直播栽培对双季早稻生育期、抗倒伏能力及产量效益的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.02.004

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of direct seeding cultivation on the growth period, lodging resistance, yield and economic benefits of different rice varieties, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the application and promotion of mechanized direct seeding rice. 【Method】 For the early rice in 2020 and 2021, the conventional rice varieties with a large area in Guangxi production, including Guiyu 9, Guiyu 11, Guiyefeng, Guangliangxiang 2, and hybrid rice Y Liangyou 1, were used as test materials. In the field, using the traditional manual transplanting as a control, the field was accurately direct seeding. A split plot design was used in this experiment with planting method as the main plot, with rice varieties as the split plot, and set up three replications. The length of the growth period was observed, the morphology of main stem and the characteristics of the basal stem, as well as the lodging indicators such as breaking resistance, bending moment and lodging index, were calculated, the yield and yield components were measured at the maturity stage, and the cost and economic benefits were calculated too. 【Result】(1) The growth period of direct seeding was shortened by about 2-6 days, which was mainly reflected in the period from sowing to the beginning of young spike. (2) The lodging resistance of direct seeding rice was relatively poor, and its plant height, center of gravity height and panicle dry weight were lower than that of transplanted rice; The stem thickness, wall thickness, fresh weight and dry weight of its N2 stem were also lower than that of transplanted rice, and the length of the stem of direct seeding rice was higher than that of transplanted rice, which might be the main reason for the weak lodging resistance of the direct rice. (3) Among the varieties tested, the actual yields of the remaining four rice varieties were lower than those of transplanted under direct-seeded cultivation, except for Yliangyou1. For varieties with relatively short growth period in the test materials, the yield under direct seeding conditions is significantly lower than that of transplanting, while for varieties with relatively long growth period, the yield difference between planting methods is not significant, among the yield components, the increase in the number of grains per panicle and the seed setting rate were the main factors for increasing the yield of direct seeding rice. (4) From the analysis of economic benefits, among the varieties tested, Guiyu 11, which had a shorter growth period, had a significantly lower yield and economic benefit in direct seeding method, and the economic benefits of direct seeding rice of the remaining four varieties were higher than those of transplanted rice; The main reason for this was that direct seeding rice saved labor costs in seedling and transplanting link. 【Conclusion】At present, it was an urgent to develop a light and simple production model of rice with the main goal of preserving area and increasing efficiency. Compared with transplanted rice, direct seeding rice had obvious advantages, such as shortening the growth period and reducing production costs. There was a certain risk of lodging, for the yield was easily affected by variety characteristics and environmental factors. Therefore, the lodging-resistant varieties with medium maturity, reasonable stem length at the base, thick stems and thick stem walls could be selected in the direct seeding cultivation of early rice. In cultivation management, the proportion of ear fertilizer should be appropriately increased to compensate for insufficient number of grains per panicle and seed setting rate could improve the yield of direct seeding rice.

Key words: rice, direct seeding, artificial transplanting, lodging resistance, yield

ZHANG XiaoLi, TAO Wei, GAO GuoQing, CHEN Lei, GUO Hui, ZHANG Hua, TANG MaoYan, LIANG TianFeng. Effects of Direct Seeding Cultivation Method on Growth Stage, Lodging Resistance and Yield Benefit of Double-Cropping Early Rice[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(2): 249-263.

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References 42

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[40]	杨波, 徐大勇, 张洪程. 直播、机插与手栽水稻生长发育、产量及稻米品质比较研究. 扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版), 2012, 33(2): 39-43.
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[41]	曾文涛. 水稻直播、移栽、机插的效益对比. 江西农业, 2019(14): 8-10.
	ZENG W T. Comparison of the benefits of rice direct seeding, transplanting and machine cutting. Jiangxi Agriculture, 2019(14): 8-10. (in Chinese)
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	ZHANG L Y, WANG H, TANG Z Q. Analysis of production efficiency and development strategy of direct-seeded rice in Liaoning province. Agricultural Economy, 2020(8): 24-25. (in Chinese)

