巢湖流域磷肥减量施用对稻麦轮作体系作物产量和品质的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.19.009

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The aim of this study was to explore the effects of reduced phosphorus (P) application on crop yield and nutritional quality, so as to provide a theoretical basis for increasing the P use efficiency and producing high grain quality of crops under the rice-wheat crop rotation system in the Chaohu Lake Basin. 【Method】 A field trial of reduced P application rates was conducted from 2017 to 2019 with five treatments in the Chaohu Lake Basin, which were contrast (CK, No phosphorus), farmers’ application rate (P1, 90 kg P₂O₅·hm^-2), 10% P reduction (P2, 81 kg P₂O₅·hm^-2), 20% P reduction (P3, 72 kg P₂O₅·hm^-2), and 30% P reduction (P4, 63 kg P₂O₅·hm^-2). The effects of reduced P application rates on rice and wheat grain yield and its components, grain protein and fraction content, micronutrients and their bioavailability were analyzed. 【Result】 Compared with no P application, the P application significantly increased the grain yield of rice and wheat by 9.8% to 28.3% and 56.6% to 89.7%, respectively. The 10% and 20% P reduction treatments for rice and wheat grain yield were not significantly different from the farmers’ P fertilizer application (P>0.05). However, the rice yields under the 30% P reduction treatment were significantly decreased by 14.4%. Compared with the farmers’ P application rate, the P reduction treatments significantly affected the crop protein, gliadin and glutenin content, while which had no significant effect on structural protein (albumin and globulin); the P reduction of 20% reduced rice grain protein and glutenin content by 2.7% and 32.3%, respectively. Compared with farmers’ P application rate, the grain protein and glutenin content of rice and wheat under the 30% phosphorus reduction treatment reduced by 6.8% and 21.9%, 48.4% and 31.6%, respectively. Phosphorus application also significantly affected the micronutrients content and bioavailability in rice and wheat grains. Compared with the farmers’ P application rate, P reduction treatments increased iron (Fe), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) concentration in rice and wheat grains by 21.2% and 19.3%, 11.9% and 15.8%, 14.5% and 19.9%, respectively; meanwhile, P/Fe, P/Cu and P/Zn molar ratios also reduced by 21.6% and 26.3%, 20.6% and 27%, 17.7% and 21.3%, respectively. The grain zinc concentration of rice and wheat increased linearly with decreasing P application, while the iron, manganese (Mn) and Cu concentrations were no significant differences among the P reduction treatments. P/Zn molar ratio of rice reduced with lower P application, but the P/Fe, P/Mn and P/Cu molar ratios had no significant differences among P reduction treatments. The P/Fe, P/Mn, P/Cu and P/Zn molar ratios in wheat grains reduced with lower P application, and then increasing the bioavailability of Fe, Cu and Zn in wheat grains. 【Conclusion】 In the rice-wheat crop rotation area of the Chaohu Lake Basin, reduced P application by 20% (from 90 kg P₂O₅·hm^-2 reduction to 72 kg P₂O₅·hm^-2) could still ensure stable crop yields. The reduced application of P fertilizer significantly increased the micronutrients concentration and its bioavailability in rice and wheat grains, although the grain protein and glutenin content lower than the farmers’ P application rate. In conclusion, the P3 (20% reduction in P fertilizer application based on the farmers’ P application rate) was the recommended P fertilizer rate to achieve P use efficiency and double high (yield and quality) of crop production in the rice-wheat rotation areas of the Chaohu Lake Basin.

Key words: rice-wheat rotation, phosphate fertilizer reduction, protein components, micronutrient concentration, bioavailability

ZHANG XinYao,ZHANG Min,ZHU YuanPeng,HUI XiaoLi,CHAI RuShan,GAO HongJian,LUO LaiChao. Effects of Reduced Phosphorus Application on Crop Yield and Grain Nutritional Quality in the Rice-Wheat Rotation System in Chaohu Lake Basin[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(19): 3791-3806.

