中国转基因棉花研发应用二十年

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.17.005

Abstract

Abstract: Genetic engineering mainly deals with the transfer and expression of functional genes into the targeted genome of an organism to have desired phenotype. This technique has stunned the limitations of sexual hybridization by allowing the transfer of genes among species from prokaryotes to eukaryotes, unicellular to multicellular, lower organisms to higher organisms and Vice versa. This technology has opened the avenues of research, and since its invention scientists are readily using it in the field of agriculture, forestry and medicine. The use of different techniques like agrobacterium mediated transformation has made it possible to transfer different genes to the targeted genomes for deploying the resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses like diseases, insect/pests, drought and salinity as well as for the improvement of yield and quality of plants. Since the birth of first transgenic tobacco in 1983, more than 200 plant species have been used by the researchers for genetic transformation and some thousands of transgenic plants of 40 species are under field trials. International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-Biotech Applications (ISAAA) has reported the dramatic increase in area under transgenic plant, i.e. 2.6 million hectares in 1996 to 181.5 million hectares in 2014 around the whole globe. The accumulated area of transgenic crops in the world is 80% more than the total land of China. With the global large scale adoption and application of transgenic plants development technology, seven transgenic plants also have been approved by Chinese government for general cultivation. Among these, insect resistant transgenic cotton including series of GK and SGK cotton cultivars developed by the Chinese scientists in 1994 and 1998 respectively, as well as the Boll guard imported from USA in 1995 was the only crop occupying the large cultivated area of China. This paper discussed the course of development of transgenic cotton for resistance against diseases, insects and herbicides as well as for the improvement of fiber yield and quality in China and improved methods of genetic transformation like Agrobacterium mediated, tissue culture, gene gun bombardment, pollen tube pathway, shoot tip, floral-dip and nano-carrier pollen mediated transformations. Finally this paper also discussed the biosafety system regarding the transgenic plants development, Bt cotton seed industry and future prospects of transgenic cotton in China.

Key words: insect resistant cotton, transgene, biosafety evaluation, variety, industrialization

GUO San-dui, WANG Yuan, SUN Guo-qing, JIN Shi-qiao, ZHOU Tao, MENG Zhi-gang, ZHANG Rui. Twenty Years of Research and Application of Transgenic Cotton in China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(17): 3372-3387.

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