田间增温1.5℃对高纬度粳稻产量和品质的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.01.005

Abstract

Abstract:

【Background】 Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most important cereal crop in China. An importance rice cultivation location in high latitude in China is Northeast region due to its superior production area. This region accounts for over 50% high quality japonica rice production in China. However, for nearly half a century, the annual average temperature of this region has increased by 1.1℃, making it the most obvious region of climate warming in China. 【Objective】 To ensure the continuous production of high-yielding and good quality japonica rice, it is of great significance to assess the impact of climate warming on rice yield and grain quality in the Northeast region of China. 【Method】 A 2-year field warming experiment (1.5℃) with two japonica rice cultivars (Longdao 5 and Longdao 18) employed under a free air temperature increase (FATI) facility was conducted in Harbin city, Heilongjiang province. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of elevated temperature (ET) on rice growth period, grain yield, milled quality, appearance quality, nutrient and cooking quality. 【Result】 The results of the study showed that the growth duration of rice under ET was reduced by 6-7 days and 4-5 days when compared with CK in 2017 and 2018, respectively. This was as a result of the shortened duration from the transplanting stage to heading stage. The average yield of Longdao 5 and Longdao 18 for the two-year increased by 5.8% and 14.4%, respectively, mainly due to the increase in effective panicle number per unit area. The ET significantly decreased amylose content in the rice grain, but varied slightly in-terms of brown rice rate, milled rice rate, head rice rate and protein content. The peak viscosity, hot paste viscosity and cool paste viscosity increased under ET, while consistence viscosity decreased. There was no significant influence of elevated temperature on setback viscosity in both Longdao 5 and Longdao 18. 【Conclusion】 Based on the lower background air temperature, increasing temperature by 1.5℃ in the high latitude region of Northeast promoted japonica rice yield and cooking quality, however, the continued warming would increase the uncertainties of rice quality variation in the future.

Key words: Oryza sativa L., climate warming, free air temperature increase facility, high quality, yield, high latitude japonica rice planting area

DENG AiXing,LIU YouHong,MENG Ying,CHEN ChangQing,DONG WenJun,LI GeXing,ZHANG Jun,ZHANG WeiJian. Effects of 1.5℃ Field Warming on Rice Yield and Quality in High Latitude Planting Area[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(1): 51-60.

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年份 Year	处理Treatment	移栽至成熟 Transplanting to maturity			移栽至抽穗 Transplanting to heading stage			抽穗至成熟 Heading stage to maturity
年份 Year	处理Treatment	日均 Daily	白天 Daytime	夜间 Nighttime	日均 Daily	白天 Daytime	夜间 Nighttime	日均 Daily	白天 Daytime	夜间 Nighttime
2017	ET	23.6	26.9	20.5	24.2	27.0	21.2	23.1	26.8	19.7
	CK	22.0	25.9	18.2	23.2	26.4	19.8	21.0	25.4	16.7
	ΔT	1.6	1.0	2.3	1.0	0.6	1.4	2.1	1.4	3.0
2018	ET	22.8	24.8	20.7	24.7	25.7	21.7	22.8	23.7	19.3
	CK	21.5	23.8	19.2	23.7	24.9	20.3	21.4	22.4	17.9
	ΔT	1.3	1.0	1.4	1.0	0.8	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.4

年份 Year	品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	播种期 SD (M-D)	移栽期 TS (M-D)	拔节期 BS (M-D)	齐穗期 HS (M-D)	成熟期 MS (M-D)	全生育期 WGD (d)	播种—齐穗 SW to HS (d)	齐穗—成熟 HS to MS (d)
2017	龙稻5号 Longdao 5	ET	04-15	05-17	07-07	07-26	09-10	148	102	46
	龙稻5号 Longdao 5	CK	04-15	05-17	07-10	07-30	09-15	153	106	47
	龙稻18 Longdao 18	ET	04-15	05-17	07-04	07-20	09-05	143	96	47
	龙稻18 Longdao 18	CK	04-15	05-17	07-07	07-26	09-12	150	102	48
2018	龙稻5号 Longdao 5	ET	04-15	05-18	07-06	07-24	09-05	143	100	43
	龙稻5号 Longdao 5	CK	04-15	05-18	07-10	07-27	09-10	148	103	45
	龙稻18 Longdao 18	ET	04-15	05-18	07-08	07-27	09-08	146	103	43
	龙稻18 Longdao 18	CK	04-15	05-18	07-12	07-29	09-12	150	105	45

