近30年来我国小麦和玉米秸秆资源时空变化特征及还田减肥潜力

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.16.008

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】China has rich wheat and maize stalk resources. It is necessary to clarify the spatial-temporal characteristics of the wheat and maize stalk resources, the corresponding nutrient resources and chemical fertilizer reduction potential through stalk incorporation, which can provide decision basis for promoting the utilization of stalk resources and reducing chemical fertilizer application. 【Method】Based on the soil long-term monitoring data of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs in wheat and maize planting areas of China from 1988 to 2019, this study analyzed the amount of wheat and maize stalk and its nutrient resources and fertilizer reduction potential through stalk incorporation in different years in each region of China. 【Result】The annual average amount of wheat and maize stalk resources reached 1.62×10⁸ t and 4.23×10⁸ t, respectively in 2010s, which were increased by 0.16×10⁸ t and 2.04×10⁸ t compared with 1990s, respectively. The annual average amount of wheat and maize stalk NPK resources reached 278.19×10⁴ t and 901.08×10⁴ t, respectively, which were increased by 27.97×10⁴ t and 434.82×10⁴ t compared with 1990s, respectively. Both of them increased most in North China (NC). The annual average amount of wheat stalk resources and NPK resources decreased first and then increased with planting years, while maize increased. In the first stage (1990s to 2000s) and the second stage (2000s to 2010s), the annual variation rate (AVR) of wheat stalk resources were -42.47×10⁴ t·a^-1 and 205.10×10⁴ t·a^-1, and the AVR of nutrient resources were -0.26×10⁴ t·a^-1 of N, -0.03×10⁴ t·a^-1 of P, -0.44×10⁴ t·a^-1 of K and 1.27×10⁴ t·a^-1 of N, 0.14×10⁴ t·a^-1of P, and 2.11×10⁴ t·a^-1 of K, respectively. In the first stage and the second stage, the AVR of maize stalk resources were 397.82×10⁴ t·a^-1 and 1 643.60×10⁴ t·a^-1, and the AVR of nutrient resources were 3.46×10⁴ t·a^-1 of N, 0.56×10⁴ t·a^-1 of P, 4.46×10⁴ t·a^-1 of K and 14.30×10⁴ t·a^-1 of N, 2.30×10⁴ t·a^-1 of P, and 18.41×10⁴ t·a^-1 of K, respectively. There were more than 80% of wheat stalk and its nutrient resources distributed in NC and Middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River (MLRYR), with the highest in NC (0.93×10⁸ t, 160.31×10⁴ t of NPK), and the lowest in Southwest China (SW) (0.09×10⁸ t, 16.05×10⁴ t of NPK). About 70% of maize stalk and its nutrient resources were distributed in Northeast China (NE) and NC, with the highest in NE (1.39×10⁸ t, 296.96×10⁴ t of NPK), and the lowest in MLRYR (0.21×10⁸ t, 44.40×10⁴ t of NPK). The annual average nutrient-release amount of wheat stalk incorporation per unit area were 21.1 kg·hm^-2 of N, 3.0 kg·hm^-2of P and 62.3 kg·hm^-2 of K in China, with the highest in NC, and the lowest in SW. The annual average nutrient-release amount of maize stalk incorporation per unit area were 48.6 kg·hm^-2 of N, 10.6 kg·hm^-2 of P and 97.7 kg·hm^-2 of K in China, with the highest in Northwest China (NW), and the lowest in SW. The annual average nutrient-release amount of wheat and maize stalk incorporation per unit area increased continually during 1988-2019. The proportion of wheat stalk returning nutrients to the annual chemical fertilizer application were 9.13%-10.82%, 4.26%-6.43% and 88.02%-111.86%, respectively, and that of maize stalk were 22.99%-24.37%, 16.04%-28.67% and 150.29%-171.95%, respectively. 【Conclusion】In general, using wheat and maize stalk properly could satisfy the basic potassium requirement for crop production and reduce the application of about 10%-20% nitrogen fertilizer and 5%-20% phosphorus fertilizer. Making full use of stalk resources was an important guarantee for reducing fertilizer application and increasing efficiency.

Key words: stalk resources, wheat, maize, temporal and spatial variation, chemical fertilizer reduction, China

LIU ShuJun, LI DongChu, HUANG Jing, QU XiaoLin, MA ChangBao, WANG HuiYing, YU ZiKun, ZHANG Lu, HAN TianFu, LIU KaiLou, SHEN Zhe, ZHANG HuiMin. Spatial-Temporal Variation Characteristics of Wheat and Maize Stalk Resources and Chemical Fertilizer Reduction Potential of Returning to Farmland in Recent 30 Years in China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(16): 3140-3155.