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References 61

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年份 Year	处理 Treatment	蛋白质含量 Protein content (%)	清蛋白含量 Albumin content (%)	球蛋白含量 Globulin content (%)	醇溶蛋白含量 Gliadin content (%)	谷蛋白含量 Glutenin content (%)
2017	CK	6.6±0.1c	0.8±0.2c	0.9±0.1b	2.0±0.3ab	2.2±0.1ab
	P1	7.6±0.3a	1.7±0.3a	1.0±0.1ab	1.3±0.3b	2.8±0.4a
	P2	7.3±0.1ab	1.3±0.5ab	1.0±0.1ab	2.7±0.5a	1.6±0.4b
	P3	7.3±0.2ab	1.8±0.3a	1.3±0.2a	1.6±0.6ab	1.9±0.5b
	P4	7.0±0.1b	1.4±0.3ab	1.2±0.1ab	2.6±0.2a	1.2±0.1b
2018	CK	6.7±0.2b	1.0±0.1a	0.6±0.1b	3.1±0.2a	1.8±0.1b
	P1	7.3±0.1a	0.5±0.2b	1.4±0.5a	1.9±0.2c	3.3±0.5a
	P2	7.2±0.1a	0.8±0.2ab	1.1±0.1a	2.3±0.1bc	2.5±0.3b
	P3	7.0±0.1a	1.1±0.1a	1.1±0.1a	2.5±0.5b	2.2±0.2b
	P4	6.8±0.1b	0.7±0.2ab	1.0±0.2a	2.6±0.2b	2.0±0.1b
平均 Average	CK	6.7±0.2c	0.9±0.1b	0.7±0.2b	2.5±0.7ab	2.0±0.1b
	P1	7.4±0.4a	1.1±0.3ab	1.2±0.4a	1.6±0.5b	3.1±0.2a
	P2	7.3±0.1a	1.0±0.1ab	1.1±0.1a	2.5±0.4ab	2.1±0.3b
	P3	7.2±0.3ab	1.4±0.2a	1.2±0.1a	2.1±0.3ab	2.1±0.3b
	P4	6.9±0.2bc	1.1±0.2ab	1.1±0.2a	2.6±0.1a	1.6±0.4b
年份Year (Y)		2.73ns	37.10**	0.44ns	7.23*	4.44*
处理Treatment (T)		7.54**	3.14*	7.37**	4.70**	7.06**
年份×处理Year×Treatment (Y×T)		0.51ns	5.84**	3.85*	2.74ns	1.71ns

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	蛋白质含量 Protein content (%)	清蛋白含量 Albumin content (%)	球蛋白含量 Globulin content (%)	醇溶蛋白含量 Gliadin content (%)	谷蛋白含量 Glutenin content (%)
2018	CK	10.6±0.5b	1.7±0.3a	1.4±0.1a	3.2±0.5b	3.6±0.1cd
	P1	14.5±1.2a	1.7±0.3a	1.5±0.1a	4.4±0.4a	5.3±0.2a
	P2	11.4±0.3b	1.8±0.3a	1.4±0.2a	3.3±0.3b	4.5±0.2b
	P3	10.5±0.4b	1.4±0.1a	1.4±0.1a	2.6±0.1b	3.8±0.3c
	P4	9.7±0.4b	1.4±0.2a	1.6±0.2a	3.1±0.1b	3.0±0.4d
2019	CK	10.5±0.1b	0.8±0.2a	0.6±0.1a	4.0±0.4b	4.1±0.2c
	P1	12.8±0.9a	1.1±0.2a	0.5±0.2a	4.2±0.3ab	6.1±0.1a
	P2	12.8±0.4a	1.0±0.1a	0.8±0.2a	4.9±0.3a	5.9±0.3a
	P3	11.6±0.3ab	1.1±0.1a	0.6±0.2a	4.1±0.1b	5.2±0.2b
	P4	11.6±0.2ab	1.0±0.1a	0.7±0.1a	4.5±0.2ab	4.9±0.1b
平均 Average	CK	10.5±0.2c	1.3±0.2a	1.0±0.2a	3.6±0.3ab	3.8±0.2d
	P1	13.7±0.8a	1.4±0.2a	1.0±0.2a	4.3±0.3a	5.7±0.2a
	P2	12.1±0.4b	1.4±0.5a	1.1±0.4a	4.1±0.4a	5.2±0.9b
	P3	11.0±0.3bc	1.3±0.2a	1.0±0.2a	3.3±0.3b	4.5±0.3c
	P4	10.7±0.5bc	1.2±0.3a	1.1±0.5a	3.8±0.3ab	3.9±0.4d
年份Year (Y)		2.16ns	23.64**	118.18**	28.77**	110.62**
处理Treatment (T)		10.74**	0.44ns	0.38ns	3.16*	39.45**
年份×处理Year×Treatment (Y×T)		3.20*	0.87ns	0.59ns	3.41*	4.52**

