Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2022, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (8): 1479-1491.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.08.001

• CROP GENETICS & BREEDING·GERMPLASM RESOURCES·MOLECULAR GENETICS • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Research Progress of Nitrogen Efficiency Related Genes in Rice

SANG ShiFei1,2(),CAO MengYu1(),WANG YaNan1,WANG JunYi1,SUN XiaoHan1,ZHANG WenLing3(),JI ShengDong1,2()   

  1. 1College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan
    2Henan Crop Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation Engineering Research Center, Xinxiang 453007, Henan
    3Henan Seed Management Station, Zhengzhou 450046
  • Received:2021-11-01 Accepted:2021-12-30 Online:2022-04-16 Published:2022-05-11
  • Contact: WenLing ZHANG,ShengDong JI E-mail:sangshifei@qq.com;cmy9211@163.com;18638193503@163.com;jisd99@126.com

Abstract:

Over the last few years, China government has put forward a strategy to achieve the goal of “zero growth of chemical fertilizer”. It is particularly important to reduce the input of nitrogen fertilizer in agricultural production and enhance the nitrogen use efficiency in crops. Nitrogen is mostly absorbed from the soil by plant roots in the form of nitrate nitrogen (NO3-) and ammonium nitrogen (NH4-). It is transported from roots in plants to synthesize essential life substances, such as amino acids and nucleotides. Nitrogen is used as a basic element for crop growth and yield formation. However, excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer destroys the physical and chemical properties of the soil, causes undesirable changes to soil salinization, and pollutes the ecological environment, and pollutes the ecological environment. By reducing the quantity of nitrogen fertilizer, will destabilize the yield potential of field crops including rice and wheat which is being used as a staple food in China. It can threaten food security of the country. To improve the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and stabilize the food security, mining nitrogen-efficient genes, such as NRT1.1B, OsGRF4 etc., genetic improvement of current existing varieties through molecular design breeding will help to cultivate new nitrogen efficiently rice lines. Tapping the productive potential of current rice varieties will improve the level of sustainable agricultural development in our country. In this article, based on the nitrogen-efficient genes excavated in the current rice research, this article reviews the PTR (polypeptide transporter) family, NRT (nitrate transporter) family, AMT family (ammonium transporter family), NLP family and other types of rice nitrogen-efficient genes. The future prospects of gene utilization have been prospected. Based on the nitrogen-efficient genes excavated in the current rice research, they are divided into four categories: NRT/PTR, AMT (ammonium transporter), NLP and other types, and summarize their functions and characteristics, and analysis the utilization prospect and existing problems of nitrogen-efficient genes with potential breeding value.

Key words: nitrogen, rice, nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen efficient gene

Table 1

Gene types and characteristics of NPF family"

