单粒播种与施磷对间作花生种间竞争和生长的调控效应

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.23.008

Abstract

Abstract:

【Background】Maize (Zea mays) intercropping with peanut (Arachis hypogaea) (maize||peanut) has outstanding interspecific effects between aboveground and underground, and the intercropping advantage in yield is prominent, which plays an important role in alleviating the conflict between oil and grain in our country. However, peanut is at the disadvantage of interspecific competition, which becomes the bottleneck restricting the further improvement of intercropping advantage.【Objective】The objective of this study is to explore the regulation measures and mechanism of enhancing peanut interspecific competition in maize||peanut system, and to provide theoretical basis and technical support for maize||peanut high-yield cultivation.【Method】Maize ‘Zhengdan 958’ and peanut ‘Huayu 16’ were used as test materials in the experimental farm of Henan University of Science and Technology from 2021 to 2022. A completely randomized block experiment with three factors: planting pattern, peanut sowing method and phosphorus application rate was set up. In other words, planting patterns were peanut monoculture and maize||peanut, peanut seeding methods were single-seed sowing and double-seed sowing, and phosphorus application rates were 0 (P₀) and 180 kg P₂O₅·hm^-2(P₁₈₀). Peanut double-seed sowing of maize||peanut was used as control, effects of peanut single-seed sowing on interspecific competitiveness of intercropping peanut over maize, net photosynthetic rate, maximum growth rate, dry matter accumulation and distribution, and yield advantage of intercropping were studied.【Result】Compared to the strong and weak plants with double-seed sowing peanut, single-seed sowing significantly increased the aggressivity and crowding coefficient of intercropping peanut over maize, the aggressivity increased by 29.72%-80.85% and 38.91%-87.07%, respectively, and the crowding coefficient increased by 76.59%-172.02% and 244.43%-308.70%, respectively. The net photosynthetic rate of intercropping peanut with single-seed sowing was significantly higher than that with double-seed sowing, and the maximum growth rate was significantly higher than that of strong and weak plants with double-seed sowing, respectively. The dry matter in the later growth period was significantly increased, dry matter distribution ratio to pod was increased, the contribution rate of stem and leaf dry matter to pod was improved, compared to the strong and weak plants with double-seed sowing peanut. The yield and advantage of intercropping with single seeding were higher than those with double seeding, and the yield was 18.84%-33.32% higher, the difference was significant. Compared with no phosphorus fertilizer, phosphorus application significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate and maximum growth rate of intercropping peanut, and promoted the dry matter accumulation and increased yield of intercropping peanut.【Conclusion】Peanut single-seed sowing can improve intercropping peanut yield and intercropping advantage, the key lies in the fact that single-seed sowing can enhance interspecific competitiveness of intercropping peanut compare with double-seed sowing, significantly increase the net photosynthetic rate, and promote the accumulation of dry matter and distribution to the pod. Phosphorus application promotes the growth and development of intercropping peanut under single-seed sowing.

Key words: maize, peanut, interspecific competition, strong plant and weak plant, maximum growth rate, yield, single-seed sowing, phosphorus fertilizer

JIANG WenYang, CHEN JunNan, ZAN ZhiMan, WANG JiangTao, ZHENG Bin, LIU Ling, LIU Juan, JIAO NianYuan. Regulation of Single-Seed Sowing and Phosphorus Application on Interspecific Competition and Growth of Intercropping Peanut[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(23): 4660-4670.

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References 32

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生育时期 Growth stage	P水平 P level	种植模式 Plant pattern	净光合速率P_n (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	气孔导度Gs (mmol·m^-2·s^-1)	胞间CO₂浓度C_i (mmol·mol^-1)	蒸腾速率T_r (mmol·m^-2·s^-1)
结荚期 Pod-setting stage	P₀	SDSP	21.72e	1.026d	317.53c	14.54e
		WDSP	20.09f	1.017d	353.49b	11.15g
		SSP	23.93d	1.079c	299.34d	16.12c
		SDIP	20.46f	0.977e	357.08b	10.87g
		WDIP	19.15g	0.925f	368.69a	8.35h
		SIP	21.61e	1.063c	312.66c	12.91f
	P₁₈₀	SDSP	27.21b	1.161b	300.15d	19.57b
		WDSP	25.40c	1.083c	320.96c	17.07c
		SSP	29.46a	1.294a	279.75f	21.46a
		SDIP	25.29c	0.993e	302.16d	15.68d
		WDIP	23.57d	0.932f	319.38c	13.09f
		SIP	26.88b	1.061c	290.37e	16.66c
饱果期 Pod-filling stage	P₀	SDSP	20.94c	0.436d	284.48c	5.17f
		WDSP	18.77d	0.390e	314.31a	3.32g
		SSP	22.13b	0.467c	275.11d	6.00e
		SDIP	19.14d	0.387e	301.20b	4.34f
		WDIP	17.40e	0.327f	313.45a	2.94g
		SIP	20.49c	0.420d	290.71bc	5.35ef
	P₁₈₀	SDSP	22.09b	0.654b	268.53d	9.72b
		WDSP	20.77c	0.473c	282.19c	8.46c
		SSP	23.44a	0.723a	258.72e	11.58a
		SDIP	20.31c	0.472c	272.86d	7.39d
		WDIP	18.59d	0.435d	288.43bc	6.12e
		SIP	22.01b	0.599b	269.01d	9.11b

