广西玉米穗腐病致病镰孢种群构成与毒素化学型分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.11.005

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The objective of this study is to clarify the composition and toxigenic chemotype of Fusarium species causing maize ear rot in Guangxi, and to provide important guidance and theoretical basis for comprehensive control of maize ear rot and reasonable distribution of varieties and resistance breeding.【Method】 The diseased ear samples were collected from main maize producing areas in Guangxi between 2016 and 2018, a total of 138 isolates from 21 counties (districts) were obtained by tissue separation and single-spore purification. Fusarium species were identified and determined according to morphological characteristics and molecular methods. The phylogenetic tree was constructed based on TEF-1α gene sequences, and specific primers were used to detect toxigenic chemotype.【Result】 A total of 10 Fusarium species were identified and confirmed among 138 isolates, including F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, F. kyushuense, F. meridionale, F. sacchari, F. fujikuroi, F. asiaticum, F. concentricum, F. incarnatum and F. graminearum, with the isolation frequencies of 50.72%, 12.32%, 10.87%, 8.70%, 6.52%, 3.62%, 3.62%, 1.45%, 1.45% and 0.72%, respectively. F. graminearum species complex (FGSC) contained three independent species, i.e. F. meridionale, F. asiaticum and F. graminearum. F. verticillioides was the predominant pathogen, FGSC, F. proliferatum and F. kyushuense were the secondary predominant pathogens. F. sacchari and F. concentricum were the first reported to be the pathogen of maize ear rot in China. The key gene FUM1 responsible for the biosynthesis of fumonisins was detected among 67 F. verticillioides, 13 F. proliferatum, 5 F. sacchari and 3 F. fujikuroi strains, respectively, which indicated the potential ability of producing fumonisins. FUM1 was not detected in the F. concentricum strains. Four toxigenic chemotypes including NIV, 15-ADON, NIV+15-ADON and DON+15-ADON were detected among FGSC, F. kyushuense and F. incarnatum strains. Strains containing NIV chemotype included 8 F. kyushuense, 2 F. asiaticum, 2 F. meridionale, and 1 F. incarnatum. Strains containing 15-ADON chemotype included 2 F. meridionale. The NIV+15-ADON chemotype was detected among 8 F. meridionale, 2 F. kyushuense, 1 F. asiaticum and 1 F. incarnatum strains. Only 1 F. graminearum strain carried DON+15-ADON chemotype. The 3-ADON chemotype was not detected among these strains.【Conclusion】 F. verticillioides is the predominant pathogen of maize ear rot in Guangxi. FGSC, F. proliferatum and F. kyushuense are the secondary predominant species. FUM1 was detected among F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, F. sacchari and F. fujikuroi. The main toxigenic chemtype of FGSC in Guangxi is NIV+15-ADON, while NIV is the main toxigenic chemotype of F. incarnatum and some F. kyushuense. The population composition of Fusarium species causing maize ear rot in Guangxi is different from equivalent study of temperate zone in China, which may be due to the fact that Fusarium species adapt to the high temperature and humidity growth environment in tropical and subtropical Guangxi and thus leads to the differences of toxigenic chemotypes.

Key words: maize, ear rot, Fusarium spp., isolation frequency, toxigenic chemotype

DU Qing, TANG ZhaoLei, LI ShiChu, SHANGGUAN LingLing, LI HuaJiao, DUAN CanXing. Composition of Fusarium Species Causing Maize Ear Rot and Analysis of Toxigenic Chemotype in Guangxi[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(11): 1895-1907.

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References 32

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检测真菌 Detected fungus	引物 Primer	引物序列 Primer sequence (5′-3′)	扩增片段 Target fragment (bp)	退火温度 Tm (℃)
镰孢菌	ItsF	AACTCCCAAACCCCTGTGAACATA	431	58
Fusarium spp.	ItsR	TTTAACGGCGTGGCCGC
禾谷镰孢复合种	Fg16NF	ACAGATGACAAGATTCAGGCACA	280	57
F. graminearum	Fg16NR	TTCTTTGACATCTGTTCAACCCA
species complex
拟轮枝镰孢	VER1	CTTCCTGCGATGTTTCTCC	578	56
F. verticillioides	VER2	AATTGGCCATTGGTATTATATATCTA
层出镰孢	PRO1	CTTTCCGCCAAGTTTCTTC	585	56
F. proliferatum	PRO2	TGTCAGTAACTCGACGTTGTTG

