有机肥替代化肥对砂姜黑土区小麦-玉米轮作系统N2O排放的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.16.009

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 Under the condition of organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer, the relationship between nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions and soil environmental factors in wheat-maize rotation system of lime concretion black soil was researched, which could provide theoretical basis for greenhouse gas emission reduction from farmland. 【Method】 In this study, taking wheat-maize rotation system of lime concretion black soil as research object, the effects of no fertilization (CK), conventional fertilization (CF) and organic fertilizer-N replacing 20% or 40% of chemical fertilizer-N (R2FM and R4FM, organic fertilizer-N were applied in the wheat season) on N₂O emissions and environmental factors driving N₂O emissions were analyzed by the method of static box-gas chromatography and conventional soil parameter analysis. 【Result】 The wheat yields under R2FM and R4FM were significantly increased by 12.2% and 10.2% than those under CF, respectively, but there was no significant difference in the maize yields between fertilization treatments. Average annual N₂O emission fluxes under CK, CF, R2FM, and R4FM were 5.9, 50.3, 43.9 and 39.6 μg·m^-2·h^-1, with 3.1, 23.6, 25.0 and 26.4 μg·m^-2·h^-1 in the wheat season and 8.8, 77.0, 62.8 and 52.9 μg·m^-2·h^-1 in the maize season, respectively. Under fertilization treatments, N₂O emission fluxes were significantly positively correlated with soil NO₃^--N in the whole season, as well as soil temperature in the wheat season and soil water content in the maize season. Cumulative annual N₂O emissions were 2.38, 2.44 and 2.53 kg·hm^-2 for CF, R2FM and R4FM, which were significantly increased by 325%-354% in comparison to CK (0.56 kg·hm^-2), and the range of their emission factors was 0.40%-0.44%. However, there was no significant difference between cumulative annual N₂O emissions or N₂O-N emission factors under CF, R2FM and R4FM. Cumulative seasonal N₂O emissions were obviously different between fertilizer treatments, such as R2FM and R4FM significantly increased cumulative N₂O emissions by 28.3% and 62.6% in the wheat season in comparison to CF, and their N₂O-N emission factors (0.35% and 0.41%) were also significantly increased, but they significantly decreased cumulative N₂O emissions by 15.8% and 33.8% in the maize season, respectively. Cumulative N₂O emissions were significantly positively correlated with soil total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, microbial biomass carbon in the wheat season as well as soil total nitrogen in the maize season, but they were significantly negatively correlated with soil organic carbon in the maize season, respectively. 【Conclusion】 Under the condition of organic fertilizer-N replacing chemical fertilizer-N, optimizing fertilization management in the wheat season is the key to reduce N₂O emissions from wheat-maize rotation system in lime concretion black soil.

Key words: wheat-maize rotation, fertilizer reduction, livestock manure, nitrous oxide, greenhouse gas, lime concretion black soil

LIU GaoYuan, HE AiLing, DU Jun, LÜ JinLing, NIE ShengWei, PAN XiuYan, XU JiDong, LI Jue, YANG ZhanPing. Effect of Organic Fertilizer Replacing Chemical Fertilizer on Nitrous Oxide Emission from Wheat-Maize Rotation System in Lime Concretion Black Soil[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(16): 3156-3167.

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处理 Treatment	小麦 Wheat season				玉米 Maize season
处理 Treatment	有机肥氮 Manure N	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
CK	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
CF	0	225	100	100	225	60	60
R2FM	90	180	79.5	87.7	180	39.5	47.7
R4FM	180	135	59.1	75.5	135	19.1	35.5

时期 Stage	处理 Treatment	T	VWC	NO₃^--N	NH₄^＋-N
小麦季 Wheat season	CK	0.19	0.20	0.31^*	0.09
	CF	0.51^**	0.26	0.58^**	0.22
	R2FM	0.44^**	0.18	0.52^**	0.16
	R4FM	0.40^**	0.07	0.49^**	0.13
玉米 Maize season	CK	0.10	0.23	0.28^*	0.12
	CF	0.18	0.54^**	0.72^**	0.17
	R2FM	0.21	0.35^*	0.83^**	0.20
	R4FM	0.17	0.36^*	0.65^**	0.18
周年 Annual	CK	0.13	0.22	0.30^*	0.11
	CF	0.27	0.35^*	0.52^**	0.19
	R2FM	0.24	0.23	0.57^**	0.17
	R4FM	0.22	0.14	0.45^**	0.16

时期 Stage	处理 Treatment	施氮量 N dosage (kg·hm^-2)	累积排放量 Cumulative emission (kg·hm^-2)	排放系数 Emission factor (%)
小麦季 Wheat season	CK	0	0.32±0.07d	/
	CF	225	0.99±0.11c	0.30±0.02c
	R2FM	270	1.27±0.14b	0.35±0.01b
	R4FM	315	1.61±0.19a	0.41±0.03a
玉米 Maize season	CK	0	0.24±0.04d	/
	CF	225	1.39±0.16a	0.51±0.02a
	R2FM	180	1.17±0.08b	0.52±0.02a
	R4FM	135	0.92±0.10c	0.50±0.01a
周年 Annual	CK	0	0.56±0.05b
	CF	450	2.38±0.12a	0.40±0.02a
	R2FM	450	2.44±0.09a	0.42±0.01a
	R4FM	450	2.53±0.16a	0.44±0.03a

时期Stage	处理Treatment	pH	OC (g·kg^-1)	TN (g·kg^-1)	C/N	AHN (mg·kg^-1)	MBC (mg·kg^-1)
小麦季 Wheat season	CK	6.94±0.07a	6.26±0.20d	0.45±0.02d	13.9±0.8a	62.2±10.8c	76.0±9.1c
	CF	6.65±0.05b	6.97±0.44c	0.68±0.04c	10.3±0.4c	95.6±8.5b	120.5±16.0b
	R2FM	6.70±0.14b	8.85±0.18b	0.77±0.03b	11.5±0.5b	121.1±12.2a	169.4±19.3a
	R4FM	6.72±0.11b	9.36±0.32a	0.80±0.05a	11.7±0.7b	134.9±15.9a	187.8±22.4a
玉米季 Maize season	CK	6.96±0.06a	6.32±0.19c	0.43±0.10b	14.7±1.3a	66.7±6.2b	82.3±7.2b
	CF	6.61±0.15b	7.10±0.21b	0.69±0.05a	10.1±1.0b	103.4±12.7a	131.1±15.6a
	R2FM	6.67±0.04b	8.71±0.35a	0.72±0.08a	12.1±0.8a	118.7±11.5a	148.2±13.3a
	R4FM	6.68±0.08b	9.12±0.27a	0.74±0.04a	12.3±1.5a	122.6±9.4a	154.7±10.1a

时期 Stage	pH	OC	TN	C/N	AHN	MBC
小麦季Wheat season	-0.41	0.69	0.94^**	-0.43	0.88^*	0.92^**
玉米季 Maize season	-0.60	-0.88^*	0.79^*	-0.82^*	0.24	0.64

Effect of Organic Fertilizer Replacing Chemical Fertilizer on Nitrous Oxide Emission from Wheat-Maize Rotation System in Lime Concretion Black Soil

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