DH739, DMY3, ZY1572, JK968, LD585, DMY2, YY439, A6565, YD919, XY335, FY968, DMY1, YY123
II 宏硕899、BY1、敦玉323、京农科728、铁研58、吉单96、辽单586、粒收1号、辽单585、增玉1572、农华803、吉单898、利单295
HS899, BY1, DY323, JNK728, TY58, JD96, LD586, LS1, LD585, ZY1572, NH803, JD898, LD295		 利单295、泽玉501、辽单586、泽玉8911、京农科728、BY1、丰垦139
LD295, ZY501, LD586, ZY8911, JNK728, BY1, FK139
III 中迪702、宏玉236、M751、迪卡517、东单1331、铁研388、辽单575、吉单66、瑞普909、鑫鑫1号、银玉274、翔玉998、迪卡159、吉农大935、吉单68、东单6531、德美亚1号
ZD702, HY236, M751, DK517, DD1331, TY388, LD575, JD66, RP909, XX1, YY274, XY998, DK159, JND935, JD68, DD6531, DMY1		 丹玉311、东单6531、迪卡159、联创825、翔玉998、瑞普909、吉单66、辽单575、铁研388、东单1331、迪卡517、先玉1321、M751、华美1号、农华213、中迪702
DY311, DD6531, DK159, LC825, XY998, RP909, JD66, LD575, TY388, DD1331, DK517, XY1321, M751, HM1, NH213, ZD702
IV 农华213、KX9384、吉单1402、农大239、华美1号、先玉1321、中单107、登海786、东单913、联创825、陕单636、陕单620、丹玉311、郑单958、登海769、丰垦139
NH213, KX9384, JD1402, ND239, HM1, XY1321, ZD107, DH786, DD913, LC825, SD636, SD620, DY311, ZD958, DH769, FK139		 登海769、郑单958、陕单620、陕单636、银玉274、东单913、登海786、KX9384、宏玉236
DH769, ZD958, SD620, SD636, YY274, DD913, DH786, KX9384, HY236
黄淮海
夏玉米区
HM
I 陕单636、禾田1号、泽玉501、联创805、农华816、辽单586
SD636, HT1, ZY501, LC805, NH816, LD586		 农华5号、利单295、陕单636、郑单958、泽玉501、吉单66、联创805、KWS3564、辽单586、MC670、M751
NH5, LD295, SD636, ZD958, ZY501, JD66, LC805, KWS3564, LD586, MC670, M751
II 东单913、郑单958、中单909、新单58、真金323、吉单66、恒育898、宇玉30、富育5152、北斗309、登海618、户玉3518、MC670、辽单585、M751、丰垦139
DD913, ZD958, ZD909, XD58, ZJ323, JD66, HY898, YY30, FY5152, BD309, DH618, HY3518, MC670, LD585, M751, FK139		 东单913、中单909、新单58、禾田1号、真金323、恒育898、农华816、宇玉30、富育5152、北斗309、登海618、户玉3518、辽单585、丰垦139
DD913, ZD909, XD58, TH1, ZJ323, HY898, NH816, YY30, FY5152, BD309, DH618, HY3518, LD585, FK139
III 联创808、迪卡517、华美1号、宁玉721、先玉335、新单65、迪卡653、金通152、锦华318、陕单650、裕丰303、农华101、真金308、中科玉505、丹玉8201、豫单9953、农华5号
LC808, DK517, HM1, NY721, XY335, XD65, DK653, JT152, JH318, SD650, YF303, NH101, ZJ308, ZKY505, DY8201, YD9953, NH5		 联创808、迪卡517、华美1号、宁玉721、先玉335、新单65、迪卡653、金通152、锦华318、陕单650、新单68、农华101、真金308、中科玉505、丹玉8201、豫单9953
LC808, DK517, HM1, NY721, XY335, XD65, DK653, JT152, JH318, SD650, XD68, NH101, ZJ308, ZKY505, DY8201, YD9953
IV
辽单575、新单68、京农科728、泽玉8911、利单295
LD575, XD68, JNK728, ZY8911, LD295		 辽单575、裕丰303、京农科728、泽玉8911
LD575, YF303, JNK728, ZY8911
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