Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2020, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (1): 105-116.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.01.010

• SOIL & FERTILIZER·WATER-SAVING IRRIGATION·AGROECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Responses of Soil Diazotroph Community to Rice Straw, Glucose and Nitrogen Addition During Chinese Milk Vetch Growth

Lu YANG1,2,NaoHua ZENG2,JinShun BAI2,Xing ZHOU3,GuoPeng ZHOU1,2,SongJuan GAO4,Jun NIE5,WeiDong CAO2,4()   

  1. 1 Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
    2 Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081
    3 Crop Research Institute of Hunan Province, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125
    4 College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095
    5 Soil and Fertilizer Institute of Hunan Province, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125
  • Received:2019-04-19 Accepted:2019-05-29 Online:2020-01-01 Published:2020-01-19
  • Contact: WeiDong CAO E-mail:caoweidong@caas.cn

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Abstract:

【Objective】This study was to reveal the regulating roles of carbon (C) sources (rice straw vs. glucose) and nitrogen (N) addition in soil diazotroph community during growth of Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus L.), which is crucial for the management of crop residue and mineral fertilizer application in Chinese milk vetch - rice rotation system in southern China. 【Method】A pot experiment was conducted with seven treatments, including CK (no exogenous C and N addition), rice straw (Rs) plus various rates of N inputs (Rs, RsN1 and RsN2, corresponding to C/N ratios of 66, 25 and 13, respectively), and glucose (Glc) addition plus different N rates (Glc, GlcN1, and GlcN2) with same C quantity and C/N ratios in Rs-included treatments. Soils were sampled during the fast-growing phase of Chinese milk vetch, and destined for characterization of nifH gene marker and diazotroph community by using the Illumina Miseq PE300 sequencing and PCR techniques.【Result】Soil C/N ratios were similar between the CK and the treatments with straw or glucose addition alone, while tended to decrease with increasing N input, and significant decrease was observed in the GlcN2 relative to CK. Regarding to the available nutrients, comparable soil NO3 --N contents were observed under treatments of CK, Rs, and RsN1, but it was significantly increased by 60% under the RsN2 treatment. Compared to the CK, Glc-included treatments increased soil NO3 --N content by 35%-79%. There were limited variations of soil available phosphorous (P) content under the CK and Rs-included treatments. 16%-24% decrease of soil available P content was found in the Glc-included treatments than that under CK, but not affected by N rates. The copy number of nifH gene ranged from 80.4×10 6—140.5×10 6 g -1soil under all treatments. Compared to the CK, nifH gene copy number tended to increase under treatments with both Rs and Glc addition, while a downward trend was observed with increasing N inputs. Exogenous C and N addition resulted in an overall decrease of diazotroph α-diversity than that under the CK. The responses of diazotroph α-diversity to N supply differed between C sources (Rs vs. Glc). Compared to Rs alone, RsN1 and RsN2 had less observed species (decreased by 6%-11%) and Chao 1 index (decreased by 13%-15%), however, GlcN1 and GlcN2 enhanced α-diversity to some extent relative to Glc alone. PCoA showed that diazotroph community structure was clustered into different groups depending upon C sources, and was marginally affected by N inputs. Bradyrhizobium was the most abundant genus in all treatments, and its relative abundance was significantly reduced by C and N addition in comparison with CK, however, the magnitude of reduction was obviously less in Rs-included treatments than in Glc-included treatments (12.3%-19.7% vs. 31.6%-40.5%). In contrasting to Bradyrhizobium, the relative abundance of the second most dominant genus (Geobacter) was markedly increased by C addition relative to the CK, with greater magnitude observed in Glc-included vs. Rs-included treatments (by 170%-270% vs. 25.0%-54.6%, respectively). Meanwhile, Multivariate regression tree analysis, RDA, and Mantel analysis revealed that the diazotroph abundance, diversity and community structure were closely associated with soil NO3 --N and available P concentrations. 【Conclusion】The results suggested that effects of N supply on soil diazotroph abundance, diversity and structure were regulated by C sources or the C availability of rice straw and glucose amendments. Meanwhile, the resulted differences of soil available P availability by various C additions might be a key driving factor of reshaping soil diazotroph community during Chinese milk vetch growth.

