Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2022, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (9): 1811-1821.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.09.010

• SOIL & FERTILIZER·WATER-SAVING IRRIGATION·AGROECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Spatiotemporal Patterns in Nitrogen Response Efficiency of Aboveground Productivity Across China’s Grasslands

HOU JiangJiang1(),WANG JinZhou2,*(),SUN Ping1,ZHU WenYan3,XU Jing2,LU ChangAi4   

  1. 1College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, Henan
    2Institute of Ecology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012
    3College of Horticultuer and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, Henan
    4Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
  • Received:2021-03-16 Revised:2021-06-07 Online:2022-05-01 Published:2022-05-19
  • Contact: JinZhou WANG E-mail:a44302620@qq.com;jwang963@163.com

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Abstract:

【Objective】This study was to investigate the temporal and spatial patterns of nitrogen (N) limitation (indicated by N response efficiency) on aboveground productivity of China’s grasslands, which was important for the adoptive management and accurately simulating of ecosystem N cycling under global environmental change. 【Method】A meta-analysis was performed to investigate N response ratio (lnRR) and N response efficiency (lnRR/N, the ratio of lnRR to N addition rate) of aboveground productivity across China’s grasslands. All data (423 groups) were collected from in-situ N addition experiments published over 1980-2020. Linear, double-linear and multi-step regressions were explored to estimate the spatial and temporal dynamics of lnRR/N and its driving factors. 【Result】In general, lnRR increased with N addition rates and saturated at (21.1±5.5) g N·m-2·a-1 (mean±95%CI) with the maximum of 0.60±0.08. lnRR/N was, on average, 0.043±0.004, i.e., aboveground productivity could increase by (4.36±0.38) % per unit N addition (1 g N·m-2·a-1). lnRR/N also differed significantly among grassland types, N addition rates, experimental durations, and years. Over the past four decades, lnRR/N significantly decreased, with a much (1.5-1.7 times) faster rate in the warmer (MAT>4.5℃) and wetter (MAP>450 mm) climatic regions than that in the cooler (MAT≤4.5℃) and drier (MAP≤450 mm) climatic regions. Regression analyses revealed that the spatial variation of lnRR/N was mainly driving by annual precipitation and soil fertility (i.e., soil N content). In general, lnRR/N increased along with MAP and decreased with soil N content. However, the driving factors varied by climatic regions, with both MAP and soil N content in the wetter regions, MAP in the drier regions and MAT in the warmer regions. 【Conclusion】 The aboveground productivity in China’s grasslands was still limited by N, but the extent of N limitation or N response efficiency decreased over time, especially in those wetter and warmer climatic regions. To accurately predict the response of grassland ecosystem to the ongoing global environmental change, the studies should pay more attention to the spatial and temporal shifting in driving factors for plant productivity.

Key words: grassland, aboveground productivity, nitrogen addition, nitrogen response efficiency, global environmental change

Fig. 1

The number of cases of N addition experiments across China’s grasslands The cases were grouped by grassland types, N addition rates, N types, experimental duration and years. AM: Alpine meadow; AS: Alpine steppe; MS: Meadow steppe; TS: Typical steppe; DS: Desert steppe. The same as below"

Fig. 2

Relationships between lnRR (N response ratio of aboveground productivity) and N addition rate across China’ grasslands (a) Overall, all the grassland types. The open circles indicate observed values, and solid lines represent the best-fit models"

Fig. 3

The weighted N response efficiency (lnRR/N) of aboveground productivity across China’s grasslands and its variations among grassland types, N addition rates, N types, experimental durations and years The grassland types include alpine meadow (AM), alpine steppe (AS), meadow steppe (MS), typical steppe (TS), and desert steppe (DS). N addition rates are grouped by every 5 g N·m-2·a-1 intervals. N types include ammonium nitrate, urea and others. The error bar represents 95%CI. If the 95% CI does not overlap to zero, the lnRR/N is statistically significant. QB statistical test is used to compare the difference in weighted lnRR/N among groups by a significant indicator of P<0.05. Numbers in parentheses indicate the sample size"

Fig. 4

Relationship between N response efficiency (lnRR/N) of aboveground productivity and mean annual temperature (MAT) and annual precipitation (MAP) across China’s grasslands"

Fig. 5

Temporal dynamics of N response efficiency (lnRR/N) of aboveground productivity across China’s grasslands (a) Overall; (b) In a drier climatic region with MAP≤450 mm; (c) In a wetter climatic region with MAP>450 mm; (d) In a cooler climatic region with MAT≤4.5℃; (e) In a warmer climatic region with MAT>4.5℃"

Table 1

Step-wise regressions between lnRR/N and its explanatory factors: time, climate, and soil nutrients"

气候区 Climatic regions 逐步回归方程Step-wise regressions df R2
总体Overall lnRR/N = -0.0011Year -0.0070 STN +0.81×10-4 MAP 315 0.09***
MAP≤450 mm lnRR/N = -0.0008Year +2.35×10-4 MAP +0.0039 Duration +0.013 267 0.18***
MAP>450 mm lnRR/N = -0.0025Year -0.014 STN +1.98×10-4 MAP -0.016 77 0.27***
MAT≤4.5℃ NA NA NA
MAT>4.5℃ lnRR/N = -0.0019Year -0.0098 MAT -0.011 Duration +0.055 93 0.25***
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