Figures/Tables 10

Table 1

Table 2

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Table 3

Fig. 3

Table 4

Temporal variation of annual average nutrient resources of wheat and maize stalk in different regions"

区域 Region	年代 Years	小麦秸秆养分量 Nutrients in wheat stalk (×10⁴ t)				玉米秸秆养分量 Nutrients in maize stalk (×10⁴ t)
区域 Region	年代 Years	N	P	K	合计Total	N	P	K	合计Total
长江中下游 MLRYR	1990s	18.42±0.74	2.08±0.09	30.61±1.23	51.11±1.44	7.99±0.74	1.29±0.12	10.28±0.95	19.55±1.21
	2000s	19.97±0.45	2.25±0.06	33.18±0.75	55.40±0.88	10.32±0.37	1.66±0.06	13.28±0.47	25.26±0.60
	2010s	25.83±0.31	2.92±0.04	42.92±0.52	71.67±0.61	21.46±0.49	3.45±0.08	27.63±0.63	52.54±0.80
西南 SW	1990s	9.47±0.57	1.07±0.06	15.73±0.95	26.26±1.11	17.19±0.91	2.77±0.15	22.13±1.17	42.09±1.49
	2000s	5.55±0.23	0.63±0.03	9.21±0.39	15.39±0.45	22.19±0.95	3.57±0.15	28.56±1.22	54.32±1.55
	2010s	3.43±0.24	0.39±0.03	5.69±0.41	9.50±0.48	31.36±0.91	5.05±0.15	40.38±1.17	76.79±1.49
西北 NW	1990s	10.69±0.56	1.21±0.06	17.75±0.93	29.64±1.09	18.66±1.49	3.00±0.24	24.02±1.92	45.69±2.45
	2000s	9.68±0.39	1.09±0.04	16.07±0.65	26.84±0.77	36.65±3.38	5.90±0.54	47.18±4.36	89.72±5.54
	2010s	9.61±0.25	1.09±0.03	15.97±0.42	26.67±0.49	65.48±1.54	10.54±0.25	84.29±1.99	160.31±2.53
华北 NC	1990s	51.62±1.90	5.83±0.21	85.75±3.16	143.20±3.69	58.36±2.05	9.39±0.33	75.13±2.63	142.88±3.35
	2000s	52.37±0.81	5.91±0.09	87.00±1.34	145.28±1.57	76.45±1.33	12.30±0.21	98.41±1.71	187.16±2.17
	2010s	61.40±0.54	6.93±0.06	102.01±0.90	170.35±1.06	114.26±0.98	18.39±0.16	147.10±1.26	279.74±1.60
东北 NE	1990s	-	-	-	-	88.24±12.66	14.20±2.04	113.60±16.30	216.05±20.74
	2000s	-	-	-	-	79.46±3.94	12.79±0.63	102.29±5.07	194.54±6.45
	2010s	-	-	-	-	135.48±1.85	21.80±0.30	174.42±2.38	331.70±3.02
全国 CH	1990s	90.19±2.19	10.18±0.25	149.84±3.64	250.22±4.25	190.44±12.97	30.65±2.09	245.17±16.69	466.26±21.24
	2000s	87.56±1.03	9.89±0.12	145.46±1.72	242.91±2.01	225.05±5.45	36.22±0.88	289.72±7.02	550.99±8.93
	2010s	100.28±0.72	11.32±0.08	166.59±1.20	278.19±1.40	368.05±2.79	59.23±0.45	473.81±3.60	901.08±4.58

Table 4

Table 5

Fig. 4

Table 6

Temporal distribution of nutrient-release amount of wheat and maize stalk incorporation in different regions"

