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Note: The papers published below will continue to be available from this page until they are assigned to an issue. To see an article, click its [PDF] link. To review many abstracts, check the boxes to the left of the titles you want, and click the 'Selected articles' button. To see one abstract at a time, click its [Abstract] link. Please wait a minute... For Selected: Download Citations EndNote Ris BibTeX Toggle Thumbnails Select Water and nitrogen footprint assessment of integrated agronomic practice management in a summer maize cropping system Ningning Yu, Bingshuo Wang, Baizhao Ren, Bin Zhao, Peng Liu, Jiwang Zhang DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.061 Online: 19 April 2024 Abstract （1）      PDF in ScienceDirect       The footprints of water and nitrogen (WF and NF) provide a comprehensive overview of the type and quantity of water consumption and reactive nitrogen (Nr) loss in crop production. In this study, a field experiment over two years (2019 and 2020) compared three integrated agronomic practice management (IAPM) systems: An improved management system (T2), a high-yield production system (T3), and an integrated soil-crop management system (ISCM) using a local smallholder farmer's practice system (T1) as control, to investigate the responses of WF, Nr losses, water use efficiency (WUE), and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) to IAPM. The results showed that IAPM optimized water distribution and promoted water use by summer maize. The evapotranspiration over the whole maize growth period of IAPM increased, but yield increased more, leading to a significant increase in WUE. The WUE of the T2, T3, and ISCM treatments was significantly greater than in the T1 treatment, in 2019 and 2020 respectively, by 19.8-21.5, 31.8-40.6, and 34.4-44.6%. The lowest WF was found in the ISCM treatment, which was 31.0% lower than that of the T1 treatment. In addition, the ISCM treatment optimized soil total nitrogen (TN) distribution and significantly increased TN in the cultivated layer. Excessive nitrogen fertilizer was applied in treatment T3, producing the highest maize yield, and resulting in the highest Nr losses. In contrast, the ISCM treatment used a reduced nitrogen fertilizer rate, sacrificing grain yield partly, which reduced Nr losses and eventually led to a significant increase in nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen recovery. The Nr level in the ISCM treatment was 34.8% lower than in the T1 treatment while NUE was significantly higher than in the T1 treatment by 56.8-63.1% in 2019 and 2020, respectively. Considering yield, WUE, NUE, WF, and NF together, ISCM should be used as a more sustainable and clean system for sustainable production of summer maize. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select The life-history trait trade-offs mediated by reproduction and immunity in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stål Dan Sun, Hongfeng Wang, Jiahui Zeng, Qiuchen Xu, Mingyun Wang, Xiaoping Yu, Xuping Shentu DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.062 Online: 19 April 2024 Abstract （1）      PDF in ScienceDirect       Reproduction and immune defense are costly functions, and they are expected to tradeoff with each other to drive evolution. The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens Stål (Hemiptera, Delphacidae), is a global superpest that mostly damages rice crops. Yeast-like symbionts (YLS) exist in the abdominal fat body tissue and are tightly associated with the development, growth, and reproduction of BPH. Our previous research demonstrated that mating behavior promotes the release of YLS from the fat body into the hemolymph in the BPH, thereby triggering an immune response. Additionally, the fitness costs related to life-history traits of BPH (such as survival rate) have a strong dependence on the relative abundance of YLS. However, the possible relationship between reproduction and the immune response in BPH has not been identified. In this study, an omics-based approach was used to analyze the transcriptome of fat body tissues in mated and unmated BPH at 72 h post-eclosion, from which two antimicrobial peptide genes, NlDefensin A (NlDfA) and NlDefensin B (NlDfB), were selected since they were highly expressed in mated BPH. Subsequently, the full-length cDNA sequences of the NlDfA and NlDfB genes were cloned and analyzed. qPCR results showed up-regulation