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年份 Year	品种 Variety	栽培方式 Planting method	播种期 SS (M-D)	移栽期 Transplant stage (M-D)	幼穗分化期 PI (M-D)	始穗期 IH (M-D)	成熟期 MA (M-D)	播种期-幼穗分化期 SS-PI (d)	幼穗分化期-始穗期 PI-IH (d)	始穗期- 成熟期 IH-MA (d)	全生育期 Growth period (d)	相差天数 Days difference (d)
2020	桂育9号 Guiyu9	移栽AT	03-07	04-03	05-11	06-10	07-08	65	30	28	123	—
	桂育9号 Guiyu9	直播DS	03-07	—	05-10	06-09	07-06	63	30	28	121	2
	桂育11号 Guiyu11	移栽AT	03-07	04-03	05-08	06-07	07-05	63	30	28	119	—
	桂育11号 Guiyu11	直播DS	03-07	—	05-04	06-03	06-30	59	30	27	115	4
	广粮香2号 Guang liangxiang2	移栽AT	03-07	04-03	05-13	06-11	07-10	66	29	29	124	—
	广粮香2号 Guang liangxiang2	直播DS	03-07	—	05-11	06-08	07-07	64	29	29	122	2
	Y两优1号 Yliangyou1	移栽AT	03-07	04-03	05-14	06-13	07-18	68	30	35	133	—
	Y两优1号 Yliangyou1	直播DS	03-07	—	05-12	06-11	07-16	66	30	35	131	2
	桂野丰 Gui yefeng	移栽AT	03-07	04-03	05-12	06-09	07-05	66	28	26	120	—
	桂野丰 Gui yefeng	直播DS	03-07	—	05-07	06-04	06-29	61	28	25	113	6
2021	桂育9号 Guiyu9	移栽AT	03-02	03-29	05-06	06-05	07-03	65	30	28	123	—
	桂育9号 Guiyu9	直播DS	03-02	—	05-04	06-03	03-30	63	30	28	121	2
	桂育11号 Guiyu11	移栽AT	03-02	03-29	05-02	05-31	06-28	64	29	27	120	—
	桂育11号 Guiyu11	直播DS	03-02	—	04-29	05-28	06-25	61	29	27	117	3
	广粮香2号 Guang liangxiang2	移栽AT	03-02	03-29	05-07	06-04	07-04	65	29	30	124	—
	广粮香2号 Guang liangxiang2	直播DS	03-02	—	05-05	06-02	07-01	63	29	30	122	2
	Y两优1号 Yliangyou1	移栽AT	03-02	03-29	05-09	06-08	07-15	68	30	36	135	—
	Y两优1号 Yliangyou1	直播DS	03-02	—	05-07	06-06	07-11	66	30	36	132	3
	桂野丰 Gui yefeng	移栽AT	03-02	03-29	05-06	06-01	06-30	65	26	29	120	—
	桂野丰 Gui yefeng	直播DS	03-02	—	05-01	05-27	06-25	60	26	29	115	5

