海南典型稻菜轮作区和香蕉园氮磷盈余及土壤硝态氮累积

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.15.010

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 Hainan is the province with a large area of rice-vegetable rotation and banana cultivation in China, but the nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizers input by farmers far exceed the nutrient requirements of crops, which may have a negative impact on Hainan's ecological environment. The aim of this study was to investigate the N and P surpluses, and soil nitrate accumulation in typical cropping systems in Hainan, thus to provide scientific basis for evaluating nutrient losses and their impacts and achieving sustainable nutrient management. 【Method】 In 2021-2022, a typical area for rice-vegetable rotation and banana cultivation in Chengmai, Hainan, was selected as the research area and 20 rice-vegetable rotation plots and 15 banana orchards were identified. The information of chemical and organic fertilizer application, straw returning method and amount of above fields were obtained by real-time record of farmers' agricultural activities, crop biomass and the nutrient content were determined at crop harvest, and other nutrient input include nutrient deposition and biological N fixation were obtained by literature survey. Five banana orchards were selected and soil was collected by soil auger method and nitrate N accumulation was measured in the 0-400 cm soil profile.【Result】 The N and P fertilizer inputs to the rice-vegetable rotation were 1 308 kg N·hm^-2 (975 kg N·hm^-2 of chemical and 333 kg N·hm^-2 of organic fertilizer) and 515 kg P·hm^-2 (385 kg P·hm^-2 of chemical and 130 kg P·hm^-2 of organic fertilizer); the aboveground N and P uptake of the crop were 248 kg N·hm^-2 and 48 kg P·hm^-2; the surplus of N and P in rice and vegetable rotation was 1 196 kg N·hm^-2 and 484 kg P·hm^-2. The N and P fertilizer inputs to banana orchards were 1 340 kg N·hm^-2 (1 293 kg N·hm^-2 of chemical and 47 kg N·hm^-2 of organic fertilizer) and 447 kg P·hm^-2 (442 kg P·hm^-2 of chemical and 5 kg P·hm^-2 of organic fertilizer); the aboveground N and P uptake were 242 kg N·hm^-2 and 23 kg P·hm^-2; the banana N and P surpluses were 1 271 kg N·hm^-2 and 435 kg P·hm^-2. The nitrate-N accumulation in the 0-400 cm soil profile of banana orchards was 1 131 kg N·hm^-2. 【Conclusion】 Excessive application of N and P fertilizers has led to the large nutrient surplus in typical soil-crop systems in Hainan, and large amount of nitrate-N has accumulated in banana orchard in the deep soil layer. Hainan produces typical high-value fruit and vegetables at the cost of large nutrient losses and negative environmental impacts, optimized nutrient management should be implemented to ensure its environmental safety.

Key words: rice-vegetable rotation, banana orchard, nitrogen and phosphorus surpluses, nitrate nitrogen accumulation, Hainan Province

ZHAO YongJian, ZHANG BoFei, ZHANG Chong, JU XiaoTang. Nitrogen and Phosphorus Surplus and Soil Nitrate Nitrogen Accumulation in Typical Rice-Vegetable Rotation and Banana Garden in Hainan[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(15): 2954-2965.

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References 35

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项目 Item	香蕉 Banana orchard (n=15)	稻菜轮作 Rice-vegetable rotation (n=11)	辣椒 Pepper (n=16)	水稻 Rice (n=11)
氮输入N inputs
化肥氮Chemical N fertilizer	1293±110a	975±93b	788±68b	110±11c
有机肥氮Manure N	47±15c	333±65a	272±54a	0
大气沉降氮N deposition	33	26.8	14.2	12.6
生物固氮 Biological fixation of nitrogen	15	18.5	7.5	11
秸秆还田氮 Straw turnover N	125±9a	91±5b	45±2c	44±3c
氮总投入Total input	1513±116a	1444±130a	1127±105a	178±10b
氮输出N outputs
作物携出氮Plant removed N	242±12a	248±8a	109±4b	135±7b
氮素盈余N surplus	1271±108a	1196±132a	1018±104a	43±15b

项目 Item	香蕉园 Banana orchard（n=15）	稻菜轮作 Rice-vegetable rotation (n=11)	辣椒 Pepper（n=16）	水稻 Rice（n=11）
磷输入P inputs
化肥磷Chemical P fertilizer	442±30a	385±42a	344±30a	8±8b
有机肥磷Manure P	5±1b	130±25a	107±21a	0
大气沉降磷P deposition	1	0.9	0.5	0.3
秸秆还田磷 Straw turnover P	10±1b	16±1a	11±1b	4.9±0.3c
磷总投入Total input	458±31a	532±55a	463±44a	13±8b
磷输出P outputs
作物携出磷Plant removed P	23±2c	48±2a	15±1d	32±2b
磷素盈余P surplus	435±31a	484±55a	448±43a	-19±8b

Nitrogen and Phosphorus Surplus and Soil Nitrate Nitrogen Accumulation in Typical Rice-Vegetable Rotation and Banana Garden in Hainan

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