of the NlDfA and NlDfB genes in mated BPH when compared to unmated BPH. Spatial-temporal expression analysis indicated that the NlDfA and NlDfB genes were expressed in all tissues and developmental stages, and they were most highly expressed in the fat body at 24 h post-eclosion. Moreover, the symbionts in BPH were significantly inhibited by the in vitro expression of the NlDfA and NlDfB proteins. Furthermore, RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated suppression of NlDfA and NlDfB dramatically increased the relative abundance of YLS in the fat body, while YLS in the hemolymph decreased significantly. These BPH also displayed some fitness disadvantages in survival, fecundity, hatchability, and possibly the vertical transmission of YLS from hemolymph to egg. Our results indicated that mating could heighten the immunity of BPH by up-regulating the expression of the NlDfA and NlDfB genes, which protect the host from pathogen challenge during reproduction. However, the reduced content of YLS may act as a fitness disadvantage in dictating the life-history traits of BPH. This work has significant theoretical and practical implications for the precise green control technology that involves crucial gene targeting, as well as for the “endosymbionts for pest control” strategy in insects. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Vesicular transport-related genes in Diaphorina citri are involved in the process of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus infection Yingzhe Yuan, Tao Peng, Aijun Huang, Jun He, Chenyang Yuan, Tianyuan Liu, Long Yi, Xuejin Cui, Xuefeng Wang, Changyong Zhou DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.063 Online: 19 April 2024 Abstract （1）      PDF in ScienceDirect       Asian citrus psyllid (ACP, Diaphorina citri) is the major vector of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), which is a bacterial pathogen causing the devastating citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) disease. Diaphorina citri is known to carry CLas in a persistent and propagative manner. Some studies have suggested that CLas may use the vesicular structures of D. citri cells as its propagation organelles. However, the mechanisms by which CLas enters the D. citri cells and how vesicle-mediated trafficking is involved remain unclear. In this study, we monitored the titer change of CLas in D. citri nymphs during the process of CLas acquisition from feeding on infected citrus plants. We found that the titer of CLas increased with the acquisition access period. After infection, there was a significant upregulation in the expression of several vesicular transport-related genes in D. citri. The titer of CLas was significantly reduced in the midgut and whole insect body when endocytosis and the endosome network in D. citri were inhibited. Furthermore, silencing the D. citri clathrin-heavy chain gene also led to a reduction in the CLas titer in D. citri. These results suggest that CLas infection upregulates the genes related to vesicular transport in D. citri, which facilitates the invasion of endocytosis-dependent pathogens. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Geographical origin identification of winter jujube (Ziziphus jujuba ‘Dongzao’) by using multi-element fingerprinting with chemometrics Xiabing Kong, Qiusheng Chen, Min Xu, Yihui Liu, Xiaoming Li, Lingxi Han, Qiang Zhang, Haoliang Wan, Lu Liu, Xubo Zhao, Jiyun Nie DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.065 Online: 19 April 2024 Abstract （1）      PDF in ScienceDirect       Winter jujube (Ziziphus jujuba ‘Dongzao’) is greatly appreciated by consumers for its excellent quality, but brand infringement frequently occurs in the market. Here, we first determined a total of 38 elements in 167 winter jujube samples from the main winter jujube producing areas of China by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). As a result, 16 elements (Mg, K, Mn, Cu, Zn, Mo, Ba, Be, As, Se, Cd, Sb, Ce, Er, Tl and Pb) exhibited significant differences in samples from different producing areas. Supervised linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and orthogonal projection to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) showed better performance in identifying the origin of samples than unsupervised principal component analysis (PCA). LDA and OPLS-DA had a mean identification accuracy of 87.84% and 94.64% in the testing set, respectively. By using the multilayer perceptron (MLP) and C5.0, the prediction accuracy of the models could reach 96.36% and 91.06%, respectively. Based on the above four chemometric methods, Cd, Tl, Mo and Se were selected as the main variables and principal markers for the origin identification of winter jujube. Overall, this study demonstrates that it is practical and precise to identify the origin of winter jujube through multi-element fingerprint analysis with chemometrics, and may also provide reference for establishing the origin traceability system of other fruits. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select The multiple roles of crop structural change in productivity, nutrition and environment in China: A decomposition analysis Xiangyang Zhang, Yumei Zhang, Shenggen Fan DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.064 Online: 19 April 2024 Abstract （2）      PDF in ScienceDirect       China’s crop structure has undergone significant changes in the last two decades since 2000, with an increase in the share of cereals, vegetables, and fruit, squeezing out other crops. The land productivity, nutrient supply and carbon emissions also changed as a result. How to reallocate limited farmland among crops to achieve the multiple goals of agrifood systems becomes an important issue. This study explores the sources of land productivity and nutrition supply growth and carbon emissions reduction and identifies the multiple roles of crop structural change during 2003 to 2020 based on a decomposition analysis. The results reveal that the growth within crops is still the major driver in the growth of land productivity and nutrition supply, and carbon emissions reduction. However, structural change also plays various roles at different periods. During 2003 to 2010, crop structural change increased the total calorie supply, but lowered land productivity and contributed at least 70% of the total growth of carbon emissions. The crop structure was relatively stable, and their effects were modest during 2010 to 2015. During 2015 to 2020, the crop structural change began to play a greater role and generate synergistic effects in improving land productivity, micronutrients supply and reducing carbon emissions, with the contribution to approximately a quarter of the growth of land productivity and the 30% of total carbon emissions reduction. These results implicate that crop structural change strategy should comprehensively consider its multiple impacts and try to achieve co-benefits and reduce trade-offs. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select What factors control plant height? Li Miao, Xiangyu Wang, Chao Yu, Chengyang Ye, Yanyan Yan, Huasen Wang DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.058 Online: 18 April 2024 Abstract （4）      PDF in ScienceDirect       Plant height (PH) is one of the most important components of a plant ideotype, affecting plant biomass, yields, lodging resistance, and the ability to use mechanized harvesting. As many complex pathways controlling plant growth and development remain poorly understood, we are still unable to obtain the most ideal plants solely through breeding efforts. Plant height can be influenced by genotypes, plant hormone regulations, environmental conditions, and interaction with other plants. Here, we comprehensively review the factors influenced PH, including the regulation of PH-related development processes, the genetics and QTLs contributing to PH, and the hormone-regulated molecular mechanisms for PH. Additionally, the symbiotic influence of grafting on PH was discussed focusing on molecular regulation of gene expressions and genetics. Finally, we proposed strategies on how to apply recent findings to breeding for better PH, highlighted some knowledge gaps, and suggested potential directions for future studies. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select VIGS and CRISPR/Cas9 techniques were established to verify RsPDS function in radish Jiali Ying, Yan Wang, Liang Xu, Tiaojiao Qin, Kai Xia, Peng Zhang, Yinbo Ma, Z Keyun Hang, Lun Wang, Junhui Dong, Lianxue Fan, Yuelin Zhu, Liwang Liu DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.059 Online: 18 April 2024 Abstract （5）      PDF in ScienceDirect       Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein (CRISPR/Cas) system are effective technologies for rapid and accurate gene function verification in modern plant biotechnology. However, the investigation of gene silencing and editing in radish remains limited. In this study, the bleaching phenotype was generated through the knockdown of RsPDS using tobacco rattle virus (TRV)- and turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV)-mediated gene silencing vector. The TYMV-mediated gene silencing efficiency was higher than the TRV-based VIGS system in radish. The expression level of RsPDS was significantly inhibited using VIGS in ‘NAU-067’ radish leaves. The rootless seedlings of ‘NAU-067’ were infected with Agrobacterium rhizogenes using the 2300GN-Ubi-RsPDS-Cas9 vector with two target sequences. Nine adventitious roots occurred blue with GUS staining, amongst which four of these adventitious roots were edited at target sequence 1 of RsPDS gene with Sanger sequencing. Furthermore, the albino lines were generated with A. tumefaciens-mediated transformation of radish cotyledons. Five base substitutions and three base deletions occurred at target sequence 2 in Line 1, and three base insertions and three base substitutions occurred at target sequence 1 in Line 2. The VIGS and CRISPR/Cas9 techniques could be employed to precisely verify the biological functions of genes in radish. Consequently, it would facilitate the genetic improvement of vital horticultural traits in radish breeding programs. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Duplicated CHSs (chalcone synthase) genes modulate flavonoid production in tea plants in response to light stress Mingzhuo Li, WenZhao Wang, Yeru Wang, Lili Guo, Yajun Liu, Xiaolan Jiang, Liping Gao, Tao Xia DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.060 Online: 18 April 2024 Abstract （4）      PDF in ScienceDirect       In tea plants, the abundant flavonoid compounds are responsible for the health benefits for the human body and define the astringent flavor profile. While the downstream mechanisms of flavonoid biosynthesis have been extensively studied, the role of chalcone synthase (CHS) in this secondary metabolic process within tea plants remains less clear. In our current study, we compared the evolutionary profile of the flavonoid metabolism pathway and discovered that gene duplication of CHS occurred in tea plants. We identified three CsCHS genes, along with a CsCHS-like gene, as potential candidates for further functional investigation. Unlike the CsCHS-like gene, the CsCHS genes effectively restored flavonoid production in Arabidopsis chs-mutants. Additionally, CsCHS transgenic tobacco plants exhibited higher flavonoid compound accumulation compared to their wild-type counterparts. Most notably, our examination of promoter and gene expression levels for the selected CHS genes revealed distinct responses to UV-B stress in tea plants. Our findings suggest that environmental factors such as UV-B exposure could be key drivers behind the gene duplication events in CHS. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Novel characterization of NADC30-like and NADC34-like PRRSV strains in China: epidemiological status and pathogenicity analysis of L1A variants Hu Xu, Siyu Zhang, Zhenyang Guo, Chao Li, Bangjun Gong, Jinhao Li, Qi Sun, Jing Zhao, Menglin Zhang, Lirun Xiang, Yan-dong Tang, Chaoliang Leng, Jianan Wu, Qian Wang, Jinmei Peng, Guohui Zhou, Huairan Liu, Tongqing An, Xuehui Cai, Zhi-Jun Tian, Hongliang Zhang DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.056 Online: 17 April 2024 Abstract （3）      PDF in ScienceDirect       NADC34-like Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), which first appeared in China in 2017, is currently one of the main epidemic strains in China. In this study, we found that a new variant of NADC34-like PRRSV evolved, named the L1A variant. The phylogenetics, epidemic status, and pathogenicity of the LA variants were subsequently comprehensively evaluated. Based on the results of the ORF5 phylogenetic analysis, the L1A variants were classified as NADC34-like PPRSV. All the strains had the same discontinuous 131-aa deletion in the NSP2 region (similar to that in the NADC30). Recombination analysis revealed that the L1A variants were recombinant viruses that contained an NADC30-like PRRSV skeleton, a nonstructural protein-encoding gene region obtained in part from JXA1-like PRRSV and a ORF2-ORF6 gene region partly obtained from NADC34-like PRRSV and that exhibited similar recombination patterns. We successfully isolated the L1A variant TZJ2756 from PAMs and Marc-145 cells. In animal experiments, TZJ2756 exhibited moderate pathogenicity in piglets, causing obvious clinical symptoms, namely, persistent fever, significantly reduced body weight, interstitial edema and severe interstitial pneumonia in the lungs, and prolonged high-load viremia. L1A variants have been detected in at least 12 provinces in China and share many similar epidemiological characteristics with the American L1C variant. This research will enhance our understanding of the prevalence of L1A variants and furnish valuable data for the ongoing monitoring of NADC34-like PRRSV in China. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Disruption of a microvitellogenin gene impairs eggshell formation in Mythimna separata Lingling Li, Junhong Fu, Changgeng Dai, Yuhang Zhou, Yang Hu, Hongbo Li DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.057 Online: 17 April 2024 Abstract （3）      PDF in ScienceDirect       Microvitellogenin (mVg) belongs to the lepidopteran-specific lipoprotein_11 super family and is thought to be involved in insect reproduction. However, the function of mVg in reproduction has not been established. In this study, we identified and characterized MsmVg in Mythimna separata, a destructive insect pest of grain crops. MsmVg is comprised of a 1,310 bp ORF encoding 437 amino acids. Structural analysis showed that MsmVg contains three conserved domains in the lipoprotein_11 super family, including the all-α-N-terminal domain (NTD), a Pseudomonas putida homologous domain (PPD), and an all-β-C-terminal domain (CTD). MsmVg was highly expressed in mature female adults and enriched in the ovaries of three-day-old female adults. Disruption of MsmVg by RNA interference did not change the expression of MsmVg, vitellogenin (MsVg) or the vitellogenin receptor (MsVgR) in fat bodies, but it inhibited their transcription in ovaries. Phenotype analysis showed that knockdown of MsmVg did not affect yolk deposition in ovaries, but impaired eggshell formation and led to a reduction in the reproductive capacity. Furthermore, knockdown of MsmVg significantly inhibited the expression of genes associated with eggshell formation (MsChP1-3 and MsFcP3C). Taken together, these data suggest that MsmVg plays an important role in female reproduction by affecting eggshell formation in M. separata, which provides a potential target for managing this insect pest. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select A bacterial protein Rhp-PSP inhibits plant viral proliferation through endoribonuclease activity Lijie Chen, Qianze Peng, Xiaohua Du, Weixing Zhang, Ju’e Cheng, Shu’e Sun, Deyong Zhang, Pin Su, Yong Liu DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.051 Online: 16 April 2024 Abstract （3）      PDF in ScienceDirect       Plant virus causes massive crop losses globally. However, there is currently no effective measure to control plant viral disease. Previously, we identify an antiviral protein Rhp-PSP, produced by the bacterial Rhodopseudomonas palustris strain JSC-3b. In this study, we discover that the antiviral activity of Rhp-PSP relies on its endoribonuclease activity. Convert the arginine (R) residue at position 129 onto alanine (A) abolish its endoribonuclease activity on coat protein (CP) RNA of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), consequentially, compromised the antiviral activity of Rhp-PSP. Further investigation demonstrates that, the mutant Rhp-PSPR129A is unable to form the homotrimer as the wild type, indicating the importance of quaternary junction for the endoribonuclease activity. Overexpression of Rhp-PSP in Nicotiana benthamiana significantly enhances the resistance against TMV of seedlings, while expression of Rhp-PSPR129A did not, confirming that endoribonuclease activity is responsible for the antiviral activity of Rhp-PSP. In addition, foliar spray of Rhp-PSP solution on tomato and pepper plants significantly reduces the disease index of viral diseases, indicating that Rhp-PSP shows potential to develop antiviral agent in practice. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select 3D genomic alterations during development of skeletal muscle in chicken Zhongxian Xu, Tao Wang, Wei Zhu, Maosen Yang, Dong Leng, Ziyu Li, Jiaman Zhang, Pengliang Liu, Zhoulin Wu, Mengnan He, Yan Li, Hua Kui, Xue Bai, Bo Zeng, Yao Zhang, Qing Zhu, Xiaoling Zhao, Mingzhou Li, Diyan Li DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.052 Online: 16 April 2024 Abstract （4）      PDF in ScienceDirect       The development of skeletal muscle are complicated processes involving genes responsible for proper muscle morphology, contractility, cell proliferation, differentiation, interactions, migration, and death. The three-dimensional chromatin architecture of skeletal muscle development has not been studied intensively although dynamic transcriptional regulation during differentiation of muscle cells is one of the most deeply studied processes. The RNA-seq was used to analyze the transcriptome pattern during chicken muscle development across 12 stages. Hi-C was used to build a chromatin architectures during four representative stages. ChIP-seq was conducted to identify enhancers in these four stages, which are occupied by histone H3K27ac and H3K4me3 peaks. Results show that large-scale genome architecture changes are mostly unidirectional, and coupled by complex on/off dynamic patterns of gene expression. Specifically, we observed 258.30 Mb of the genome undergoing A/B compartment switching. Notable alterations (316.57 Mb) of interaction frequencies within TADs were observed. Substantial aging-associated genes exhibited ascending connectivity with the compartment transition from repressive to active status during muscle development. Some muscle-related gene promoters that interacted with active enhancers during development, and some myopathy/aging-associated genes that were activated in aging muscle were founded. These results provide key insights into skeletal muscle development in vivo, and offer a valuable resource that allows in-depth functional characterization of candidate genes. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Immunogenicity and efficacy of an LNP-mRNA prepared from African Swine Fever Virus K205R Chuanwen Tian, Yingnan Liu, Dongdong Di, Zhenhua Xie, Yao Li, Rongrong Wang, Jie Li, Jingyi Liu, Hongjun Chen DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.053 Online: 16 April 2024 Abstract （6）      PDF in ScienceDirect       Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Protein disulfide isomerase MoPdi1 regulates fungal development, virulence, and endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis in Magnaporthe oryzae Yu Wang, Xiaoru Kang, Xinyue Cui, Jinmei Hu, Yuemin Pan, Yizhen Deng, Shulin Zhang DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.054 Online: 16 April 2024 Abstract （6）      PDF in ScienceDirect       Rice blast, caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, is a fungal disease that causes devastating damage to rice production worldwide. During infection, pathogens secrete effector proteins that modulate plant immunity. Disulfide bond formation catalyzed by protein disulfide isomerases (PDI) is essential for protein folding and maturation. However, the biological function of Pdi1 in M. oryzae has not yet been characterized. In this study, we identified the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-located protein, MoPdi1, in M. oryzae. MoPdi1 regulates conidiation, cell wall stress, and pathogenicity of M. oryzae. Furthermore, the CGHC active sites in the a and a’ redox domain of MoPdi1 were essential for the biological function of MoPDI1. Further tests demonstrated that MoPdi1 was involved in the regulation of ER stress and positively regulated ER phagy. We also found that MoPdi1 interacted with MoHut1. Deletion of MoPDI1 led to the bereft of MoHut1 dimerization, which depends on the formation of disulfide bonds. In addition, MoPdi1 affected the normal secretion of the cytoplasmic effector AVR-Pia. We provided evidence that MoHut1 is important for the vegetative growth, conidiation, and pathogenicity in M. oryzae. Therefore, our findings could provide a suitable target point for designing antifungal agrochemicals against rice blast fungus. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Genetic and biological properties of H9N2 avian influenza viruses isolated in central China from 2020 to 2022 Libin Liang, Yaning Bai, Wenyan Huang, Pengfei Ren, Xing Li, Dou Wang, Yuhan Yang, Zhen Gao, Jiao Tang, Xingchen Wu, Shimin Gao, Yanna Guo, Mingming Hu, Zhiwei Wang, Zhongbing Wang, Haili Ma, Junping Li DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.055 Online: 16 April 2024 Abstract （6）      PDF in ScienceDirect       The H9N2 subtype of avian influenza virus (AIV) is widely prevalent in poultry and wild birds globally, and has become the predominant subtype circulating in poultry in China. The H9N2 AIV can directly or indirectly (by serving as a “donor virus”) infect humans, posing