年份 Year	品种 Variety	栽培方式 Planting method	抗折力 Breaking resistance (N)	弯曲力矩 Bending moment (cm·g^-1)	倒伏指数 Lodging index (cm·g·N^-1)
2020	桂育9号 Guiyu9	直播DS	11.8A	2171.1b	204.7a
	桂育9号 Guiyu9	移栽AT	17.0B	2657.2a	164.0b
	桂育11号 Guiyu11	直播DS	9.5a	1710.4a	201.8a
	桂育11号 Guiyu11	移栽AT	13.5b	1928.5a	152.7b
	广粮香2号 Guangliangxiang2	直播DS	8.1a	1513.6a	204.3a
	广粮香2号 Guangliangxiang2	移栽AT	12.1b	1794.0a	156.7b
	桂野丰 Guiyefeng	直播DS	8.3a	1734.2a	206.9a
	桂野丰 Guiyefeng	移栽AT	11.8b	1897.3a	189.7a
	Y两优1号 Yliangyou1	直播DS	14.8a	2402.3a	168.4a
	Y两优1号 Yliangyou1	移栽AT	17.8b	2691.5a	154.6a
2021	桂育9号 Guiyu9	直播DS	12.1a	2784.2a	244.3a
	桂育9号 Guiyu9	移栽AT	12.8a	2663.8a	224.8a
	桂育11号 Guiyu11	直播DS	13.6B	1862.4a	147.0a
	桂育11号 Guiyu11	移栽AT	17.9A	2099.4a	130.7a
	广粮香2号 Guangliangxiang2	直播DS	9.7a	2072.3a	222.2a
	广粮香2号 Guangliangxiang2	移栽AT	10.9a	1970.8a	188.3a
	桂野丰 Guiyefeng	直播DS	7.9a	1991.6a	269.1a
	桂野丰 Guiyefeng	移栽AT	9.7a	1854.2a	202.7b
	Y两优1号 Yliangyou1	直播DS	11.3B	2521.9a	244.6a
	Y两优1号 Yliangyou1	移栽AT	17.8A	2738.8a	165.8b
	年份Year (Y)		0.053	15.686**	12.27**
	品种Variety (V)		28.743**	44.891**	9.568**
	栽培方式Treatment (T)		66.25**	8.677**	32.508**
	Y×V		7.353**	1.179	5.698**
	Y×T		1.437	6.667*	0.475
	V×T		1.085	0.742	0.198
	Y×V×T		2.585	1.153	2.194

年份 Year	品种 Variety	栽培方式 Planting method	株高 Plant height (cm)	重心高度 Gravity center height (cm)	相对重心高度 Ratio of gravity center height to plant height (%)	穗长 Panicle length (cm)	穗干重 Spike dry weight (g)
2020	桂育9号 Guiyu9	直播DS	128.65a	54.91A	42.71A	24.52a	2.59a
	桂育9号 Guiyu9	移栽AT	134.29b	58.01B	43.27B	25.64a	3.63a
	桂育11号 Guiyu11	直播DS	118.38A	53.47a	42.88a	24.60a	2.96a
	桂育11号 Guiyu11	移栽AT	124.93B	53.91a	45.61a	25.85a	3.23a
	广粮香2号 Guangliangxiang2	直播DS	117.82a	54.02a	45.86a	26.37a	2.77a
	广粮香2号 Guangliangxiang2	移栽AT	123.40b	54.62a	44.26a	27.15a	3.15a
	桂野丰 Guiyefeng	直播DS	119.18A	56.52a	47.47a	25.28a	2.81a
	桂野丰 Guiyefeng	移栽AT	125.49B	57.24a	45.65a	24.22a	3.50a
	Y两优1号 Yliangyou1	直播DS	127.33A	54.84a	43.10a	26.95a	2.64a
	Y两优1号 Yliangyou1	移栽AT	134.22B	55.93a	41.74a	26.20a	3.88a
2021	桂育9号 Guiyu9	直播DS	123.02a	51.28a	41.83a	24.43a	4.18a
	桂育9号 Guiyu9	移栽AT	127.85a	52.72a	41.09a	24.72a	4.23a
	桂育11号 Guiyu11	直播DS	113.68a	43.30a	37.91a	25.94a	3.60a
	桂育11号 Guiyu11	移栽AT	114.34a	45.91a	40.43a	25.73a	3.67a
	广粮香2号 Guangliangxiang2	直播DS	118.40a	44.23B	37.37B	27.36a	3.38a
	广粮香2号 Guangliangxiang2	移栽AT	119.93a	49.59A	41.39A	26.63a	3.48a
	桂野丰 Guiyefeng	直播DS	114.18a	44.59b	38.33B	24.54B	3.36a
	桂野丰 Guiyefeng	移栽AT	116.39a	48.39a	42.45A	26.63A	3.61a
	Y两优1号 Yliangyou1	直播DS	121.25a	53.86a	44.42a	25.39A	4.01a
	Y两优1号 Yliangyou1	移栽AT	124.98a	54.15a	43.34a	27.11B	4.81b
	年份Year (Y)		66.97**	281.01**	114.99**	0.915	29.17**
	品种Variety (V)		36.64**	29.31**	4.27**	18.23**	11.37**
	栽培方式 Plant Method (P)		27.47**	22.62**	0.357	0.44	9.78**
	Y×V		2.569	17.35**	21.32**	2.066	0.481
	Y×P		10.61**	4.65*	24.84**	0.12	0.375
	V×P		0.771	1.167	2.044	3.343*	0.799
	Y×V×P		0.914	2.512	5.758**	6.60**	0.548

