中国天然草地氮磷流动空间特征

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.03.011

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】The objective of this study is to quantify the spatial characteristics of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) flow in natural grassland of China, and to provide a scientific basis for optimizing forage fertilization and increasing forage yield. 【Method】The input and output database of N and P in natural grassland of China was established, the nutrient balance budget, nutrient use efficiency and environmental emission characteristics in natural grassland of China were quantified by using NUFER model. 【Result】(1) In 2013, the total input of N and P in natural grassland of China was 5 034 Gg N and 318 Gg P, respectively. The N and P input per unit area in natural grassland was 19 kg N·hm^-2 and 1.2 kg P·hm^-2, respectively. The N deposition and the manure P applied accounted for 49% and 89% of total N and P input. The range of input (output) of N and P in natural grassland in different regions was 7.0-70 kg N·hm^-2 and 0.12-8.0 kg P·hm^-2; (2) In 2013, the use efficiency of N and P in natural grassland of China was 105% and 191%, respectively. There were great differences among different regions. The range of use efficiency of N and P was 67%-141%, 75%-538%, respectively; (3) In 2013, the environmental loss of N and P in natural grassland of China was 1.7 kg N·hm^-2 and 0.059 kg P·hm^-2, respectively. Ammonia emission and erosion were the main loss pathways of N and P in natural grassland, respectively. The N loss in natural grassland of Southwest and Northeast China was over 8.0 kg·hm^-2. The N loss of Northwest China was relatively low, which was less than 3.0 kg·hm^-2 on average. The N loss in Tibet plateau was the lowest, which was less than 1.0 kg·hm^-2. Spatial regularity of environmental P emission was similar to that of N emission; (4) In 2013, the total N and P deficit in natural grassland of China was 706 Gg N and 315 Gg P, respectively. The deficit per unit area of N and P was 2.7 kg N·hm^-2 and 1.2 kg P·hm^-2, respectively. The value of soil N accumulation in North and Southwest China was negative, and the soil N deficit in Chongqing, Jilin and Liaoning was more than 20 kg N·hm^-2. The value of soil nitrogen accumulation in West and Southwest China was positive, and the soil N accumulation in Guangxi and Yunnan was more than 5.0 kg N·hm^-2. Soil P accumulation in natural grassland of China was different from N accumulation. With the exception of Guangxi and Guizhou, all of other regions had a negative soil P accumulation. The P deficit of natural grassland in Chongqing was the largest, which was -3.7 kg P·hm^-2. 【Conclusion】In 2013, the total input of N and P in natural grassland of China was relatively low, about 50% of the N was input through the N deposition and 90% of the P was input by manure P applied. The soil accumulation of N and P in natural grassland of China was negative in 2013, and the N and P use efficiency was higher than 100%. The current grassland system was unsustainable and applying moderate chemical fertilizers was sensible. In 2013, the environmental loss of N and P in natural grassland of China was relatively low. The nutrient loss in Southwest China was larger than that in other regions. The spatial flow characteristics of N and P in natural grassland varied greatly among different regions.

Key words: natural grassland, nitrogen, phosphorus, nutrient flow, nutrient use efficiency, soil nutrient accumulation

WEI ZhiBiao, BAI ZhaoHai, MA Lin, ZHANG FuSuo. Spatial Characteristics of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Flow in Natural Grassland of China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(3): 523-534.

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Spatial Characteristics of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Flow in Natural Grassland of China

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