国家粮食安全与农业双碳目标的双赢策略

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.18.009

Abstract

Abstract:

Food security is of vital importance for national safety, and carbon peaking and neutralization have become China’s long-term strategies. China is a large country in grain consumption, and more than 95% of China’s demand of grain and important agricultural products depend on domestic agricultural production. Meanwhile, the agriculture sector is one of the main sources of carbon emission and also the important pool of carbon sequestration. Given the great potential of carbon sequestration and emission mitigation, the agriculture sector can play a great role in achieving both national food security and double-carbon goals. Based on literature review and the authors’ research summary, therefore, the authors systematically discussed the inter-linkages and win-win strategy between food security and double-carbon goals. The results showed that there were a lot of tradeoffs and synergies between food security and double-carbon goals, especially between yield enhancement and carbon sequestration, yield enhancement and carbon emission mitigation, and carbon sequestration and emission mitigation, as well as between agricultural institutes and their supporting policies. The effects of the synergies were greater than those of the tradeoffs. Moreover, double-carbon goals of agricultural sectors and green high-quality development were highly consistent in their directions and also complementary in their targets. Research practices and technology demonstration further proved that agricultural double-carbon goal and national food security could achieve win-win situation through technological innovation and supporting policy creation. According to the new trends of China’s agriculture development, the carbon emission of crop production sector has almost reached its peak. Thus, the peak value and peaking time of agricultural carbon emission under the background of food security would depend on the requirements of animal husbandry development and the improvement of people's living standards. And the achievement of agricultural carbon neutral would mainly depend on the emission reduction of non-CO₂ greenhouse gases, such as CH₄, and the efforts of comprehensive carbon sequestration in agricultural ecosystem. Although agricultural carbon emission would reach to peak in the near future, the setting of carbon peak goal should not affect national food security and the improvement of people’s lives. However, agricultural carbon neutral is very difficult to achieve, both carbon sequestration and emission reduction should be implemented together, and the emission reduction of non-CO₂ greenhouse gases, such as agricultural CH₄, should be given a priority. In summary, it is a systematic project to achieve agricultural double-carbon goals under food security, which needs a great efforts and comprehensive support of scientific and technological innovation of agricultural carbon sequestration and emission reduction, the foundation of agricultural carbon monitoring and evaluation methods, and the creation of new coordinating mechanisms and supporting policies of government agencies related to agriculture. Our research can provide important references for national and local governments to set the goals and action plans of agricultural carbon peak and carbon neutral, as well as new ideas for scientific and technological innovation and supporting policy creation of agricultural carbon sequestration and emission reduction.

Key words: grain production, climate change, carbon emission peak, carbon neutral, greenhouse gas, carbon sequestration

ZHANG WeiJian, YAN ShengJi, ZHANG Jun, JIANG Yu, DENG Aixing. Win-Win Strategy for National Food Security and Agricultural Double-Carbon Goals[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(18): 3892-3902.

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