年份 Year	品种 Variety	栽培方式 Planting method	第二节间N2 internodes
年份 Year	品种 Variety	栽培方式 Planting method	长度 Length (cm)	粗度 diameter (cm)	茎壁厚度 Culm wall thickness (mm)	茎秆鲜重 Wet weight of culm (g/stem)	茎秆干重 Dry weight of culm (g/stem)
2020	桂育9号 Guiyu9	直播DS	7.69a	5.54a	1.26a	1.01A	0.16a
	桂育9号 Guiyu9	移栽AT	7.47a	5.93a	1.29a	1.29B	0.23a
	桂育11号 Guiyu11	直播DS	6.58a	5.02a	1.08b	0.72a	0.11a
	桂育11号 Guiyu11	移栽AT	6.50a	5.34a	1.33a	0.86a	0.14a
	广粮香2号 Guangliangxiang2	直播DS	6.97a	4.53a	1.31a	0.58a	0.09a
	广粮香2号 Guangliangxiang2	移栽AT	6.41a	4.81a	1.35a	0.73a	0.14a
	桂野丰 Guiyefeng	直播DS	6.78a	4.65a	1.11b	0.58b	0.12a
	桂野丰 Guiyefeng	移栽AT	6.74a	5.01a	1.38a	0.76a	0.22a
	Y两优1号 Yliangyou1	直播DS	6.28a	5.13a	1.22b	0.99a	0.14a
	Y两优1号 Yliangyou1	移栽AT	5.94a	5.65a	1.44a	1.06a	0.15a
2021	桂育9号 Guiyu9	直播DS	8.24a	6.34a	1.11B	1.27a	0.20a
	桂育9号 Guiyu9	移栽AT	6.57a	6.61a	1.30A	1.15a	0.24a
	桂育11号 Guiyu11	直播DS	7.54a	5.81a	1.09a	1.05a	0.15a
	桂育11号 Guiyu11	移栽AT	3.18a	6.17a	1.12a	0.96a	0.16a
	广粮香2号 Guangliangxiang2	直播DS	5.85a	5.74a	1.11a	0.66a	0.14a
	广粮香2号 Guangliangxiang2	移栽AT	5.33a	5.96a	1.18a	0.82a	0.19a
	桂野丰 Guiyefeng	直播DS	12.33a	5.57B	0.99a	1.14a	0.17B
	桂野丰 Guiyefeng	移栽AT	5.52a	6.75A	0.94a	1.37a	0.27A
	Y两优1号 Yliangyou1	直播DS	7.26a	4.07a	1.24a	1.16a	0.17a
	Y两优1号 Yliangyou1	移栽AT	5.10b	6.50a	1.23a	1.23a	0.20a
	年份Year (Y)		4.133*	97.11**	23.96**	39.74**	7.036*
	品种Variety (V)		4.672**	8.41**	4.39**	22.58**	4.216**
	栽培方式 (P)		9.27**	18.16**	12.00**	9.372**	11.29**
	Y×V		0.693	1.233	1.735	6.917**	0.072
	Y×P		9.386**	0.314	3.573	2.356	0.049
	V×P		2.638*	0.817	0.223	0.789	1.253
	Y×V×P		1.984	0.798	2.146	1.503	0.094