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	铁含量 Fe content (mg·kg^-1)	锰含量 Mn content (mg·kg^-1)	铜含量 Cu content (mg·kg^-1)	锌含量 Zn content (mg·kg^-1)
2017	CK	36.2±0.86a	74.9±8.04ab	3.6±0.11a	24.5±0.52a
	P1	25.2±0.43b	86.2±5.70a	3.4±0.27ab	17.8±1.14c
	P2	33.4±5.58a	75.4±3.56ab	3.4±0.09ab	20.7±0.35b
	P3	33.3±0.59a	77.7±4.36ab	2.9±0.21b	21.1±0.84b
	P4	31.3±0.61a	67.2±0.48b	3.0±0.10ab	23.0±0.47ab
2018	CK	34.2±0.75a	78.0±0.71bc	3.4±0.09a	20.0±0.55a
	P1	29.7±0.59b	119.3±3.04a	2.2±0.06c	16.5±0.25b
	P2	35.5±0.73a	83.0±2.06b	3.4±0.07a	16.7±0.26b
	P3	33.7±1.07a	74.2±1.34cd	3.1±0.10b	18.4±0.61a
	P4	32.9±1.25a	70.8±2.75d	3.0±0.09b	18.4±0.70a
平均 Average	CK	35.2±0.68a	76.5±3.67b	3.5±0.08a	22.3±1.06a
	P1	27.5±1.06b	102.8±7.94a	2.8±0.28b	17.2±0.60d
	P2	34.4±2.56a	79.2±2.50b	3.4±0.05a	18.7±0.92bcd
	P3	33.5±0.56a	76.0±2.19b	3.0±0.11ab	19.7±0.76bc
	P4	32.1±0.71a	69.0±1.49b	3.0±0.16ab	20.7±1.09b
年份Year (Y)		4.53*	59.75**	12.91**	0.02ns
处理Treatment (T)		5.33**	3.95*	4.08*	13.31**
年份×处理Year×Treatment (Y×T)		0.42ns	0.71ns	1.60ns	0.18ns

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	铁含量 Fe content (mg·kg^-1)	锰含量 Mn content (mg·kg^-1)	铜含量 Cu content (mg·kg^-1)	锌含量 Zn content (mg·kg^-1)
2018	CK	57.1±2.36a	78.2±5.54a	4.6±0.60a	47.5±0.83a
	P1	45.4±1.07b	63.4±3.23b	2.9±0.20c	31.6±2.07c
	P2	56.3±5.16a	68.5±2.72ab	3.6±0.26bc	30.7±2.32c
	P3	54.2±1.70a	70.9±4.33ab	3.9±0.51bc	38.2±3.43bc
	P4	58.2±4.53a	76.9±4.22ab	4.9±0.51a	43.1±2.01ab
2019	CK	54.0±1.73a	61.0±1.13a	5.4±0.39a	42.5±0.67a
	P1	44.9±0.72b	52.8±1.70b	4.7±0.27ab	34.8±1.62b
	P2	53.2±1.36a	54.6±0.44b	4.6±0.17b	35.0±1.02b
	P3	50.4±1.56a	56.0±1.42ab	4.6±0.25b	37.2±1.93ab
	P4	51.1±2.01a	56.3±2.89ab	4.9±0.17ab	40.7±2.96ab
平均 Average	CK	55.6±1.49a	69.6±4.61a	5.0±0.37a	45.0±1.22a
	P1	45.2±0.59b	58.1±2.87c	3.8±0.42b	33.2±1.37c
	P2	54.8±2.49a	61.6±3.35bc	4.1±0.25b	32.8±1.49c
	P3	52.3±1.33a	63.4±3.91abc	4.2±0.30b	37.7±1.77bc
	P4	54.7±2.73a	66.6±5.15ab	4.9±0.24a	41.9±1.69ab
年份Year (Y)		1.19ns	12.67**	9.19**	73.79**
处理Treatment (T)		5.05**	21.90**	10.77**	19.31**
年份×处理Year×Treatment (Y×T)		0.76ns	6.58**	6.89**	2.49ns