年份 Year	品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	产量 Yield (t·hm^-2)	穗数 Panicles (panicle/m²)	穗粒数 Spikelet per panicle	结实率 Grain setting rate (%)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)
2017	龙稻5号 Longdao 5	ET	9.1a	450.0a	97.9a	87.3a	23.8a
	龙稻5号 Longdao 5	CK	9.0a	430.6a	101.4a	84.7a	24.5a
	龙稻18 Longdao 18	ET	9.9a	425.0a	114.4a	85.3a	23.9a
	龙稻18 Longdao 18	CK	8.8a	391.7a	121.1a	75.3b	24.6a
2018	龙稻5号 Longdao 5	ET	8.4a	517.5a	63.6b	95.7a	24.9a
	龙稻5号 Longdao 5	CK	7.6a	438.3b	74.4a	94.7a	23.7a
	龙稻18 Longdao 18	ET	7.9a	434.5a	70.3a	94.0a	25.7a
	龙稻18 Longdao 18	CK	6.8a	430.7a	79.7a	94.7a	24.0b
F值F-value
年份Year (Y)			17.1**	6.1*	126.0**	51.8**	1.8
品种Cultivar (C)			0	9.5**	13.6**	4.1	1.8
温度Temperature (T)			2.8	7.3*	5.4*	4.1	2.1
Y×C			0.4	0.3	3.4	2.3	0.8
Y×T			0.1	0.4	0.6	3.7	16.5**
C×T			0	1.5	0	0.8	0.3
Y×C×T			1.8	3.2	0.1	2	0.2

年份 Year	品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	糙米率 Brown rice rate (%)	精米率 Milled rice rate (%)	整精米率 Head rice rate (%)	垩白粒率 Chalkness grain rate (%)	粒长 Grain length (cm)	粒宽 Grain width (cm)
2017	龙稻5号 Longdao 5	ET	81.2a	72.5a	64.4a	7.5a	4.1a	2.5a
	龙稻5号 Longdao 5	CK	80.7a	70.3a	66.4a	7.9a	4.3a	2.6a
	龙稻18 Longdao 18	ET	80.5a	69.9a	64.5a	7.7a	5.1a	2.3a
	龙稻18 Longdao 18	CK	78.5a	66.8b	62.7a	7.2a	5.2a	2.3a
2018	龙稻5号 Longdao 5	ET	82.9a	73.4a	70.2a	2.3a	4.2a	2.6a
	龙稻5号 Longdao 5	CK	82.9a	73.9a	68.2a	2.3a	4.2a	2.6a
	龙稻18 Longdao 18	ET	83.4a	73.2a	70.3a	2.0a	5.2a	2.4a
	龙稻18 Longdao 18	CK	82.9a	70.9a	68.8a	1.8a	5.1a	2.4a
F值F-value
年份Year (Y)			12.2**	8.2*	8.8*	212.5**	0	11.2*
品种Cultivar (C)			0.6	8.2*	2	0.8	335.3**	281.4**
温度Temperature (T)			0.9	1.2	0	0	2.4	2.1
Y×C			1.1	0.1	0	0.1	0	0.8
Y×T			0.4	1.3	0	0	3.1	6.9*
C×T			0.3	1.1	0	0.6	0.2	0.5
Y×C×T			0.1	1.9	2.1	0.2	0	0

年份 Year	品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	峰值黏度 PKV (cP)	热浆黏度 HPV (cP)	崩解值 BDV (cP)	最终黏度 CPV (cP)	回生值 CSV (cP)	消减值 SBV (cP)	起始糊化温度 PaT (℃)
2017	龙稻5号 Longdao 5	ET	2159a	1151a	1002a	2380a	1229a	221b	86.2a
	龙稻5号 Longdao 5	CK	1896b	1075b	820b	2267a	1192a	369a	87.7a
	龙稻18 Longdao 18	ET	2407a	1670a	732a	2855a	1185a	445b	89.6a
	龙稻18 Longdao 18	CK	2196a	1409b	785a	2690a	1281a	492a	89.3a
2018	龙稻5号 Longdao 5	ET	2505a	1215a	1289a	2432a	1217a	-72a	73.4a
	龙稻5号 Longdao 5	CK	2412a	1200a	1212a	2412a	1212a	0a	79.3a
	龙稻18 Longdao 18	ET	2653a	1576a	1077a	2807a	1230a	154a	75.9a
	龙稻18 Longdao 18	CK	2623a	1538a	1085a	2798a	1260a	175a	78.4a
F值F-value
年份Year (Y)			74.5**	3.2	192.9**	3.3	0.4	208.6**	38.9**
品种Cultivar (C)			26.1**	155.2**	45.6*	137.7**	4.1	72.1**	0.8
温度Temperature (T)			11.2**	9.8**	4.3	4.7*	2.6	10.8**	1.7
Y×C			1.1	1.5	0.1	1.0	0.1	0.4	0.2
Y×T			3.9	5.2	0.4	3.1	0.4	1.3	1.0
C×T			0.4	2.8	11.3**	0.1	10.3**	3.0	0.5
Y×C×T			0.0	1.7	2.5	0.2	3.6	0.3	0.0

Effects of 1.5℃ Field Warming on Rice Yield and Quality in High Latitude Planting Area

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