Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2020, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (4): 707-719.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.04.004

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY·AGRICULTURE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Yield Gap of Ratoon Rice and Their Influence Factors in China

YuXian CAO1,JianQiang ZHU2,Jun HOU2()   

  1. 1 College of Life Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei
    2 College of Agronomy, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei
  • Received:2019-07-03 Accepted:2019-08-06 Online:2020-02-16 Published:2020-03-09
  • Contact: Jun HOU E-mail:houjungoodluck1@163.com

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Abstract:

【Objective】The yield gap and the influence factors of ratoon rice was investigated for revealing yield potential in this study, so as to provide a scientific basis for developing high-yielding and high-efficiency ratoon rice management practices.【Method】The publications were collected by searching in China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Web of Science by using the keywords of “ratoon rice yield, variety, fertilizer application, density, stubble height, planting methods and harvesting methods” and “ratoon rice, variety, fertilizer and China”, respectively. A total of 119 published literatures were collected. This study summarized the yield potential and yield gap for ratoon rice in China. Meta-analysis method was applied to quantify the effect of variety, fertilization, density, stubble height, planting and harvesting methods on yield of main and ratoon crops of ratoon rice. This paper made a preliminary illustration about the factors that affect yield gap and ways to close the yield gap.【Result】The ratoon rice yield potential was 11.65 t·hm -2 for main crop, 6.90 t·hm -2 for ratoon crop and 17.10 t·hm -2 in total. The sample average yield of main crop, ratoon crop, and total crop for ratoon rice was 71%, 53% and 68% of the corresponding yield potential, respectively. Indica and hybrid variety could increase the ratoon rice yield by 24%-19% and 18%-8% than japonica and inbred variety, respectively; Optimized N, P2O5 and K2O application rate was 168, 123 and 124 kg·hm -2 for main crop, and 145, 50 and 200 kg·hm -2for ratoon crop. Optimized density for ratoon rice was 22.4-29.1×10 4 hills/hm -2. Optimized stubble height was 40-50 cm. Artificial transplanting could increase ratoon crop yield and thus maximize the total yield; Manual harvesting yield of ratoon crop was 12% higher than mechanized harvesting. But it’s no significant difference between artificial transplanting/harvesting and mechanized planting/harvesting.【Conclusion】 There was still a huge room to increase the yield of ratoon rice, and the yield gap of main crop, ratoon crop and total was 3.38, 3.27 and 5.41 t·hm -2, respectively. Furthermore, suitable variety, fertilizer application rate, density, stubble height, planting and harvesting method were important to close yield gap. For ratoon rice, the main varieties were indica and hybrid variety. Compared to average yield from all the samples, the yield of main crop and ratoon crop could increase by 9% and 22% respectively after optimized fertilization. Suitable density could increase the yield by 8% for main crop, 17% for ratoon crop; For ratoon rice, the optimized stubble height was 40-50 cm. Mechanized planting/harvesting as simplified pattern with low labor input, could more suitable for Chinese modern agriculture.

Key words: ratoon rice, yield gap, variety, fertilizer application, density, stubble height

Fig. 1

Yield potential of ratoon rice Sample average yield is represented by the average of total samples, and recorded highest yield is represented by the average value of the highest 5% yield of collected articles"

Fig. 2

The relationship between ratoon rice yield and variety **, significant at 0.01 level; *, significant at 0.05 level. The error bar is standard deviation. The same as below"

Fig. 3

The relationship between main crop yield and fertilizer application rate"

Fig. 4

The relationship between ratoon crop yield and fertilizer application rate"

Fig. 5

The relationship between total yield and fertilizer application rate"

Fig. 6

The relationship between planting density and grain yield of main and ratoon crops"

Fig. 7

The relationship between ratoon crop yield and stubble height The middle solid line in the box indicate median, and the box boundaries indicate the 75% and 25% quartiles, the whisker caps indicate 95% and 5% quartiles, and the solid points indicate the vertical outliers"

Fig. 8

The relationship between ratoon rice yield and planting methods"

Fig. 9

The relationship between ratoon crop yield and harvesting methods"

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