指标 Index	株高 Plant height	重心高度 GCH	相对重心高度 RGCH	穗长 Panicle length	穗干重 Spike dry weigh	N2节间长度 Length	N2节间粗度 Diameter	N2茎壁厚度 Culm wall thickness	N2节间鲜重g Wet weight of culm	N2节间干重 Dry weight of culm	弯曲力矩 BM	倒伏指数 LI
重心高度 Gravity center height	0.755**
相对重心高度 Ratio of gravity center height to plant height	0.298	0.734**
穗长 Panicle length	-0.094-	-0.159	-0.086
穗干重 Spike dry weight	0.125	-0.206	-0.290	-0.043
N2节间长度 Length	0.099	0.125	0.071	-0.714**	-0.126
N2节间粗度 Diameter	0.011	-0.424	-0.633**	0.115	0.618**	-0.266
茎壁厚度 Culm wall thickness	0.709**	0.660**	0.465*	0.039	0.038	-0.056	-0.312
鲜重 Wet weight of culm	0.240	-0.090	-0.264	-0.140	0.679**	0.211	0.621**	-0.136
干重 Dry weight of culm	0.260	-0.054	-0.235	-0.246	0.695**	0.095	0.670**	-0.023	0.785**
弯曲力矩BM	0.568**	0.087	-0.299	-0.092	0.653**	0.071	0.492**	0.188	0.677**	0.532**
倒伏指数LI	-0.102	-0.150	-0.018	-0.399	-0.020	0.400	-0.122	0.307	0.084	0.153	0.089
抗折力BR	0.483**	0.203	-0.136	0.189	0.480**	-0.213	0.401	0.394	0.402	0.253	0.609**	-0.696**

Effects of Direct Seeding Cultivation Method on Growth Stage, Lodging Resistance and Yield Benefit of Double-Cropping Early Rice

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品种 Variety	栽培方式 Plant method	年份 Year	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)	产值 Production value (yuan/hm²)	育秧环节 Seedling (yuan/hm²)	插秧环节transplanting (yuan/hm²)	除草环节 Weed controling (yuan/hm²)	共性成本 Common costs (yuan/hm²)	经济效益Economic benefit (yuan/hm²)	两者效益差异 Benefit difference (yuan/hm²)
桂育9号 Guiyu9	直播 DS	2020	7656.30	20672.01	0	450	1500	14250	4472.01	241.37
	直播 DS	2021	8098.05	21864.74	0	450	1500		5664.74
	移栽 AT	2020	9347.85	25239.20	550	4500	60		5879.20
	移栽 AT	2021	8568.45	23134.82	550	4500	60		3774.82
桂育11号 Guiyu11	直播 DS	2020	7611.75	20551.73	0	450	1500	14250	4351.73	-256.78
	直播 DS	2021	8919.75	24083.33	0	450	1500		7883.33
	移栽 AT	2020	9792.90	26440.83	550	4500	60		7080.83
	移栽 AT	2021	9269.55	25027.79	550	4500	60		5667.79
广粮香2号 Guangliangxiang2	直播 DS	2020	7077.60	19109.52	0	450	1500	14250	2909.52	378.87
	直播 DS	2021	7156.35	19322.15	0	450	1500		3122.15
	移栽 AT	2020	8546.55	23075.69	550	4500	60		3715.69
	移栽 AT	2021	7747.50	20918.25	550	4500	60		1558.25
Y两优1号 Yliangyou1	直播 DS	2020	9347.85	25239.20	0	450	1500	14250	9039.20	3054.90
	直播 DS	2021	10580.55	28567.49	0	450	1500		12367.49
	移栽 AT	2020	9436.80	25479.36	550	4500	60		6119.36
	移栽 AT	2021	10569.45	28537.52	550	4500	60		9177.52
桂野丰 Guiyefeng	直播 DS	2020	7923.30	21392.91	0	450	1500	14250	5192.91	1060.48
	直播 DS	2021	8714.40	23528.88	0	450	1500		7328.88
	移栽 AT	2020	8991.75	24277.73	550	4500	60		4917.73
	移栽 AT	2021	9201.15	24843.11	550	4500	60		5483.11