Key words: soil diazotroph, rice straw, glucose, nitrogen, Chinese milk vetch, nifH

Table 1

Amounts of exogenous addition of organic materials and mineral nutrients for each treatment (10 kg air dried soil in each pot)"

处理
Treatment		 稻草
Rice straw (g/pot)		 葡萄糖
Glucose (g/pot)		 氮
N (g/pot)		 P2O5补入量
P2O5 input (g/pot)		 K2O补入量
K2O input (g/pot)		 C/N
CK 0 0 0 0.5 1.0 -
Rs 40 0 0 0.45 0 66
RsN1 40 0 0.40 0.45 0 25
RsN2 40 0 1.00 0.45 0 13
Glc 0 40 0.24 0.50 1.0 66
GlcN1 0 40 0.64 0.50 1.0 25
GlcN2 0 40 1.24 0.50 1.0 13

Table 2

Effects of exogenous C and N addition on soil physicochemical properties at fast growing stage of Chinese milk vetch"

处理
Treatment		 pH 有机质
SOM (g·kg-1)		 全氮
TN (g·kg-1)		 C/N NO3--N
(mg·kg-1)		 NH4+-N
(mg·kg-1)		 速效磷
AP (mg·kg-1)		 速效钾
AK (mg·kg-1)
CK 7.93±0.02ab 34.04±0.17b 2.13±0.02bc 11.05±0.11abc 4.56±0.69b 1.02±0.16b 20.90±0.39a 118.52±3.91a
Rs 7.99±0.04a 34.54±0.30ab 2.11±0.03c 11.29±0.13ab 4.42±0.73b 1.14±0.09ab 20.98±0.31a 118.87±4.80a
RsN1 7.97±0.02a 34.78±0.24ab 2.11±0.03c 11.34±0.16a 4.70±0.53b 1.42±0.13a 21.88±0.98a 109.91±3.39ab
RsN2 7.94±0.02ab 35.07±0.34a 2.23±0.03a 10.80±0.20cd 7.29±0.96a 1.34±0.12ab 20.30±0.86a 102.85±4.51b
Glc 7.89±0.03b 34.95±0.21a 2.20±0.02abc 10.94±0.09bcd 6.15±0.62ab 1.27±0.05ab 17.43±0.36b 118.36±2.53a
GlcN1 7.97±0.02a 35.02±0.15a 2.21±0.04ab 10.89±0.18cd 8.16±0.85a 1.20±0.02ab 17.33±0.67b 114.86±2.25a
GlcN2 7.93±0.02ab 34.87±0.43ab 2.26±0.04a 10.64±0.15d 7.06±0.43a 1.28±0.20ab 15.93±0.23b 110.19±3.77ab

Table 3

Diazotroph nifH gene copy number and α-diversity as affected by rice straw, glucose, and nitrogen addition"

处理
Treatment		 nifH 基因拷贝数
nifH Copy number (×106·g-1 soil)		 物种数目
Observed species		 Chao 1指数
Chao 1 value		 香农指数
Shannon index
CK 80.4±7.7b 1506±41ab 1958±62b 8.30±0.09a
Rs 140.5±33.3ab 1557±21a 2101±34a 8.42±0.02a
RsN1 120.3±20.1ab 1456±39bcd 1838±60bc 8.29±0.09a
RsN2 114.5±24.6ab 1383±12d 1783±41c 8.17±0.05ab
Glc 167.8±16.5a 1420±13cd 1915±21b 7.98±0.17b
GlcN1 116.2±28.2ab 1439±10bcd 1904±16bc 8.20±0.07ab
GlcN2 119.7±26.4ab 1483±35abc 1934±41b 8.38±0.08a

Fig. 1

Reweight analysis of effects of soil physicochemical properties on nifH gene copy numbers"

Fig. 2

Multivariate regression tree analysis of diazotroph α-diversity and soil physicochemical variables"

Fig. 3

Diazotroph community structure assessed by principal coordinate analysis (A) and redundancy analysis (B) of the structure affected by soil physicochemical variables"

Fig. 4

Relative abundance (%) of the most abundant genera (>1%) under different treatments"

Fig. 5

Spearman correlation analysis between relative abundance of dominant diazotrophic genera and soil physicochemical variables"

Fig. 6

Multivariate regression tree analysis (MRT) of the most abundant diazotrophic genera and soil physicochemical variables"

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