玉米大豆间作降低小麦玉米轮作体系 土壤氮残留的效应与机制

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.13.010

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】 The purpose of this study was to clarify the impact of maize intercropping with soybean on the yield, nitrogen absorption content, soil water content and nitrate residue in wheat-maize rotation system. And the relative contribution of above-ground and below-ground to intercropping advantage was also distinguished, to provide a reference for improving soil productivity and optimizing resource allocation. 【Method】 Four treatments were set up in representative farmlands in Xushui County of Hebei Province from June 2011 to October 2012, including sole maize (T1), sole soybean (T2), maize intercropping with soybean but no root separation (T3), and maize intercropping with soybean with root separation (T4). Crop growth, soil water content and nitrate N concentration in several critical growth periods were monitored in real-time. 【Result】 Intercropping had obvious advantage compared to monoculture. Land equivalent ratio (LER) of maize intercropping with soybean was greater than 1, and its total N accumulation (256.1 kg·hm^-2) was significantly higher than sole maize (159.7 kg·hm^-2). Maize intercropping with soybean improved the system capacity mainly by promoting maize growing and nitrogen accumulation, of which above-ground could increase intercropped maize of biomass, yields and N accumulation by 81.6%, 83.4% and 75.7%, respectively, while the contribution of below-ground was only 18.4%, 16.6% and 24.3%, respectively. Soil water content of intercropped maize was significantly lower than that of sole maize, and soil water content of intercropped maize with root separation was significantly lower than that of intercropped maize without root separation. There was no significant difference in soil water content between intercropped soybean and sole soybean, while root separation had no significant effect on soybean. Compared to monoculture, intercropping system reduced soil nitrate N content of intercropped maize while increased that of intercropped soybean. Compared to no root separation, root separation had a slight effect on soil nitrate N content of intercropped maize but significantly decreased soil nitrate N content of intercropped soybean. No matter monoculture or intercropping in summer, yield and nitrogen accumulation by crop of their residual crop (wheat) had no significant difference, but intercropping could significantly reduce soil nitrate residue after wheat harvest (P＜0.05). Soil (0-100 cm) nitrate N residue of intercropping after wheat harvest reduced by 87.2 kg·hm^-2compared to sole maize, but the contribution of above-ground was 77.5% and that of below-ground was only 22.5%. 【Conclusion】 Intercropping in summer had significant yield advantages, and its N accumulation was higher than sole maize, of which the contribution of above-ground was greater than below-ground in intercropping system, while there was no significant impact on the succession wheat yield and N accumulation. Compared to monoculture, intercropping reduced soil water content of intercropped maize but had no effect on intercropped soybean, and soil nitrate N content of intercropped maize significantly reduced but that of intercropped soybean significantly increased, however, intercropping system could reduce soil nitrate residue of both the current and after-crop harvest.

Key words: maize, soybean, intercropping, root separation, yield, soil nitrogen, residual effect

ZHANG Yi-tao, REN Tian-zhi, LIU Hong-bin, LEI Qiu-liang, ZHAI Li-mei, WANG Hong-yuan, LIU Shen, YIN Chang-bin, ZHANG Ji-zong. Effect and Mechanism of Maize Intercropping with Soybean on Reducing Soil Nitrogen Residue in Wheat-Maize Rotation[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(13): 2580-2590.

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