沼液中HCO3-对水稻生长的类CO2施肥效应

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.22.010

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 Biogas slurry is rich in nitrogen (N), which is the basis of its farmland utilization. However, it also contains a large amount of HCO₃^-. In this study, the conversion of HCO₃^- in biogas slurry and its effect on rice growth were investigated, in order to provide a new theoretical basis for replacing chemical fertilizer with biogas slurry, reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer, and whether biogas slurry could be utilized as resources. 【Method】Four treatments, including biogas slurry (BS), biogas slurry (BS-B), deionized water plus HCO₃^- (W+B) and deionized water (W), were set up in this paper. Using ¹³C labeling technology, the characteristics of CO₂ release were observed through pot experiment at Rice Seedling Stage, and the photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO₂ concentration, dry and fresh weight, plant height, overlying water and soil pH, and HCO₃^- and NH₄⁺ contents were analyzed. 【Result】(1) Under BS treatment, CO₂ release rates ranged from 9.55 to 38.07 mg·kg^-1·h^-1, with a net cumulative release of 4 654.06 mg·kg^-1. Under BS-B treatment, the CO₂ release rates ranged from 4.55 to 17.25 mg·kg^-1·h^-1, and the net cumulative release was 780.68 mg·kg^-1. Under W+B treatment, the CO₂ release rate was 3.93-26.33 mg·kg^-1·h^-1, and the net cumulative release was 1 274.07 mg·kg^-1. Under W treatment, the CO₂ release rate was 3.22-11.90 mg·kg^-1·h^-1, and the cumulative release amount was 2 265.20 mg·kg^-1. Under BS treatment, the average CO₂ release rate was 4.18 times and 2.44 times of BS?B and W+B, respectively, and the net cumulative CO₂ release was 5.96 times and 3.65 times of BS-B and W+B, respectively, which were significantly higher than those under BS?B and W+B treatments. At the same time, the net cumulative release under BS treatment was greater than the sum of the two treatments (BS-B) + (W+B), and HCO₃^- had a synergistic effect with other components in biogas slurry on CO₂ release. (2) The net cumulative release of ¹³CO₂ under BS treatment was 32.87 mg·kg^-1, accounted for 0.71% of the net cumulative release of CO₂ in soil-rice system. The net cumulative release of ¹³CO₂ under W+B treatment was 13.18 mg·kg^-1. In comparison, the net cumulative release amount of ¹³CO₂ under BS treatment was significantly higher than that under W+B treatment (P<0.05), indicated that other components in biogas slurry promoted the conversion of HCO₃^- to CO₂. (3) The net photosynthetic rate of BS and BS?B treatments in the first 12 h was significantly higher than that under W+B and W treatments. After the addition of culture medium, the net photosynthetic rate under BS treatment was significantly higher than that under BS?B treatment at 2-7 d, and was significantly higher than that under W+B treatment during the whole culture period (P<0.05). HCO₃^- in biogas slurry significantly improved the photosynthesis of rice leaves. In comparison, the intercellular CO₂ concentration was significantly lower than that of the other three treatments 5 days before BS treatment. Rice plant height and fresh weight under BS and BS-B treatments were significantly higher than those under W+B and W treatments (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in dry weight among the four treatments. (4) The fixed ¹³CO₂ content of rice seedlings treated by BS was 4.05 g·kg^-1, and the utilization rate of marker HCO₃^- was 18.54%. The fixed amount of ¹³CO₂ in W+B treatment was 3.29 g·kg^-1 and the H¹³CO₃^- utilization rate was 14.20%. The ¹³CO₂ of H¹³CO₃^- promoted the photosynthesis of rice and was beneficial to the growth of rice. (5) The release rates of CO₂ and ¹³CO₂ under BS and W+B treatments were significantly correlated with overlying water and soil HCO₃^- content and pH. At the same time, the photosynthetic rate of rice under BS and W+B treatments was significantly positively correlated with HCO₃^- content in soil. 【Conclusion】 When biogas slurry was returned to the field, a large amount of HCO₃^- transformation significantly promoted the release of CO₂, which was beneficial to rice photosynthesis. Soil HCO₃^- content and soil pH value were important factors for affecting CO₂ release and rice photosynthesis. At the same time, the rice had a higher utilization rate of HCO₃^- in biogas slurry, and HCO₃^- in biogas slurry had obvious CO₂-like fertilization effect.

Key words: biogas slurry, HCO₃^-, ¹³C marking, rice, CO₂ fertilization effect, photosynthesis

WAN HuaQin,GU Xu,HE HongMei,TANG YiFan,SHEN JianHua,HAN JianGang,ZHU YongLi. Effect of CO₂ Like Fertilization on Rice Growth by HCO₃^- in Biogas Slurry[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(22): 4445-4457.