基因名称
Gene name
基因登录号
Gene accession No.
功能
Features
验证方法
Authentication method
参考文献
References
OsNPF2.2/OsPTR2 LOC_Os12g44100 低亲和力硝酸盐转运蛋白,参与从根到茎的硝酸盐转运和维管发育
Low-affinity nitrate transporter, involved in nitrate transport from root to stem and vascular development
T-DNA插入突变体
T-DNA insertion mutant
[12,16]
OsNPF2.4 LOC_Os03g48180 pH依赖性低亲和力硝酸盐转运蛋白,参与获取和长距离硝酸盐运输
pH-dependent low-affinity nitrate transporter, involved in acquisition and long-distance nitrate transport
T-DNA插入突变体,过表达
T-DNA insertion mutant, overexpression
[17]
OsNPF4.5 LOC_Os01g54515 低亲和硝酸盐转运蛋白,增强表达显著提高氮素吸收效率并促进水稻生长
Low-affinity nitrate transporter, enhanced expression, significantly improves nitrogen absorption efficiency and promotes rice growth
敲除突变体
Knockout mutant
[18]
OsNPF6.1 LOC_Os01g01360 编码硝酸盐转运蛋白,可能直接参与硝酸盐的吸收和再分配
Encodes a nitrate transporter, which may be directly involved in the absorption and redistribution of nitrate
T-DNA插入突变体,过表达
T-DNA insertion mutant, overexpression
[23]
OsNRT1 LOC_Os03g13274 低亲和力硝酸盐转运蛋白,增加氮积累
Low-affinity nitrate transporter, increasing nitrogen accumulation
突变体
Mutant
[28]
OsNPF6.3/OsNRT1.1A LOC_Os08g05910 定位于液泡膜的硝酸盐转运蛋白,参与调节氮素利用
Nitrate transporter located in the vacuole membrane, involved in regulating nitrogen utilization
过表达
Overexpression
[29]
OsNPF6.5/OsNRT1.1B LOC_Os10g40600 通过改变根际微环境影响水稻籼粳亚种间的氮肥利用效率
Influence of NUE between indica and japonica rice subspecies by changing the rhizosphere microenvironment
过表达
Overexpression
[30]
OsNPF7.2 LOC_Os02g47090 低浓度硝酸盐转运蛋白,参与根细胞中硝酸盐的分配
Low-concentration nitrate transporter, involved in the distribution of nitrate in root cells
敲除突变体
Knockout mutant
[19]
OsNPF7.3/OsPTR6 LOC_Os04g50950 高表达可提高水稻的氮素利用效率
High expression can improve the NUE of rice
过表达
Overexpression
[20,31 -32]
OsNPF7.7/OsPTR10 LOC_Os10g42870 调节枝条的分支和氮素的利用效率
Regulates the branching of branches and NUE
过表达
Overexpression
[33]
OsNPF8.1/OsPTR7 LOC_Os01g04950 参与了稻谷中砷酸二甲酯的积累
Participated in the accumulation of dimethyl arsenate in rice
MiRNA [34]
OsNRT8.2/OsPTR1 LOC_Os07g01070 干旱胁迫诱导
Drought and Salt Stress induced
表达分析
Expression patterns
[26]
OsNPF8.20/OsPTR9 LOC_Os06g49250 正调节铵吸收、侧根形成和籽粒产量
Positive regulation of ammonium absorption, lateral root formation and grain yield
T-DNA插入突变体,RNAi
T-DNA insertion mutant, RNAi
[27]

Fig. 1

Phylogenetic tree of NRT and homologous genes in japonica and indica rice Red part is indica genes, and the rest are japonica genes"

Table 2

Types and characteristics of NRT2 genes"

基因名称
Gene name
基因登录号
Gene accession No.
功能
Features
验证方法
Authentication method
参考文献
References
OsNRT2.4 LOC_Os01g36720 双重亲和力硝酸盐转运蛋白
Dual affinity nitrate transporter
敲除突变体
Knockout mutant
[38]
OsNRT2.1 LOC_Os02g02170 高亲和力硝酸盐转运蛋白
High affinity nitrate transporter
过表达
Overexpression
[39,41 -43]
OsNRT2.2 LOC_Os02g02190 与OsNAR2.1相互作用以进行高亲和力的硝酸盐转运
Interacts with OsNAR2.1 for high-affinity nitrate transport
过表达
Overexpression
[40,44]
OsNRT2.3a LOC_Os01g50820 参与根到茎的远距离硝态氮运输
Participate in long-distance nitrate nitrogen transport from root to stem
过表达
Overexpression
[37,40]
OsNRT2.3b LOC_Os01g50820 正向调节pH缓冲和氮素利用效率
Positive adjustment of pH buffer and nitrogen utilization efficiency
过表达
Overexpression
[31]

Table 3

Types and characteristics of AMT genes"

