小麦源库优异种质的鉴定与源库类型的划分

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.06.001

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The aim of this study is to screen the evaluation indexes of wheat source-sink and classify the source-sink types. In addition, the relationships between different source-sink types and the agronomic traits, yield and grain quality of wheat were also clarified, which provides a better understanding of wheat source-sink metabolism and wheat breeding. 【Method】 In this study, the related agronomic traits of source metabolism and sink metabolism of 190 wheat varieties which from different regions were measured. Then, the source-sink metabolic capacity of wheat was evaluated by principal component analysis, and the superior wheat materials were selected according to the composite score. Furthermore, the hierarchical clustering was conducted based on the source size (leaf area), source activity, sink number and sink activity. Then, based on the clustering results, the source-sink types of wheat were classified and the source-sink characteristics of different region of wheats were analyzed. Meanwhile, the agronomic, yield and quality traits of different wheat source-sink types were compared and analyzed. 【Result】 For better understanding the results, six indicators related to source activity were converted into three independent indicators (photochemical quenching coefficient, maximum photosynthetic potential, chlorophyll content), and five indicators related to sink activity were converted into two independent indicators (maximum filling rate, filling duration) based on the principal component analysis. The cumulative contributions of three source activity indicators and two sink activity indicators were 82.80% and 92.90%, respectively. Then the top 10 wheat varieties were screened based on the source activity, source size (leaf area), sink activity, and sink number (number of spike grains). According to the source-library relationship, all the wheat varieties were divided into three major categories and eight subcategories, including sufficient source-weak sink type (medium source-weak sink type, strong source-medium sink type), weak source-sufficient sink type (medium source-strong sink type, weak source-medium sink type) and source-sink balance type (weak source-weak sink type limited by sink activity, weak source-weak sink type limited by source activity and grain number per spike, medium source-medium sink type, and strong source-strong sink type). 76.84% of wheat lines were contained in three subcategories (weak source-weak sink type, the medium source-strong sink type, and strong source-strong sink type), other wheat lines were distributed in other subcategories evenly. Most wheat varieties of China showed similar source-sink relationship, which presented the medium level of source activity, leaf area and grain number per spike, while the sink activity was high. But the sink activity of wheat varieties which were cultivated at the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is low. The plant height, length of uppermost internode and spikelet number in different categories indicated that the sufficient source-weak sink type>source-sink balance type>weak source-sufficient sink type, and the dry protein content, dry wet gluten content and sedimentation value in different categories showed that source-weak sink type > source-sink balance type > weak source-sufficient sink type. Grain water absorption showed that the stronger the sink activity had the higher the water absorption rate. The yield of per plant was different among different source-bank groups, but it was positively correlated with the source activity and the number of grains per spike in the three subcategories which contained most wheat varieties. 【Conclusion】 In this study, photochemical quenching coefficient, maximum photosynthetic potential and chlorophyll content could be used as the main indexes to evaluate the activity of wheat source. The maximum filling rate and filling duration could be used as the main indexes to evaluate the activity of wheat sink. In practical production, the wheat yield could be improved by increasing the number of grains per spike and the activity of source. When the supply capacity of source is stronger than the absorption capacity of sink, the plant height, peduncle length, spikelet number, dry protein content, dry wet gluten content and sedimentation value would be increased. Strong sink activity would help us to improve the water absorption of wheat grains.

Key words: wheat, evaluation indicators, source-sink type, agronomic traits, yield traits, quality traits

NAN Rui, YANG YuCun, SHI FangHui, ZHANG LiNing, MI TongXi, ZHANG LiQiang, LI ChunYan, SUN FengLi, XI YaJun, ZHANG Chao. Identification of Excellent Wheat Germplasms and Classification of Source-Sink Types[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(6): 1019-1034.

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特征 Characteristic	性状 Trait	最小值 Minimum value	最大值 Maximum value	变异系数 Coefficient of variation	多样性指数 Diversity index
源性状 Source traits	SPAD	30.15	67.58	0.11	2.00
	F_v’/F_m’	0.03	0.32	0.30	2.05
	F_v/F_m	0.81	0.87	0.01	1.83
	NPQ	0.26	1.43	0.27	2.04
	qP	0.06	0.53	0.26	2.03
	F_m’	11259.33	28458.33	0.19	2.02
	叶面积 Leaf area (cm²)	14.04	59.40	0.26	1.96
库性状 Sink traits	灌浆持续期 Grain filling duration (d)	27.00	49.14	0.10	2.02
	平均灌浆速率 Average filling rate (g·d^-1)	0.73	1.78	0.16	2.09
	最大灌浆速率 Maximal filling rate (g·d^-1)	1.01	2.71	0.17	2.08
	千粒重 thousand-grain weight (g)	22.41	60.11	0.16	2.07
	籽粒面积 Grain area (mm²)	12.14	23.99	0.11	2.05
	穗粒数 Grain number per spike	21.73	63.56	0.19	2.08