引物 Primer	引物序列 Primer sequence (5′-3′)	毒素化学型 Toxigenic chemotype	扩增片段 Product size (bp)	退火温度 Tm (℃)
Tri13F	TACGTGAAACATTGTTGGC	DON, NIV	234, 415	57
Tri13R	GGTGTCCCAGGATCTGCG
Tri303F	GATGGCCGCAAGTGGA	3-DON	586	56
Tri303R	GCCGGACTGCCCTATTG
Tri315F	CTCGCTGAAGTTGGACGTAA	15-ADON	864	58
Tri315R	GTCTATGCTCTCAACGGACAAC

镰孢菌 Fusarium spp.	拟轮枝镰孢 F. v	层出镰孢 F. p	甘蔗镰孢 F. s	藤仓镰孢 F. f	轮纹镰孢 F. c	亚洲镰孢 F. a	禾谷镰孢 F. g	南方镰孢 F. m	九州镰孢 F. k	变红镰孢 F. i	总计 Total
巴马 Bama	2	4	-	-	-	1	-	-	3	-	10
大化 Dahua	2	-	1	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	4
东兰 Donglan	9	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	9
都安 Duan	4	-	1	-	-	1	-	2	3	-	11
凤山Fengshan	5	-	-	-	-	-	-	3	-	-	8
金城江Jinchengjiang	-	-	2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2
乐业 Leye	3	-	-	-	-	2	-	-	-	-	5
凌云 Lingyun	9	-	-	2	-	-	-	-	-	-	11
平果 Pingguo	1	1	-	-	-	-	1	1	3	1	8
靖西 Jingxi	-	6	-	-	2	-	-	-	-	-	8
田东Tiandong	6	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	-	-	7
田林 Tianlin	2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2
田阳 Tianyang	2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2
德保 Debao	1	2	-	1	-	-	-	2	2	-	8
西林 Xilin	-	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1
隆安 Longan	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	1
江南 Jiangnan	7	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	7
马山 Mashan	7	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	7
武宣 Wuxuan	-	2	2	1	-	-	-	-	2	-	7
大新 Daxin	3	-	1	-	-	1	-	-	1	-	6
天等 Tiandeng	7	1	2	-	-	-	-	3	1	-	14
总计 Total	70	17	9	5	2	5	1	12	15	2	138

菌株编号 Strain number	镰孢菌 Fusarium spp.	毒素化学型 Toxigenic chemotype
菌株编号 Strain number	镰孢菌 Fusarium spp.	NIV	DON	3-ADON	15-ADON
Bama7	F. asiaticum	-	-	-	-
Daxin1	F. asiaticum	+	-	-	-
Duan1	F. asiaticum	-	-	-	-
Leye2	F. asiaticum	+	-	-	-
Leye4	F. asiaticum	+	-	-	+
Pingguo4	F. graminearum	-	+	-	+
Longan1	F. incarnatum	+	-	-	-
Pingguo8	F. incarnatum	+	-	-	+
Bama2	F. kyushuense	+	-	-	+
Bama3	F. kyushuense	+	-	-	+
Bama9	F. kyushuense	-	-	-	-
Daxin5	F. kyushuense	-	-	-	-
Debao3	F. kyushuense	+	-	-	-
Debao5	F. kyushuense	-	-	-	-
Duan3	F. kyushuense	+	-	-	-
Duan4	F. kyushuense	+	-	-	-
Duan5	F. kyushuense	+	-	-	-
Pingguo3	F. kyushuense	+	-	-	-
Pingguo5	F. kyushuense	-	-	-	-
Pingguo6	F. kyushuense	+	-	-	-
Tiandeng12	F. kyushuense	+	-	-	-
Wuxuan6	F. kyushuense	+	-	-	-
Wuxuan7	F. kyushuense	-	-	-	-
Debao6	F. meridionale	+	-	-	+
Debao7	F. meridionale	+	-	-	-
Duan2	F. meridionale	-	-	-	+
Duan8	F. meridionale	+	-	-	+
FengShan2	F. meridionale	-	-	-	+
FengShan3	F. meridionale	+	-	-	+
FengShan7	F. meridionale	+	-	-	+
Pingguo2	F. meridionale	+	-	-	+
Tiandeng1	F. meridionale	+	-	-	+
Tiandeng2	F. meridionale	+	-	-	+
Tiandeng8	F. meridionale	+	-	-	+
Tiandong4	F. meridionale	+	-	-	-

Composition of Fusarium Species Causing Maize Ear Rot and Analysis of Toxigenic Chemotype in Guangxi

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