基因名称
Gene name
基因登录号
Gene accession No.
功能
Features
验证方法
Authentication method
引用文献
References
OsAMT1.1 LOC_Os04g43070 铵吸收和铵钾稳态
Ammonium absorption and ammonium potassium homeostasis
过表达
Overexpression
[47-49,57]
OsAMT1.2 LOC_Os02g40730 功能性铵转运体 Functional ammonium transporter 突变体 Mutant [49,58]
OsAMT1.3 LOC_Os02g40710 高亲和力铵转运蛋白,参与根系形态和碳氮代谢
High affinity ammonium transporter, involved in root morphology and carbon and nitrogen metabolism
过表达
Overexpression
[50-51]
OsAMT2.1 LOC_Os05g39240 功能性铵转运蛋白,组成型表达
Functional ammonium transporter, constitutively expressed
突变体 Mutant [54]
OsAMT2.2 LOC_Os01g61510 铵转运蛋白 Ammonium transporter 突变体 Mutant [59]
OsAMT2.3 LOC_Os01g61550 铵转运蛋白 Ammonium transporter 突变体 Mutant [59]
OsAMT3.1 LOC_Os01g65000 介导菌根铵转移 Mediated Mycorrhizal Ammonium Transfer 突变体 Mutant [56,60]
OsAMT3.2 LOC_Os03g62200 铵转运蛋白 Ammonium transporter 突变体 Mutant [59]
OsAMT3.3 LOC_Os02g34580 铵转运蛋白 Ammonium transporter 突变体 Mutant [59]
OsAMT4 LOC_Os03g53780 铵转运蛋白 Ammonium transporter 突变体 Mutant [59]
OsAMT5.1 LOC_Os12g01420 铵转运蛋白 Ammonium transporter 突变体 Mutant [59]
OsAMT5.2 LOC_Os11g01410 铵转运蛋白 Ammonium transporter 突变体 Mutant [59]

Table 4

Types and characteristics of NLP genes"

基因名称
Gene name
基因登录号
Gene accession No.
功能
Features
验证方法
Authentication method
备注
Remark
引用文献
References
OsNLP1 LOC_Os03g03900 初级硝酸盐反应中具有潜在作用
Potential role in primary nitrate reactions
过表达
Overexpression

None
[62]
OsNLP2 LOC_Os04g41850 无 None 无 None 无 None [60]
OsNLP3 LOC_Os01g13540 硝酸盐信号传导的核心转录因子
Core transcription factor for nitrate signaling
转基因系
Transgenic lines

None
[61]
OsNLP4 LOC_Os09g37710 通过结合启动子上的顺式元件调控N的吸收同化
Regulate N uptake and assimilation by binding the cis-elements on the promoter
过表达
Overexpression
与野生型相比,过表达系产量提高30%,氮素利用率提高47%
Compared with the wild type, the yield of the overexpression line is increased by 30%, and the nitrogen utilization rate is increased by 47%
[63]
OsNLP5 LOC_Os11g16290 无 None 无 None 无 None [60]
OsNLP6 LOC_Os02g04340 无 None 无 None 无 None [60]

Table 5

Gene types and characteristics of others"

基因名称
Gene name
基因登录号
Gene accession No.
功能
Features
验证方法
Authentication method
引用文献
References
OsMADS25 LOC_Os04g23910 正调控硝酸盐转运蛋白基因表达
Positive regulation of nitrate transporter gene expression
过表达
Overexpression
[64]
OsNAR2.1 LOC_Os02g38230 能与OsNRT2.1/2.2和OsNRT2.3a互作
Interacts with OsNRT2.1/2.2 and OsNRT2.3a
RNAi [40,44]
OsGRF4 LOC_Os02g47280 正调控植物碳-氮代谢,促进氮素吸收、同化和转运
Positively regulate plant carbon-nitrogen metabolism, promote nitrogen absorption, assimilation and transport
突变体
Mutant
[67]
TOND1 LOC_Os12g43440 过表达TOND1能增加水稻对低氮的耐性
Overexpression of TOND1 can increase the tolerance of rice to low nitrogen
突变体
Mutant
[65]
OsGOGAT1 LOC_Os01g48960 与OsAMT1.2同时激活,提高氮素利用效率
Activate simultaneously with OsAMT1.2 to improve NUE
突变体
Mutant
[70]
Ghd7 LOC_Os07g15770 抑制ARE1的表达,调节氮素利用效率
Inhibit the expression of ARE1 and regulate NUE
突变体
Mutant
[69]
OsTCP19 LOC_Os06g12230 OsTCP19-H有提高氮肥利用率的潜力
OsTCP19-H has the potential to improve nitrogen fertilizer utilization
突变体
Mutant
[71]
qNGR9/DEP1 LOC_Os09g26999 株高对氮的响应
Response of plant height to nitrogen
定位克隆与遗传互补
Positional cloning and genetic complementation
[72]

Fig. 2

Nitrogen utilization forms and rice transportation routes"

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