特征 Characteristic	成分 Component	初始特征值Initial eigenvalues			提取载荷平方和Extraction eigenvalues
特征 Characteristic	成分 Component	总计 Total	方差百分比 Variance (%)	累积 Cumulative (%)	总计 Total	方差百分比 Variance (%)	累积 Cumulative (%)
源活性 Source activity	1	2.44	40.62	40.62	2.44	40.62	40.62
	2	1.52	25.37	65.99	1.52	25.37	65.99
	3	1.01	16.81	82.80	1.01	16.81	82.80
	4	0.70	11.61	94.41
	5	0.32	5.27	99.68
	6	0.02	0.32	100.00
库活性 Sink activity	1	3.49	69.89	69.89	3.49	69.89	69.89
	2	1.15	23.01	92.89	1.15	23.01	92.89
	3	0.26	5.13	98.02
	4	0.08	1.63	99.65
	5	0.02	0.34	100.00

特征 Characteristic	性状 Trait	第一主成分 Component 1	第二主成分 Component 2	第三主成分 Component 3
源活性 Source active	SPAD	-0.27	0.56	0.55
	NPQ	0.61	-0.55	0.41
	F_v’/F_m’	0.80	0.54	-0.22
	F_v/F_m	-0.28	0.60	0.42
	qP	0.86	0.45	-0.21
	F_m’	-0.72	0.23	-0.52
库活性 Sink activity	灌浆持续期 Grain filling duration (d)	-0.18	0.96
	平均灌浆速率 Average filling rate (g·d^-1)	0.95	-0.21
	最大灌浆速率 Maximal filling rate (g·d^-1)	0.96	-0.14
	千粒重 Thousand-grain weight (g)	0.93	0.30
	籽粒面积 Grain area (mm²)	0.88	0.27

材料 Materal	第一主成分得分 Component 1 score	第二主成分得分 Component 2 score	第三主成分得分 Component 3 score	库活性综合得分 Comprehensive score of sink activity
IR39	5.44	-0.17	-0.42	2.09
红粒无名 Hongliwuming	3.52	2.60	-0.04	2.09
西农1376 Xinong1376	2.78	0.80	0.13	1.36
印度蓝粒 Yindulanli	3.32	-0.27	-0.21	1.24
MK186	2.49	1.17	-0.57	1.21
豫麦54 Yumai54	1.45	1.97	0.41	1.16
SIRMIONE	2.78	0.01	0.15	1.16
西农100 Xinong100	1.59	3.08	-1.67	1.14
开麦21 Kaimai21	1.78	1.83	-0.31	1.14
疙绉麦 Gezhoumai	1.88	0.65	1.12	1.12

材料 Matera	叶面积 Leaf area (cm²)
GRIFONE 235	59.40
LAGODEKHIS-GRDZEL TAVTAVA	53.12
H 798	48.38
LOHARI Y91-92 No.123	46.84
西昌76-9 Xichang76-9	42.02
RED-BOBS-222	40.91
中国春 China Spring	40.85
Claudia	40.74
MK186	39.51
SENMARQ	39.11

Identification of Excellent Wheat Germplasms and Classification of Source-Sink Types

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材料 Wheat materal	第一主成分得分 Component 1 score	第二主成分得分 Component 2 score	库活性综合得分 Comprehensive score of sink activity
开麦21 Kaimai21	4.43	0.25	3.15
豫麦19 Yumai19	4.26	0.41	3.07
西农928 Xinong928	3.94	0.89	2.95
中麦578 Zhongmai578	4.09	0.12	2.89
宁麦12 Ningmai12	3.39	1.41	2.7
FS056	3.55	-0.38	2.39
周麦26 Zhoumai26	3.12	0.68	2.33
内乡182 Neixiang182	3.59	-0.84	2.31
豫农949 Yunong949	3.72	-1.33	2.29
丰抗8号 Fengkang8	3.29	-0.14	2.27

材料 Wheat materal	穗粒数 Grain number per spike
洲元9369 Zhouyuan9369	63.56
Claudia	58.28
YDSS	58.17
红粒（zh）Hongli(zh)	58.14
焦麦266 Jiaomai266	57.07
IR89	56.95
IR202	56.95
西昌76-9 Xichang76-9	54.95
IR4	54.06
IR211	39.11

