Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2019, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (20): 3637-3647.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.20.014

• SPECIAL FOCUS: SOIL WATER AND FERTILIZER MANAGEMENT IN GREENHOUSE VEGETABLE FIELDS • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effect of Applying Chicken Manure and Phosphate Fertilizer on Soil Phosphorus Under Drip Irrigation in Greenhouse

ZhiPing LIU1,2,XuePing WU1(),RuoNan LI3,FengJun ZHENG1,MengNi ZHANG1,ShengPing LI1,XiaoJun SONG1   

  1. 1 Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
    2 Institute of Agricultural Resource Environment, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan 030031
    3 Institute of Agricultural Resource Environment, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051
  • Received:2019-05-30 Accepted:2019-08-21 Online:2019-10-16 Published:2019-10-28
  • Contact: XuePing WU E-mail:wuxueping@caas.cn

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Abstract:

【Objective】 Aiming at the problem of phosphorous accumulation in greenhouse soil, the effects of applying chicken manure and phosphorus fertilizer on phosphorus accumulation in soil under drip irrigation were studied.【Method】 The solar greenhouse in North China Plain using drip irrigation was taken as research object. Five treatments were designed, including no fertilizer (CK), single phosphate (P1), single chicken manure (OM), chicken manure and reduced phosphate fertilization (OM+P1), chicken manure and habitual phosphate fertilization (OM+P2), to reveal the enrichment and transformation, migration and distribution in vertical section of soil at different growth stages and availability of inorganic phosphate form in soil.【Result】 The results showed that the combination of chicken manure and phosphate fertilizer significantly increased the accumulation and residue of total phosphorus, available phosphorus (Olsen-P) and inorganic phosphorus in soil. In the soil layer of 0-20 cm, total phosphorus content decreased with the development of cucumber growth period, highest in seeding stage and lowest in late fruiting stage period. Under different fertilization treatments, total phosphorus contents were significantly different, and the sequence of each growth period was OM+P2 treatment>OM+P1 treatment>P1 treatment>OM treatment>CK treatment. The Olsen-P contents at different levels in the soil profile varied greatly. In seedling stage, the range was 44.43-86.08 mg·kg -1 at soil of 0-20 cm, 6.51-10.05 mg·kg -1 at soil of 20-40 cm, and there was very little variability in soil layer lower than 40 cm. The effect of water on the movement of phosphorus was slight under the condition of drip irrigation in greenhouse. So Olsen-P mainly concentrated in the soil layer of 0-20 cm, which accounted for 68.76-87.78% of the available phosphorus in soil profile of 0-100 cm in each growth period. Compared with CK, the other treatments increased the proportion of Olsen-P in total phosphorus by 1.23%-2.47%. The sequence of inorganic phosphorus content of different forms in soil layer of 0-20 cm was Ca10-P>Ca8-P>O-P>Ca2-P>Al-P>Fe-P, among which, the proportion of Ca-P was the highest (79.55%-83.35%). As the amount of phosphorus fertilizer increased, so did the accumulation of phosphorus. The contents of Ca8-P, Ca2-P, Al-P, Fe-P and Ca10-P under fertilization treatments were all significantly higher than that under CK, with Ca8-P increased the most, followed sequentially by Ca2-P, Al-P and Fe-P. Phosphate fertilizer would be converted into Ca8-P through Ca2-P soon after it was applied into the soil, which accumulated in the soil in a slow manner. Among all forms of inorganic phosphorus, Ca8-P accumulated the most, Al-P and Fe-P also accumulated to a certain extent.【Conclusion】 Traditional excessive fertilization caused phosphorus remaining in the soil in the forms of Ca8-P, Al-P and Fe-P, resulting in the accumulation of soil phosphorus and waste of phosphorus fertilizer. On the basis of 30,000 kg·hm -2 chicken manure, adding phosphate fertilizer had no significant effect on increasing yield but obviously increased the residual accumulation of phosphorus. If only chicken manure was applied, the dosage should not exceed 30 000 kg·hm -2. If inorganic phosphate fertilizer was combined, the amount of chicken manure should be reduced, while the inorganic phosphate fertilizer rate should be less than 300 kg·hm -2. The specific amount and proportion of fertilizer application need further study and discussion.

