长期施用磷肥和有机肥黄壤微生物量磷特征

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.06.010

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The seasonal dynamics of microbial biomass phosphorus (MBP) in yellow soils under different long-term fertilization treatments were studied to understand the influence of long-term application of P and organic fertilizer on P nutrients cycling and P nutrients available for plant uptake. 【Method】 Six treatments, including CK, NK, NPK, M, 0.5MNP and MNPK, were investigated in a 22-year (1995-2016) long-term fertilization experiment at Guiyang (Guizhou Province) of China. 0-20 cm soil layer was collected at before sowing, seedling stage, jointing stage, flowering stage and after harvest of maize, respectively, and to determine MBP, soil available P (AP), acid phosphatase (ACP) activity, and calculate the MBP turnover time and turnover amount. 【Result】 The results showed that, compared with NK treatment, the mean value of MBP content and microbial P content (MPC) in different maize growing periods under the treatments of P and organic fertilizer application were significantly increased by 123.9%-446.2% and 85.0%-268.2%, respectively, with MNPK treatment increasing the most. Under the same amount of P application, the MBP content under M and 0.5MNP treatments was 26.7% and 32.7% higher than that of NPK treatment. MBP and MPC of NK treatment were the lowest at flowering stage, while the MBP content of P and organic fertilizer application treatments were the highest in maize growth period. The MPC showed a "double peak" curve with the growth period, and the highest content was at seedling stage and flowering stage. Compared with CK, the MBP turnover time of NK treatment was shortened by 405 days, and the MBP turnover amount was increased by 50.9%. Compared with NK treatment, the MBP turnover amount increased by 19.2%-156.4%, and MBP turnover time was prolonged by 248-391 days under the treatments of P and organic fertilizer application, which indicated that application of P and organic fertilizer could increase MBP storage capacity and decrease its turnover rate. The amount of soil available P and P uptake of maize plant under the treatments of P and organic fertilizer application were 3.63-7.27 times and 1.77-1.97 times of NK treatment, respectively. The acid phosphatase activity in each treatment was ranked as NK>M, MNPK>CK, NPK, 0.5MNP, and the mean value of NK treatment increased by 10.2%-21.0% compared with other treatments. Correlation analysis showed that soil available P was the most important soil factor affecting the MBP content and MBP turnover amount, while acid phosphatase activity was the most important soil factor affecting the MBP turnover time. 【Conclusion】 To sum up, soil MBP could reflect the P supply level, and the storage and turnover of MBP were of great significance for improving the potential P supply capacity of yellow soil. Long-term application of P and organic fertilizer could increase soil available P sink, soil P cycling and P available for plant uptake, increase P uptake of maize plants.

Key words: long-term fertilization, soil microbial biomass P, maize, phosphorus fertilizer, organic fertilizer, yellow soil

YanLing LIU,Yu LI,Yan ZHANG,YaRong ZHANG,XingCheng HUANG,Meng ZHANG,WenAn ZHANG,TaiMing JIANG. Characteristics of Microbial Biomass Phosphorus in Yellow Soil Under Long-Term Application of Phosphorus and Organic Fertilizer[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(6): 1188-1198.

Figures/Tables 9

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处理 Treatment	pH	有机质 Organic matter (g·kg^-1)	全氮 Total N (g·kg^-1)	有效磷 Available P (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K (mg·kg^-1)
不施肥CK	6.74	47.3	1.99	9.87	86.3
氮钾肥NK	5.86	35.8	1.73	9.37	221.7
氮磷钾化肥NPK	6.45	37.1	2.01	31.63	155.3
有机肥M	7.18	57.7	2.71	31.30	452.3
1/2有机肥+1/2氮磷化肥 0.5MNP	6.88	49.5	2.50	33.83	335.3
全量有机肥+全量氮磷钾化肥MNPK	7.01	52.9	2.10	51.00	443.5

处理 Treatment	鲜牛厩肥 Cow manure (t·hm^-2)	N (kg·hm^-2)	P₂O₅ (kg·hm^-2)	K₂O (kg·hm^-2)
CK	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
NK	0.0	165.0	0.0	82.5
NPK	0.0	165.0	82.5	82.5
M	61.1	165.0	79.4	366.6
0.5MNP	30.6	165.0	81.0	183.3
MNPK	61.1	330.0	161.9	449.1

来源 Source	因变量 Dependent variable	自由度DF	F值 F value	P值P value
施肥处理 Fertilization (F)	微生物量磷MBP	5	458.4	<0.01
	微生物含磷量MPC	5	104.3	<0.01
	有效磷AP	5	155.0	<0.01
	酸性磷酸酶ACP	5	26.6	<0.01
生育时期 Growth period (G)	微生物量磷MBP	4	178.1	<0.01
	微生物含磷量MPC	4	90.2	<0.01
	有效磷AP	4	0.6	0.657
	酸性磷酸酶ACP	4	353.9	<0.01
施肥处理×生育时期F×G	微生物量磷MBP	20	21.7	<0.01
	微生物含磷量MPC	20	10.5	<0.01
	有效磷AP	20	0.6	0.868
	酸性磷酸酶ACP	20	4.1	<0.01

处理 Treatment	年累加同化量 Accumulative assimilate P (mg·kg^-1·a^-1)	年累加矿化量 Accumulative mineral P (mg·kg^-1·a^-1)	年周转量 Turnover amount (TA) (mg·kg^-1·a^-1)	年周转强度 Turnover intensity (%)	周转期 Turnover time (TT) (a)	玉米吸磷量 P uptake by maize (kg·hm^-2)
CK	0.62	10.8	11.4	53.0	1.89	13.8
NK	7.12	10.1	17.2	127.5	0.78	16.7
NPK	4.77	15.8	20.5	68.7	1.46	30.0
M	7.87	16.8	24.6	61.7	1.62	29.5
0.5MNP	3.63	16.9	20.5	54.0	1.85	30.2
MNPK	19.9	24.2	44.1	60.2	1.66	32.9

	ACP	MBP	MPC	TA	TT
AP	-0.120	0.969**	0.970**	0.936**	0.350
ACP	1.000	-0.120	-0.219	0.193	-0.899*
pH	-0.474	0.685	0.498	0.474	0.770
OM	-0.064	0.692	0.408	0.584	0.462
TN	0.032	0.714	0.458	0.652	0.335
AK	0.103	0.835*	0.628	0.816*	0.262

Characteristics of Microbial Biomass Phosphorus in Yellow Soil Under Long-Term Application of Phosphorus and Organic Fertilizer

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