施肥与灌溉对甘肃省苜蓿碳足迹的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.03.013

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】The objective of the study is to evaluate the carbon footprint (CF) of alfalfa production in different cropping patterns in Gansu Province, clarify the main process emitting greenhouse gases (GHG), analyze the effects of fertilization and irrigation on the CF, and investigate the potential measures for decreasing CF of alfalfa production in this province. 【Method】Life cycle assessment methodology combined with IPCC (2006) guide for calculating greenhouse gases emission in the field were used to quantify the CF of alfalfa production. Data were collected from farm survey in major regions of alfalfa cultivation in Gansu Province which covered 10 counties in the districts of Longdong, Longzhong and Hexi. Cropping pattern of alfalfa production in Gansu province was classified into four types according to the level of nitrogen application and irrigation, and the irrigation water source. The CF composition characteristics of four cropping patterns and the effect of nitrogen application rate and irrigation on productivity and CF of alfalfa were analyzed based on CF calculation model and input and output data of alfalfa production. Scenario analysis was used to estimate the GHG abatement potential through strategies such as decreasing chemical fertilizer application, improving fertilizer production technique, combining chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer, and utilizing sprinkle and dripping irrigation. 【Result】CF of alfalfa production was 0.02, 0.19, 0.22 and 0.64 kg CO₂eq·kg^-1DM under four cropping patterns including NFNI (non-fertilization and non-irrigation), SFNI (spreading fertilization and non-irrigation), SFRI (spreading fertilization and river irrigation) and SFWI (spreading fertilization and well irrigation), respectively. The CF of alfalfa production in SFNI cropping pattern was significantly different from other cropping patterns except for SFRI. The main contributors of CF and their proportion to the total GHG emissions varied among different cropping patterns. For NFNI pattern, CF was mainly composed of GHG emissions from crop residues and the use of agricultural machinery. For SFNI and SFRI patterns, the major contributor of CF were chemical fertilizer production and nitrogen fertilizer application, followed by the use of agricultural machinery. The greatest GHG emissions source for SFWI pattern was electricity for irrigation, followed by chemical fertilizer production and nitrogen fertilizer application. Reducing the amount of applied nitrogen, combining chemical fertilizer with manure, and decreasing the GHG emission from nitrogen fertilizer production would decrease CF by 10.0%-18.0%, -3.0%-8.0% and 1.8%-5.8% in SFNI, SFRI and SFWI patterns, respectively. The water-saving irrigation (sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation) would decrease the CF by 12.7%-38.5%.【Conclusion】 The alfalfa production and CF of four cropping patterns in Gansu province are different. The SFWI pattern got the highest production with high input, while its CF was significantly higher than that of other patterns. With the exception of NFNI pattern, excessive fertilizer was used in other three patterns. Reducing the amount of applied N fertilizer and the GHG emission from N fertilizer production will decrease CF of alfalfa production in Gansu province. The combination of chemical fertilizer and manure will decrease CF in SFNI and SFRI patterns, but also the yield of alfalfa hay. So, the optimal ratio of chemical fertilizer to manure should be investigated further. The water-saving irrigation will be the major mitigation measure in SFWI pattern, while the integrated abatement potential of GHG emission should be evaluated including emissions from the production of pipes used in sprinkler and drip irrigation.

Key words: alfalfa, carbon footprint, fertilization, irrigation, Gansu Province

LIU Song, WANG XiaoQin, HU JiPing, LI Qiang, CUI LiLi, DUAN XueQin, GUO Liang. Effects of Fertilization and Irrigation on the Carbon Footprint of Alfalfa in Gansu Province[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(3): 556-565.

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Effects of Fertilization and Irrigation on the Carbon Footprint of Alfalfa in Gansu Province

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