Key words: cucumber, greenhouse, chicken manure, phosphate fertilizer, inorganic phosphate fraction, phosphate accumulation and transformation, available phosphorus

Table 1

Content of basic nutrient in 0-20 cm layer of soil in greenhouse"

pH 有机质
SOM (g·kg-1)		 硝态氮
NO-3-N (mg·kg-1)		 铵态氮
NH4+-N (mg·kg-1)		 速效钾
NH4OAC-K (mg·kg-1)		 全磷
TP (g·kg-1)		 有效磷
Olsen-P (mg·kg-1)
8.1 15.0 5.5 19.4 60.0 1.0 40.2

Table 2

Bulk densities and field capacity of the original soil"

土壤深度
Soil depth (cm)		 土壤容重
Soil bulk density (g·cm-3)		 田间持水量
Field capacity (%)
0-20 1.35 19.11
20-40 1.52 16.87
40-60 1.48 22.04
60-80 1.36 23.02
80-100 1.42 20.18

Table 3

Experimental treatments and fertilization schedule"

处理
Treatment		 无机肥 Inorganic fertilizer (kg·hm-2) 鸡粪 Chicken manure (kg·hm-2) 总养分 Total nutrient (kg·hm-2)
P2O5 N K2O P2O5 N K2O P2O5 N K2O
CK 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
P1 300 600 525 0 0 0 300 600 525
OM 0 600 525 906 405 621 906 1005 1146
OM+P1 300 600 525 906 405 621 1206 1005 1146
OM+P2 675 600 525 906 405 621 1581 1005 1146

Table 4

Moisture control at different growth stages of cucumber"

生育时期
Growth period		 土壤深度
Soil depth (cm)		 田间持水量的百分数
Percentage
of field capacity (%)
苗期Seedling stage 0-20 75-90
产瓜初期 Early fruiting stage 0-40 80-95
产瓜盛期Vigorous fruiting stage 0-60 80-95
产瓜末期Late fruiting stage 0-60 75-90

Fig. 1

Effects of various fertilization treatments on soil pH"

Fig. 2

Effect of various fertilization treatments on the total amount of P in 0-20 cm layer of soil"

Fig. 3

Effect of various fertilization treatments on the amount of Olsen-P in soil"

Fig. 4

Effects of various fertilization treatments on different forms of inorganic P content of the 0-20 cm layer of soil Different letters above the bars indicate a significant difference (P<0.05) among treatments at the same growth stage. The same symbols were used in the following figures"

Fig. 5

Cucumber yields under the various treatments (t·hm-2)"

Table 5

Correlation coefficients (r) between the content of inorganic P in different forms and Olsen-P"

生育时期 Growth period Ca2-P Ca8-P Ca10-P Al-P Fe-P O-P
苗期Seedling stage 0.974** 0.699 0.835 0.991** 0.859 0.319
产瓜初期 Early fruiting stage 0.992** 0.974** 0.691 0.973** 0.862 0.964*
产瓜盛期Vigorous fruiting stage 0.962** 0.911* 0.695 0.929* 0.696 0.696
产瓜末期Late fruiting stage 0.929** 0.919* 0.672 0.945* 0.781 0.845

Table 6

Correlation coefficients (r) between Olsen-P and inorganic P in soil and cucumber yield at different growth stages"

生育时期Growth period Olsen-P Ca2-P Ca8-P Ca10-P Al-P Fe-P O-P
苗期Seedling stage 0.887* 0.906* 0.691 -0.313 0.934* 0.595 0.482
产瓜初 Early fruiting stage 0.933* 0.912* 0.86 0.007 0.918* 0.759 0.989**
产瓜盛期Vigorous fruiting stage 0.963** 0.999** 0.886* -0.03 0.985** 0.695 0.607
产瓜末期Late fruiting stage 0.897* 0.973* 0.774 0.472 0.931* 0.475 0.738
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