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References 30

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pH	电导率 EC (mS·cm^-1)	总有机碳 TOC (g·kg^-1)	全氮 TN (g·kg^-1)	全磷 TP (g·kg^-1)	土壤颗粒组成 Soil particle composition (%)
					黏粒Clay (<0.002 mm)	粉砂粒Silt (0.002-0.02 mm)	砂粒Sand (0.02-2.0 mm)
8.14	1.28	7.68	0.76	0.80	0.8	85.5	13.7

pH	电导率 EC (mS·cm^-1)	总有机碳 TOC (g·L^-1)	总氮 TN (g·L^-1)	铵态氮 NH₄⁺-N (g·L^-1)	总磷 TP (mg·L^-1)	碳酸氢根 HCO₃^-(g·L^-1)
8.19	10.21	1.55	1.31	1.20	39.00	7.01

时间 Time	BS			W+B
时间 Time	¹³CO₂即时浓度 Immediate of ¹³CO₂(μmol·mol^-1)	¹³CO₂净释放速率 Net release rate of ¹³CO₂(mg·kg^-1·h^-1)	¹³CO₂净释放量 Net emission of ¹³CO₂(mg·kg^-1)	¹³CO₂即时浓度 Immediate of ¹³CO₂(μmol·mol^-1)	¹³CO₂净释放速率 Net release rate of ¹³CO₂(mg·kg^-1·h^-1)	¹³CO₂净释放量 Net emission of ¹³CO₂(mg·kg^-1)
2 h	14.22±6.83	0.54±0.16	0.54±0.16	16.67±5.18	0.34±0.15	0.34±0.15
6 h	13.33±6.33	0.18±0.03	1.44±0.37	13.02±4.20	0.13±0.06	0.94±0.59
12 h	24.00±6.29	0.21±0.09	1.19±0.61	18.06±9.24	0.06±0.03	0.56±0.08
18 h	8.48±2.11	0.21±0.04	1.25±0.57*	8.69±1.37	0.01±0.00	0.19±0.12
2 d	6.04±0.48	0.11±0.02	3.75±0.57*	3.18±2.73	0.07±0.02	0.85±0.22
3 d	5.83±0.20	0.10±0.03	2.49±0.18*	5.53±1.13	0.03±0.01	0.87±0.29
5 d	5.65±0.21	0.10±0.08	4.91±1.42*	3.59±2.54	0.06±0.03	1.41±0.76
7 d	5.93±0.66	0.10±0.09	4.84±0.57*	3.46±2.48	0.06±0.02	2.72±0.99
10 d	5.33±0.21	0.08±0.04	6.25±2.21*	4.86±0.59	0.02±0.01	2.88±0.52
15 d	4.75±1.25	0.03±0.01	6.21±2.26*	5.56±0.13	0.02±0.01	2.42±0.33
¹³CO₂净累计释放量 Net cumulative emission of ¹³CO₂(mg·kg^-1)			32.87±2.18*			13.18±1.00

处理 Treatment	全碳 TC (g·kg^-1)	植株δ¹³C Plant the δ¹³C (%)	¹³CO₂固定量 Fixed amount of ¹³CO₂(g·kg^-1)	对H¹³CO₃^-的利用率 Utilization of H¹³CO₃^-(%)
BS	433.00	1.35	4.05 ± 0.02 a	18.54
W+B	396.00	1.32	3.29 ± 0.02 b	14.20

	BS	BS-B	W+B	W
(w)HCO₃^-	0.927**	-0.752**	0.836**	0.617**
(w)NH₄⁺-N	0.959**	0.900**	0.137	0.675**
(w)pH	-0.645**	0.147	0.393*	0.277
(s)HCO₃^-	-0.895**	0.713**	-0.714**	0.261
(s)NH₄⁺-N	-0.206	0.095	0.461*	0.139
(s)pH	0.854**	0.610**	-0.840**	0.349

Effect of CO₂ Like Fertilization on Rice Growth by HCO₃^- in Biogas Slurry

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	(w)HCO₃^-	(w)NH₄⁺-N	(w)pH	(s)HCO₃^-	(s)NH₄⁺-N	(s)pH
BS	0.786**	0.807**	-0.696**	-0.689**	-0.316	0.756**
W+B	0.757**	-0.296	0.179	-0.645**	0.332	-0.669**

处理 Treatment	净光合速率 Net photosynthetic rate				胞间CO₂浓度 Intercellular CO₂ concentration
处理 Treatment	BS	BS-B	W+B	W	BS	BS-B	W+B	W
(w)HCO₃^-	0.362*	-0.456*	0.570**	-0.438*	-0.103	0.032	0.098	0.332
(w)NH₄⁺-N	0.250	0.586**	-0.348	-0.120	-0.088	0.040	0.172	0.181
(w)pH	-0.025	0.163	-0.045	0.092	0.305	0.246	0.183	0.059
(s)HCO₃^-	-0.159	0.279	-0.244	-0.270	0.222	0.183	0.076	0.098
(s)NH₄⁺-N	-0.017	-0.118	0.027	-0.258	0.055	0.118	0.072	0.274
(s)pH	0.296	0.580**	-0.365*	-0.428*	-0.123	0.023	0.014	0.131
CO₂释放速率 CO₂ release rate	0.224	0.639**	0.338	-0.426*	-0.051	0.160	0.121	0.117
¹³CO₂释放速率 ¹³CO₂ release rate	0.121		0.634**		-0.126		0.121

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Effect of CO2 Like Fertilization on Rice Growth by HCO3- in Biogas Slurry

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Effect of CO₂ Like Fertilization on Rice Growth by HCO₃^- in Biogas Slurry