油菜轮作对后茬作物产量的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.14.009

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The aim of this study was to clarify the impact of rapeseed rotation on the yield of the next-stubble crops in the multiple cropping rotation area of the Yangtze River Basin, and to verify that it was a common phenomenon that rapeseed cultivation increased crop yield in the subsequent season, so as to provide a basis for rapeseed as an alternate husbandry crops to promote both yield of grain and oil, and yield stability. 【Method】 Field experiments with different crop rotation patterns were carried out in different areas of the Yangtze River Basin: in the upper Yangtze River, rapeseed-rice and wheat-rice rotation in Beibei (Chongqing), and rapeseed-maize and wheat-maize rotation in Yanting (Sichuan province) were selected; in the middle Yangtze River, rapeseed-rice and wheat-rice rotations, rapeseed-maize and wheat-maize rotations in Shayang (Hubei province), rapeseed-early rice and winter fallow-early rice-late rice rotations in Hengyang (Hunan province), rapeseed-rice and wheat-rice rotations in Xinyang (Henan province) were selected; in the lower Yangtze River, rapeseed-rice and wheat-rice rotations in Rugao (Jiangsu province) were selected. The differences in yield, yield components and nutrient uptake of rice or maize in the subsequent season of winter crop wheat (or winter fallow) and rapeseed at the same fertilization level were analyzed. 【Result】 Compared with that in wheat-rice rotation, the rice yield of rapeseed-rice rotation in Beibei, Shayang, Xinyang and Rugao increased by 323, 483, 1 569 and 569 kg·hm^-2, respectively, with increase rate of 4.6%, 6.6%, 17.3% and 6.0%, respectively. Compared with that in wheat-maize rotation, the maize yield of rapeseed-maize rotation in Yanting and Shayang increased by 487 and 579 kg·hm^-2, respectively, with increase rate of 7.0% and 14.8%, respectively. Compared with that in winter fallow-rice-rice rotation, the early rice and late rice yields of rapeseed-rice-rice rotation in Hengyang increased by 718 and 726 kg·hm^-2, respectively, with increase rate of 11.1% and 10.5%, respectively. Compared with the wheat-rice rotation, the rice panicle number and grains per panicle of rapeseed-rice rotation in Shayang and Xinyang increased by 7.0×10⁴, 27.7×10⁴ spikes/hm² and 18.1, 20.2 grains. Compared with the wheat-rice rotation, the rice biomass of the rapeseed-rice rotation in Shayang and Beibei increased by 1 711 and 2 625 kg·hm^-2, respectively, and the nitrogen accumulation increased by 23.9 and 23.2 kg·hm^-2, respectively. 【Conclusion】 In different planting areas in the Yangtze River Basin, rapeseed rotation could increase the yield and nutrient accumulation of next-stubble crops in different rotation patterns in varying planting areas in Yangtze River Basin, being a good alternate husbandry crop in a rotation.

Key words: rapeseed, rotation, aftereffect, soil productivity, high yield of grain and oil

ZHANG ShunTao, LU JianWei, CONG RiHuan, REN Tao, LI XiaoKun, LIAO ShiPeng, ZHANG YueQiang, GUO ShiWei, ZHOU MingHua, HUANG YiGuo, CHENG Hui. Effect of Rapeseed Rotation on the Yield of Next-Stubble Crops[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(14): 2852-2858.

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试验点 Site	处理 Treatment	穗数 Spike number (×10⁴ spike/hm²)	每穗粒数 Grain number per spike	结实率 Seed setting (%)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)
沙洋 Shayang	油-稻RR	252.0a	177.0a	93.2a	22.01a
沙洋 Shayang	麦-稻WR	245.0a	158.9b	89.4a	20.85a
信阳 Xinyang	油-稻RR	391.7a	98.0a	69.9a	24.28a
信阳 Xinyang	麦-稻WR	364.0b	77.8b	69.1a	24.47a

试验点 Site	处理 Treatment	生物量 Biomass (kg·hm^-2)	养分累积量 Total nutrient accumulation (kg·hm^-2)
试验点 Site	处理 Treatment	生物量 Biomass (kg·hm^-2)	N	P	K
沙洋 Shayang	油-稻RR	16930a	141.4a	29.5a	241.1a
沙洋 Shayang	麦-稻WR	15219b	118.5b	33.9a	229.3a
北碚 Beibei	油-稻RR	13022a	129.8a	32.8a	184.6a
北碚 Beibei	麦-稻WR	10396b	106.6b	25.2b	162.4a

Effect of Rapeseed Rotation on the Yield of Next-Stubble Crops

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