a significant threat to public health. Currently, there is a lack of in-depth research on the prevalence of H9N2 viruses in Shanxi Province, central China. In this study, we isolated 14 H9N2 AIVs from October 2020 to April 2022 in Shanxi Province, and genetic analysis revealed that these viruses belonged to seven different genotypes. Our study on animals revealed that the H9N2 strains we identified displayed high transmission efficiency among chicken populations, and exhibited diverse replication abilities within these birds. These viruses could replicate efficiently in the lungs of mice, with one strain also demonstrating the capacity to reproduce in organs like the brain and kidneys. At the cellular level, the replication ability of different H9N2 strains was evaluated using plaque formation assays and multi-step growth curve assays, revealing significant differences in the replication and proliferation efficiency of the various H9N2 viruses at the cellular level. The antigenicity analysis suggested that these isolates could be classified into two separate antigenic clusters. Our research provides crucial data to help understand the prevalence and biological characteristics of H9N2 AIVs in central China. It also highlights the necessity of enhancing the surveillance of H9N2 AIVs. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Control of highly pathogenic avian influenza through vaccination Xianying Zeng, Jianzhong Shi, Hualan Chen DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.044 Online: 15 April 2024 Abstract （9）      PDF in ScienceDirect       The stamping-out strategy has been used to control highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in many countries, driven by the belief that vaccination would not be successful against such viruses and fears that avian influenza virus in vaccinated birds would evolve more rapidly and pose a greater risk to humans. In this article, we summarize the successes in controlling highly pathogenic avian influenza in China and make suggestions regarding the requirements for vaccine selection and effectiveness. In addition, we present evidence that vaccination of poultry not only eliminates human infection with avian influenza virus, but also significantly reduces and abolishes some harmful characteristics of avian influenza virus. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Mitigation of N2O emissions in water-saving paddy fields: Evaluating organic fertilizer substitution and microbial mechanisms Delei Kong, Xianduo Zhang, Qidong Yu, Yaguo Jin, Peikun Jiang, Shuang Wu, Shuwei Liu, Jianwen Zou DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.047 Online: 15 April 2024 Abstract （5）      PDF in ScienceDirect       Water-saving irrigation strategies can successfully alleviate methane emissions from rice fields, but significantly stimulate nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions because of variations in soil oxygen level and redox potential. However, the relationship linking soil N2O emissions to nitrogen (N) functional genes during various fertilization treatments in water-saving paddy fields has rarely been investigated. Furthermore, the mitigation potential of organic fertilizer substitution on N2O emissions and the microbial mechanism in rice fields must be further elucidated. Our study examined how soil N2O emissions were affected by related functional microorganisms [ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), nirS, nirK and nosZ] to various fertilization treatments in a rice field in southeast China over two years. In this study, three fertilization regimes were applied to rice cultivation: a no nitrogen (N) (Control), an inorganic N (Ni), and an inorganic N with partial N substitution with organic manure (Ni+No). Over two rice-growing seasons, cumulative N2O emissions averaged 0.47, 4.62 and 4.08 kg ha−1 for the Control, Ni and Ni+No treatments, respectively. In comparison to the Ni treatment, the Ni+No fertilization regime considerably reduced soil N2O emissions by 11.6% while maintaining rice yield, with a lower N2O emission factor from fertilizer N (EF) of 0.95%. Nitrogen fertilization considerably raised the AOB, nirS, nirK and nosZ gene abundances, in comparison to the Control treatment. Moreover, the substitution of organic manure for inorganic N fertilizer significantly decreased AOB and nirS gene abundances and increased nosZ gene abundance. The AOB responded to N fertilization more sensitively than the AOA. Total N2O emissions significantly correlated positively with AOB and nirS gene abundances while having a negative correlation with nosZ gene abundance and the nosZ/nirS ratio across N-fertilized plots. In summary, we conclude that organic manure substitution for inorganic N fertilizer decreased soil N2O emissions primarily by changing the soil NO3−-N, pH and DOC levels, thus inhibiting the activities of ammonia oxidation in nitrification and nitrite reduction in denitrification, and strengthening N2O reduction in denitrification from water-saving rice paddies. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Straw interlayer improves sunflower root growth: Evidence from moisture and salt migration and the microbial community in saline-alkali soil Mengmeng Chen, Guoli Wang, Yupeng Jing, Jie Zhou, Jiashen Song, Fangdi Chang, Ru Yu, Jing Wang, Weini Wang, Xia Sun, Hongyuan Zhang, Yuyi Li DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.048 Online: 15 April 2024 Abstract （5）      PDF in ScienceDirect       A straw interlayer added to soil can effectively reduce soil salinity effects on plant growth, however, the effects of soil moisture, salt and microbial community composition on plant growth under a straw interlayer are unclear. A rhizobox study was conducted to investigate the role of straw interlayer thickness on soil moisture, salt migration, microbial community composition, as well as root growth in sunflower. The study included four treatments: Control (no straw interlayer); S3 (straw interlayer of 3.0 cm); S5 (straw interlayer of 5.0 cm); S7 (straw interlayer of 7.0 cm). Straw interlayer treatments increased soil moisture by 8.2%-11.0% after irrigation and decreased soil salt content after the bud stage in 0-40 cm soil. Total root length, total root surface area, average root diameter, total root volume and the number of root tips of sunflower plants were higher under straw interlayer treatments than in the control, and were highest under the S5 treatment. This stimulated root growth was ascribed to the higher abundance of Chloroflexi and Verrucomicrobia bacteria in soil with a straw interlayer, which was increased by 55.7 and 54.7%, respectively, in the S5 treatment. Addition of a straw interlayer of 5 cm thickness is a practical and environmentally feasible approach for improving sunflower root growth in saline-alkali soil. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Eureka lemon zinc finger protein ClDOF3.4 interacts with citrus yellow vein clearing virus coat protein to inhibit viral infection Ping Liao, Ting Zeng, Mengyang Huangfu, Cairong Zheng, Jiequn Ren, Changyong Zhou, Yan Zhou DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.049 Online: 15 April 2024 Abstract （6）      PDF in ScienceDirect       Citrus yellow vein clearing virus (CYVCV) is a new citrus virus that has become an important factor restricting the development of China’s citrus industry, and the CYVCV coat protein (CP) is associated with viral pathogenicity. In this study, the Eureka lemon zinc finger protein (ZFP) ClDOF3.4 was shown to interact with CYVCV CP in vivo and in vitro. Transient expression of ClDOF3.4 in Eureka lemon induced the expression of salicylic acid (SA)-related and hypersensitive response marker genes, and triggered a reactive oxygen species burst, ion leakage necrosis, and the accumulation of free SA. Furthermore, the CYVCV titer in ClDOF3.4 transgenic Eureka lemon plants was approximately 69.4% that in control plants 6 months after inoculation, with only mild leaf chlorotic spots observed in those transgenic plants. Taken together, the results indicate that ClDOF3.4 not only interacts with CP but also induces an immune response in Eureka lemon by inducing the SA pathways. This is the first report that ZFP is involved in the immune response of a citrus viral disease, which provides a basis for further study of the molecular mechanism of CYVCV infection. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select A rapid and visual detection method for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus by targeting S gene Xingqi Liu, Zengguo Cao, Boyi Li, Pei Huang, Yujie Bai, Jingbo Huang, Zanheng Huang, Yuanyuan Zhang, Yuanyuan Li, Haili Zhang, Hualei Wang DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.050 Online: 15 April 2024 Abstract （6）      PDF in ScienceDirect       Reference | Related Articles | Metrics page Page 1 of 14 Total 270 records First page Prev page Next page Last page