施肥方式对设施菜地氨挥发的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.01.011

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The massive ammonia (NH₃) volatilization from excessive nitrogen (N) fertilization is a common issue in greenhouse cultivated vegetable production in China. To alleviate this problem, a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different fertilization methods on NH₃ volatilization of greenhouse vegetable fields.【Method】 The study was carried out with 6 fertilization treatments via one-time basal fertilization and two-time topdressings, including N fertilizer-blank treatment (Control), conventional fertilization treatment (CF), 20% N-reduced slow-release fertilizer treatment (SF), 20% N-reduced organic fertilizer treatment (OF), 20% N-reduced microbial fertilizer treatment (MF) and integrated management of water and fertilizer treatment (IM). Except for the Control treatment, an identical application ratio of N, P and K fertilizers was employed to each treatment throughout the whole vegetable growing season. The NH₃ volatilization fluxes under different fertilization methods were observed by using venting absorption method. The potential influencing factors of NH₃ volatilization were also investigated synchronously.【Result】 The dynamics of NH₃ volatilization under different fertilization treatments were similar, and the occurrence of the peaks of NH₃ flux was highly associated with fertilization time. During basal fertilization period, for the most of treatments, the NH₃ fluxes peaks appeared 3-days after the application of basal fertilizer, while it was only 1-day under IM treatment. The maximum fluxes of NH₃ ranged from 0.12 to 0.26 kg NH₃·hm^-2·h^-1 during basal fertilization period. The occurrence of the peaks of NH₃ fluxes were ahead by 1-2 days during topdressing periods. The maximum fluxes of NH₃ volatilization were 0.08-0.19 kg NH₃·hm^-2·h^-1 during the first topdressing period, and 0.13-0.18 kg NH₃·hm^-2·h^-1 during second topdressing period. Significant differences were found among different fertilization treatments in the seasonal cumulative NH₃ volatilizations. The seasonal cumulative NH₃ volatilizations in the decreasing order of different treatments were CF, MF, OF, SF, IM, Control. Compare with CF treatment, the treatments of SF and IM markedly reduced NH₃ volatilization from greenhouse vegetable field by 24.2% and 42.4% (P<0.05), and reduced by 10.1% and 8.3% (P>0.05) under MF and OF treatments, respectively. The NH₃ volatilization-induced N losses in the decreasing order of different treatments were MF, OF, CF, SF, IM. Compare with the rest of the applied treatments, the IM treatment consistently showed lower NH₃-N loss rate during the whole season. However, the NH₃-N loss rates under MF and OF treatments were different during basal fertilization and topdressing periods. In the basal fertilization period, the MF and OF treatments showed lower NH₃-N loss rates compare with CF treatment, however, during topdressing period, the NH₃-N loss rates under MF and OF treatments were higher than that under CF treatment. 【Conclusion】 Compare with CF treatment, both of the SF and IM treatments could significantly reduce the NH₃ volatilization that derived from applied N fertilizer. The IM treatment reduced NH₃-N-induced N fertilizer loss in both basal fertilization and topdressing periods, while the SF treatment mainly reduced the NH₃ volatilization during basal fertilization period. On balance, both the application of slow-release fertilizer and the technique of integrated management of water and fertilizer were the effective ways in the reduction of NH₃ volatilization from greenhouse vegetable field, and were worthy for recommendation.

Key words: greenhouse vegetable fields, fertilization method, ammonia volatilization, nitrogen loss

WANG Cong,SUN HuiFeng,XU ChunHua,WANG ZhanFu,ZHANG JiNing,ZHANG XianXian,CHEN ChunHong,ZHOU Sheng. Effects of Fertilization Methods on Ammonia Volatilization from Vegetable Field Under Greenhouse Cultivation[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(1): 123-133.

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References 44

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处理 Treatment	基肥氮损失率 NH₃-induced N loss from basal fertilizer (%)	追肥-Ⅰ氮损失率 NH₃-induced N loss from topdressing - Ⅰ (%)	追肥-Ⅱ氮损失率 NH₃-induced N loss from topdressing - Ⅱ (%)	全季氮损失率 Seasonal NH₃ volatilization-induced N loss (%)
CF	11.9±1.1ab*	18.3±3.6ab	18.8±2.4a	15.0±0.7a
SF	9.1±0.9bc	19.2±4.3ab	19.8±1.6a	14.1±0.6a
OF	11.3±0.2ab	21.5±1.0a	23.8±5.4a	16.7±1.6a
MF	13.1±1.3a	20.2±2.3ab	22.5±4.6a	17.1±1.3a
IM	6.8±0.9c	8.4±0.9c	14.3±0.7a	10.0±0.8b

Effects of Fertilization Methods on Ammonia Volatilization from Vegetable Field Under Greenhouse Cultivation

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试验处理 Treatment	基肥 Basal fertilizer (kg·hm^-2)			追肥-Ⅰ Topdressing-Ⅰ (kg·hm^-2)			追肥-Ⅱ Topdressing-Ⅱ (kg·hm^-2)			总施肥量 Total amount (kg·hm^-2)
试验处理 Treatment	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
Control	—	96	96	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	96	96
CF	120	120	120	30	—	—	50	—	—	200	120	120
SF	96	96	96	24	—	—	40	—	—	160	96	96
OF	96	96	96	24	—	—	40	—	—	160	96	96
MF	96	96	96	24	—	—	40	—	—	160	96	96
IM	96	84	72	24	4.5	9	40	7.5	15	160	96	96

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