类群 Group	源活性 Source activity	叶面积 Leaf area (cm²)	库活性 Sink activity	穗粒数 Grain number per spike
Ⅰ	0.19±0.46b	21.54±2.79de	-1.68±0.73de	46.10±4.91ab
Ⅱ	1.81±0.49a	18.75±2.73e	-0.95±1.27de	42.37±7.85bc
Ⅲ	-1.89±0.51c	20.92±3.74e	1.04±0.84a	38.67±2.44cde
Ⅳ	-0.21±0.88b	30.57±5.97bc	-1.73±0.92e	34.43±5.52e
Ⅴ	-0.24±0.55b	26.69±5.16cd	0.16±0.61b	35.41±5.42de
Ⅵ	0.14±0.60b	23.89±4.38de	1.19±0.96a	40.63±6.00bcde
Ⅶ	-0.05±0.93b	53.64±5.53a	0.00±0.88bc	41.19±5.48bcd
Ⅷ	0.22±0.67b	32.50±6.23b	-0.79±0.81cd	49.69±5.94a

类群 Group	黄淮冬麦区 Huang-huai winter wheat area	长江中下游麦区 Wheat region in the middle and lower reaches of yangtze river	西南春麦区 Southwest spring wheat region	北部冬麦区 Northern winter wheat region	国外 Foreign variety
Ⅰ	5		1		6
Ⅱ					2
Ⅲ	2	1			1
Ⅳ	1				13
Ⅴ	26	4		1	21
Ⅵ	32	2	4	3	14
Ⅶ					3
Ⅷ	8	1	1		16
开花时间（月/日）Flowering time (M/D)	4/11-5/03	4/12-4/17	4/13-4/19	4/13-4/20	4/09-4/30
平均开花时间（月/日） Average flowering time (M/D)	4/16	4/13	4/15	4/17	4/17
成熟时间（月/日）Maturity time (M/D)	5/16-6/04	5/18-5/29	5/21-6/01	5/22-6/02	5/16-6/09
平均成熟时间（月/日） Average maturity time (M/D)	5/25	5/23	5/24	5/26	5/25

类群 Group	株高 Plant height (cm)	穗下节长 Length of uppermost internode (cm)	小穗数 Sikelet number per spike	千粒重 Thousand-grain weight (g)	穗粒数 Gain number per spike	单株产量 Single plant yield (g)
Ⅰ	104.29±19.32bc	33.84±8.59bc	10.67±2.26a	35.96±4.78e	46.10±4.78ab	17.56±4.46ab
Ⅱ	100.40±15.04bc	33.67±6.95bc	10.27±0.41a	39.82±5.54de	42.37±6.41bc	17.75±4.56ab
Ⅲ	95.28±18.61bc	32.27±4.77bc	8.90±2.88a	49.07±1.25ab	38.67±2.11cde	16.99±6.05ab
Ⅳ	119.73±31.20ab	40.89±13.06ab	11.02±2.36a	35.09±5.22e	34.43±5.33e	13.11±3.63b
Ⅴ	107.96±22.54abc	35.69±6.70abc	9.72±2.84a	45.44±3.45bc	35.41±5.37de	15.77±4.37ab
Ⅵ	93.95±18.55c	31.67±6.85c	8.85±2.27a	50.74±5.19a	40.48±5.88bcde	17.84±4.28ab
Ⅶ	130.00±32.49a	42.93±4.68a	11.27±0.38a	43.99±4.23cd	41.19±4.48bcd	20.31±2.23a
Ⅷ	108.47±21.57abc	36.03±6.22abc	9.31±2.35a	40.21±4.50de	49.69±5.84a	18.27±4.74ab

类群 Group	蛋白质干基 Dry protein content (%)	水分含量 Moisture content (%)	沉降值 Sedimentation value (mL)	湿面筋干基 Dry wet gluten content (%)	吸水率 Water absorption (%)	容重 Volumetric weight (g·L^-1)
Ⅰ	15.59±1.53a	9.58±0.37a	49.47±5.52ab	34.16±3.13a	57.90±2.91ab	811.84±16.98a
Ⅱ	16.08±1.46a	9.81±0.11a	51.80±2.82a	34.40±2.20a	57.67±4.18ab	814.93±7.28a
Ⅲ	14.88±2.94a	9.84±0.37a	45.76±12.93ab	33.20±6.75a	58.87±3.88ab	808.56±18.77a
Ⅳ	16.42±2.95a	10.08±0.37a	51.92±9.15a	35.62±5.72a	55.97±2.34b	810.66±18.46a
Ⅴ	14.54±1.58a	9.86±0.44a	44.30±5.87b	32.28±3.48a	59.49±2.67a	802.91±15.11a
Ⅵ	14.39±1.26a	9.88±0.45a	43.81±4.52b	32.54±2.47a	60.80±2.51a	801.98±14.94a
Ⅶ	15.61±1.70a	9.79±0.11a	52.06±5.31a	33.44±4.29a	59.34±1.48a	817.58±3.93a
Ⅷ	14.45±1.50a	9.90±0.43a	45.97±6.33ab	31.88±2.98a	58.73±2.23ab	811.42±14.35a

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