P水平 P level	种植模式 Plant pattern	干物质积累量 Dry matter accumulation (g/plant)			干物质分配比例 Dry matter distribution ratio (%)
P水平 P level	种植模式 Plant pattern	茎Stem	叶Leaf	荚果Pod	茎Stem	叶Leaf	荚果Pod
P₀	SDSP	17.11d	9.83d	21.78d	35.12b	20.18c	44.70b
	WDSP	12.17f	8.19e	11.79g	37.87a	25.47a	36.67d
	SSP	18.41c	10.31d	25.70c	33.84c	18.94e	47.22a
	SDIP	14.28e	9.21d	17.51f	34.83c	22.46b	41.28c
	WDIP	10.74g	7.22f	11.46g	36.50b	24.54a	38.95d
	SIP	17.43d	12.15c	22.86d	33.88c	21.68b	44.44b
P₁₈₀	SDSP	22.49b	15.13b	31.18b	32.69c	21.99b	45.32b
	WDSP	15.14e	9.96d	14.02g	38.70a	25.46a	35.85e
	SSP	24.68a	16.10a	37.14a	31.67d	20.66c	47.67a
	SDIP	17.36d	11.92c	19.85e	35.33b	24.26a	40.40d
	WDIP	12.95f	8.30e	12.53g	38.34a	24.57a	37.09d
	SIP	18.95c	12.83c	36.32c	32.61c	22.08b	45.31b

P水平 P level	种植模式 Plant pattern	转移量 Dry matter transfer (g/plant)		转移率 Dry matter transfer ratio (%)		贡献率 Contribution rate to seed (%)
P水平 P level	种植模式 Plant pattern	茎Stem	叶Leaf	茎Stem	叶Leaf	茎Stem	叶Leaf	茎+叶Stem+Leaf
P₀	SDSP	0.55e	2.97ab	2.94g	21.51b	2.64g	14.29c	16.93e
	WDSP	0.24f	0.22e	1.91h	2.62h	2.01g	1.87h	3.87h
	SSP	1.54c	3.77a	7.01e	22.76b	6.63f	16.27b	22.90c
	SDIP	1.62c	2.55b	9.02d	21.70b	9.22d	14.57c	23.79c
	WDIP	1.06d	1.25c	8.80d	15.30d	9.20d	10.91d	20.11d
	SIP	2.37b	4.11a	11.41c	25.27a	10.86c	18.80a	29.65a
P₁₈₀	SDSP	2.36b	1.48c	9.88d	10.14f	7.56e	4.75g	12.31f
	WDSP	0.99d	0.70d	5.61f	7.20g	6.58f	4.63g	11.21g
	SSP	4.13a	2.57b	14.34b	13.78e	11.13c	6.93f	18.05e
	SDIP	2.89b	1.70c	13.59b	15.16d	14.54b	8.57e	23.12c
	WDIP	1.15d	0.31e	7.13e	3.67h	9.16d	2.43h	11.60fg
	SIP	4.02a	2.69b	17.50a	17.33c	15.87a	10.62d	26.48b

年份 Year	P水平 P level	种植模式 Cropping system	单株果数 Number of pods per plant	百果重 100-pods weight (g)	株数 Number of plant (×10⁵/hm²)	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)	偏土地当量比 LER_P
2021	P₀	DSP	20.5d (23.2/17.8)	96.6d (119.1/74.0)	2.64a (1.42+1.22)	3886d (2500+1386)
		SSP	31.0b	123.1b	1.72c	4301c
		DIP	13.2f (14.8/11.5)	75.0f (76.1/73.9)	1.54b (0.82+0.72)	1267h (711+556)	0.327
		SIP	21.3d	82.2e	1.03d	1506g	0.350
	P₁₈₀	DSP	24.4c (26.7/22.0)	115.6c (119.7/111.6)	2.66a (1.43+1.23)	5172b (3153+2019)
		SSP	35.2a	134.9a	1.73c	5514a
		DIP	15.8e (18.3/13.3)	80.4g (80.2/80.7)	1.55b (0.83+0.73)	2070f (1210+860)	0.400
		SIP	25.5c	94.5d	1.03d	2460e	0.446
2022	P₀	DSP	19.3f (22.2/16.5)	123.1d (125.6/120.6)	2.68a (1.43+1.25)	5631d (3120+2511)
		SSP	38.7c	128.5c	1.76c	7131b
		DIP	14.7g (17.3/12.0)	143.6b (146.4/140.8)	1.57b (0.84+0.73)	2915h (1746+1169)	0.517
		SIP	28.3d	153.0a	1.04d	3828f	0.536
	P₁₈₀	DSP	24.4e (27.0/21.7)	120.2d (121.9/118.5)	2.78a (1.47+1.31)	6531c (3521+3010)
		SSP	47.8a	127.2c	1.82c	8391a
		DIP	18.4f (21.8/15.0)	128.7c (132.5/124.8)	1.67b (0.88+0.79)	3455g (2018+1437)	0.528
		SIP	45.3b	153.6a	1.09d	4600e	0.548
P水平P level						165.10**
种植模式Cropping system						1588.03**
P水平×种植模式P level×Cropping system						14.77**
年份×P水平×种植模式Year×P level×Cropping system						0.229NS

Regulation of Single-Seed Sowing and Phosphorus Application on Interspecific Competition and Growth of Intercropping Peanut

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