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[12]	SANG ShiFei,CAO MengYu,WANG YaNan,WANG JunYi,SUN XiaoHan,ZHANG WenLing,JI ShengDong. Research Progress of Nitrogen Efficiency Related Genes in Rice [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(8): 1479-1491.
[13]	GUI RunFei,WANG ZaiMan,PAN ShengGang,ZHANG MingHua,TANG XiangRu,MO ZhaoWen. Effects of Nitrogen-Reducing Side Deep Application of Liquid Fertilizer at Tillering Stage on Yield and Nitrogen Utilization of Fragrant Rice [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(8): 1529-1545.
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年份 Year	品种 <BOLD>V</BOLD>ariety	栽培方式 Plant method	有效穗 Effective panicles (×10⁴·hm^-2)	每穗粒数 Grains per panicle	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	结实率 Seed setting rate (%)	理论产量 Theoretical yield (kg·hm^-2)	实际产量 Actual production (kg·hm^-2)
2020	桂育9号 Guiyu9	直播DS	292.1a	173a	24.06a	72.72a	9812.96a	7656.30A
	桂育9号 Guiyu9	移栽AT	329.5a	192a	23.46a	78.95a	10556.84a	9347.85B
	桂育11号 Guiyu11	直播DS	363.5a	179a	22.67a	59.52a	8779.95a	7611.75A
	桂育11号 Guiyu11	移栽AT	343.9a	195b	21.51b	76.16b	10986.17b	9792.90B
	广粮香2号 Guangliangxiang2	直播DS	333.0a	173a	19.68a	76.13a	8631.39a	7077.60a
	广粮香2号 Guangliangxiang2	移栽AT	332.3a	174a	20.03a	82.55a	9559.89a	8546.55b
	Y两优1号 Yliangyou1	直播DS	316.7a	164a	27.30a	75.94a	11424.10a	9347.85a
	Y两优1号 Yliangyou1	移栽AT	339.2a	174b	27.42a	81.28a	12397.04a	9436.80a
	桂野丰 Guiyefeng	直播DS	389.5a	178a	20.27a	59.72a	8392.31a	7923.30a
	桂野丰 Guiyefeng	移栽AT	368.7a	183a	19.22a	73.43a	9521.25a	8991.75a
2021	桂育9号 Guiyu9	直播DS	291.2a	173a	23.12a	80.45a	9368.78a	8098.05a
	桂育9号 Guiyu9	移栽AT	276.0a	188a	22.32a	89.97b	10421.51a	8568.45a
	桂育11号 Guiyu11	直播DS	401.7A	147a	21.29a	80.08a	10555.05a	8919.75a
	桂育11号 Guiyu11	移栽AT	343.5B	177b	21.57a	83.95a	10502.77a	9269.55a
	广粮香2号 Guangliangxiang2	直播DS	303.9a	148a	20.91a	84.20a	7919.41A	7156.35a
	广粮香2号 Guangliangxiang2	移栽AT	335.9a	165a	21.21a	88.92a	10453.72B	7747.50a
	Y两优1号 Yliangyou1	直播DS	340.2a	138a	28.38a	89.13a	11875.11A	10569.45a
	Y两优1号 Yliangyou1	移栽AT	336.5a	169b	27.10b	89.90a	13855.34B	10580.55a
	桂野丰 Guiyefeng	直播DS	337.1a	187a	19.19a	81.71a	9885.16a	8714.40a
	桂野丰 Guiyefeng	移栽AT	343.2a	192a	18.77a	82.05a	10149.18a	9201.15a