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	磷铁摩尔比 P/Fe	磷锰摩尔比 P/Mn	磷铜摩尔比 P/Cu	磷锌摩尔比 P/Zn
2017	CK	144.8±5.1b	70.5±8.1a	1640.9±74.8a	250.4±7.4b
	P1	202.6±2.9a	58.9±4.8a	1759.0±143.0a	339.3±24.8a
	P2	164.8±32.5ab	67.5±3.6a	1704.6±67.5a	291.0±6.5b
	P3	152.2±3.9ab	64.4±3.7a	2003.1±118.5a	281.5±5.0b
	P4	159.3±2.5ab	73.1±0.5a	1879.4±83.8a	254.3±7.5b
2018	CK	137.1±3.0c	59.1±0.5c	1576.0±41.7c	274.4±7.7c
	P1	200.2±7.6a	49.1±1.7d	3023.8±187.3a	422.4±17.0a
	P2	155.3±3.6b	65.3±1.4b	1835.6±41.5bc	385.9±7.4a
	P3	157.2±6.5b	70.1±1.8ab	1963.1±68.5b	336.9±10.7b
	P4	158.6±5.3b	72.4±2.4a	2006.8±41.8b	331.2±10.4b
平均 Average	CK	141.0±3.2b	64.8±4.4b	1608.5±41.0b	262.4±7.2d
	P1	201.4±3.7a	54.0±3.2a	2391.4±301.8a	380.9±22.9a
	P2	160.1±14.8b	66.4±1.8a	1770.1±46.0b	338.5±21.7b
	P3	154.7±3.6b	67.3±2.3a	1983.1±61.8ab	309.2±13.5bc
	P4	159.0±2.6b	72.8±1.1a	1943.1±50.7b	292.7±18.1d
年份Year (Y)		0.19ns	2.58ns	18.19**	78.63**
处理Treatment (T)		8.13**	7.30**	17.13**	28.74**
年份×处理Year×Treatment (Y×T)		0.13ns	1.91ns	15.41**	2.75ns

Effects of Reduced Phosphorus Application on Crop Yield and Grain Nutritional Quality in the Rice-Wheat Rotation System in Chaohu Lake Basin

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年份 Year	处理 Treatment	磷铁摩尔比 P/Fe	磷锰摩尔比 P/Mn	磷铜摩尔比 P/Cu	磷锌摩尔比 P/Zn
2018	CK	81.4±4.1c	59.1±5.7c	1179.1±157.2c	114.2±1.6b
	P1	133.9±12.2a	94.0±5.6a	2347.7±123.1a	225.7±20.5a
	P2	101.6±10.2b	81.0±4.7ab	1773.5±132.5b	217.8±22.1a
	P3	91.9±4.7bc	69.4±4.2bc	1493.5±154.8bc	154.1±10.6b
	P4	86.1±5.3bc	63.9±2.9c	1180.5±154.4c	135.3±4.2b
2019	CK	88.1±3.4b	76.7±3.0b	1002.3±66.6b	131.0±6.3b
	P1	122.3±7.0a	103.2±10.3a	1327.6±50.5a	186.0±15.6a
	P2	95.1±0.2b	91.2±2.6ab	1266.2±22.9a	169.5±4.1ab
	P3	96.0±7.0b	85.4±8.4b	1195.3±42.7ab	153.1±14.7ab
	P4	95.6±7.9b	85.6±7.6b	1143.0±98.0ab	142.5±18.8b
平均 Average	CK	84.8±2.8c	67.9±4.9d	1090.7±86.0c	122.6±4.8b
	P1	128.1±6.8a	98.6±5.6a	1837.6±235.7a	205.8±14.5a
	P2	98.3±4.8b	86.1±3.3b	1519.8±128.4b	193.7±14.8a
	P3	94.0±3.9bc	77.4±5.5bc	1344.4±98.0bc	153.6±8.1b
	P4	90.9±4.8bc	74.8±6.1cd	1161.8±82.2c	138.9±8.8b
年份Year(Y)		0.01ns	15.43**	33.52**	2.22ns
处理Treatment(T)		11.64**	7.73**	14.54**	13.31**
年份×处理Year×Treatment(Y×T)		0.84ns	0.39ns	5.91**	2.23ns

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