区域 Region	年代 Years	小麦秸秆还田的养分当季释放量 Nutrient-release amount of wheat stalk incorporation (kg·hm^-2)			养分当季释放量占化肥施用量的比例 Ratio of nutrient-release amount to fertilizer application (%)			玉米秸秆还田的养分当季释放量 Nutrient-release amount of maize stalk incorporation (kg·hm^-2)			养分当季释放量占化肥施用量的比例 Ratio of nutrient-release amount to fertilizer application (%)
区域 Region	年代 Years	N	P	K	N	P	K	N	P	K	N	P	K
长江中下游 MLRYR	1990s	15.84±0.51c	2.21±0.07c	46.75±1.50c	8.17	6.24	103.45	27.49±1.59b	5.98±0.35b	55.29±3.21b	9.67	6.79	61.57
	2000s	18.22±0.39b	2.54±0.05b	53.78±1.15b	9.90	6.53	100.06	30.59±0.97b	6.65±0.21b	61.52±1.96b	12.85	23.35	110.75
	2010s	20.27±0.23a	2.83±0.03a	59.84±0.68a	8.87	8.37	95.92	42.45±0.94a	9.23±0.20a	85.39±1.89a	17.03	28.43	120.05
西南 SW	1990s	12.62±0.50a	1.76±0.07a	37.27±1.48	6.85	3.90	56.59	25.65±1.53b	5.58±0.33b	51.59±3.09b	15.83	19.62	123.55
	2000s	10.85±0.52b	1.52±0.07b	32.02±1.54b	7.75	3.80	49.61	34.41±1.54a	7.48±0.33a	69.20±3.09a	19.37	21.64	129.32
	2010s	12.98±0.64a	1.81±0.09a	38.33±1.89a	10.75	8.30	109.34	35.70±0.96a	7.76±0.21a	71.81±1.93a	15.95	24.31	114.23
西北 NW	1990s	20.78±1.24a	2.90±0.17a	61.34±3.67a	11.46	4.00	90.04	38.03±2.30b	8.27±0.50b	76.48±4.62b	22.38	12.22	249.71
	2000s	21.77±0.88a	3.04±0.12a	64.27±2.61a	10.12	3.82	170.93	67.37±4.86a	14.65±1.06a	135.50±9.77a	29.25	16.61	328.85
	2010s	22.29±0.61a	3.11±0.09a	65.80±1.81a	10.49	5.09	166.97	61.47±1.30a	13.37±0.28a	123.63±2.61a	23.73	22.77	261.84
华北 NC	1990s	18.88±0.65c	2.64±0.09c	55.73±1.92c	9.94	3.96	82.36	39.19±1.61b	8.52±0.35b	78.82±3.24b	27.57	11.46	111.23
	2000s	22.26±0.34b	3.11±0.05b	65.73±1.01b	11.87	5.56	110.27	42.36±0.72b	9.21±0.16b	85.19±1.45b	22.52	22.87	165.09
	2010s	24.22±0.19a	3.38±0.03a	71.50±0.56a	10.59	5.95	119.81	48.85±0.85a	10.62±0.19a	98.26±1.72a	22.21	30.09	185.65
东北 NE	1990s	-	-	-	-	-	-	64.25±5.89a	13.97±1.28a	129.23±11.84a	40.26	35.57	415.43
	2000s	-	-	-	-	-	-	55.39±2.06b	12.04±0.45b	111.40±4.14b	37.13	30.94	237.06
	2010s	-	-	-	-	-	-	57.81±0.83ab	12.57±0.18ab	116.27± 1.67ab	29.48	31.95	169.89
全国 CH	1990s	17.20±0.40c	2.40±0.06c	50.78±1.19c	9.13	4.26	88.02	38.91±1.45c	8.46±0.32c	78.26±2.92c	23.76	16.04	150.29
	2000s	20.01±0.26b	2.80±0.04b	59.06±0.77b	10.82	5.29	103.11	45.52±0.85b	9.90±0.18b	91.56±1.70b	24.37	22.66	181.42
	2010s	22.35±0.15a	3.12±0.02a	65.99±0.45a	10.04	6.43	111.86	50.82±0.50a	11.05±0.11a	102.21±1.01a	22.99	28.67	171.95

Table 6

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小麦 Wheat			玉米 Maize
区域 Region	监测点个数 Number of monitoring points	省、市、自治区 Provinces, cities and autonomous regions	区域 Region	监测点个数 Number of monitoring points	省、市、自治区 Provinces, cities and autonomous regions
长江中下游 MLRYR	120	安徽、湖北、江苏、上海 Anhui, Hubei, Jiangsu, Shanghai	长江中下游 MLRYR	45	安徽、湖北、江苏、湖南 Anhui, Hubei, Jiangsu, Hunan
西南 SW	30	贵州、四川、重庆、云南 Guizhou, Sichuan, Chongqing, Yunnan	西南 SW	56	贵州、四川、重庆、云南 Guizhou, Sichuan, Chongqing, Yunnan
西北 NW	67	甘肃、宁夏、新疆、青海 Gansu, Ningxia, Xinjiang, Qinghai	西北 NW	100	甘肃、宁夏、新疆、内蒙古 Gansu Ningxia, Xinjiang, Inner Mengulia
华北 NC	215	北京、河北、河南、山东、山西、天津 Beijing, Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Shanxi, Tianjin	华北 NC	260	北京、河北、河南、山东、山西、天津 Beijing, Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Shanxi, Tianjin
			东北 NE	204	黑龙江、吉林、辽宁 Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning

区域 Region	年代 Years	小麦单产 Wheat yield per unit (kg·hm^-2)	小麦播种面积 Wheat cultivation area (×10⁷ hm²)	小麦施肥量 Fertilizer application rate of wheat (kg·hm^-2)			玉米单产 Maize yield per unit (kg·hm^-2)	玉米播种面积 Maize cultivation area (×10⁷ hm²)	玉米施肥量 Fertilizer application rate of maize (kg·hm^-2)
区域 Region	年代 Years	小麦单产 Wheat yield per unit (kg·hm^-2)	小麦播种面积 Wheat cultivation area (×10⁷ hm²)	N	P	K	玉米单产 Maize yield per unit (kg·hm^-2)	玉米播种面积 Maize cultivation area (×10⁷ hm²)	N	P	K
长江中下游 MLRYR	1990s	5097.2	0.56	193.93	35.47	45.19	5846.5	0.16	284.20	88.08	89.79
	2000s	5863.0	0.51	184.00	38.96	53.74	6506.1	0.18	238.00	28.48	55.55
	2010s	6524.6	0.63	228.44	33.82	62.39	9029.9	0.27	249.27	32.48	71.13
西南 SW	1990s	4063.3	0.38	184.21	45.25	65.86	5455.4	0.38	162.05	28.43	41.76
	2000s	3491.0	0.23	140.02	39.92	64.54	7318.2	0.37	177.66	34.57	53.51
	2010s	4179.1	0.14	120.83	21.87	35.06	7593.9	0.48	223.88	31.94	62.86
西北 NW	1990s	6687.5	0.28	181.31	72.58	68.13	8087.9	0.26	169.89	67.67	30.63
	2000s	7006.8	0.22	215.19	79.69	37.60	14329.0	0.31	230.36	88.23	41.20
	2010s	7174.1	0.21	212.55	61.13	39.41	13073.8	0.60	259.04	58.71	47.21
华北 NC	1990s	6075.8	1.28	189.83	66.61	67.66	8335.4	0.83	142.17	74.36	70.86
	2000s	7165.9	1.18	187.51	55.92	59.61	9009.4	0.97	188.10	40.28	51.60
	2010s	7794.9	1.27	228.77	56.87	59.68	10391.0	1.32	219.92	35.30	52.93
东北 NE	1990s	-	-	-	-	-	13666.0	0.64	159.58	39.28	31.11
	2000s	-	-	-	-	-	11780.5	0.77	149.17	38.93	46.99
	2010s	-		-	-	-	12295.3	1.29	196.08	39.35	68.44
全国 CH	1990s	5536.7	2.50	188.38	56.48	57.70	8276.5	2.27	163.77	52.74	52.08
	2000s	6439.4	2.15	184.83	52.83	57.28	9682.2	2.60	186.77	43.68	50.47
	2010s	7195.0	2.25	222.66	48.56	59.00	10808.8	3.97	220.99	38.55	59.44

区域 Region	小麦 Wheat		玉米 Maize
区域 Region	1990s—2000s的年变化速率 Annual variation rate in 1990s-2000s（×10⁴ t·a^-1）	2000s—2010s的年变化速率 Annual variation rate in 2000s-2010s（×10⁴ t·a^-1）	1990s—2000s的年变化速率 Annual variation rate in 1990s-2000s（×10⁴ t·a^-1）	2000s—2010s的年变化速率 Annual variation rate in 2000s-2010s（×10⁴ t·a^-1）
长江中下游 MLRYR	24.95	94.56	26.78	128.10
西南 SW	-63.22	-34.19	57.41	105.46
西北 NW	-16.29	-1.02	206.72	331.41
华北 NC	12.09	145.75	207.91	434.66
东北 NE	-	-	-101.00	643.97
全国 CH	-42.47	205.10	397.82	1643.60

Spatial-Temporal Variation Characteristics of Wheat and Maize Stalk Resources and Chemical Fertilizer Reduction Potential of Returning to Farmland in Recent 30 Years in China

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养分 Nutrient	区域 Region	小麦 Wheat		玉米 Maize
养分 Nutrient	区域 Region	1990s—2000s的年变化速率 Annual variation rate in 1990s-2000s（×10⁴ t·a^-1）	2000s—2010s的年变化速率 Annual variation rate in 2000s-2010s（×10⁴ t·a^-1）	1990s—2000s的年变化速率 Annual variation rate in 1990s-2000s（×10⁴ t·a^-1）	2000s—2010s的年变化速率 Annual variation rate in 2000s-2010s（×10⁴ t·a^-1）
N	长江中下游 MLRYR	0.15	0.59	0.23	1.11
	西南 SW	-0.39	-0.21	0.50	0.92
	西北 NW	-0.10	-0.01	1.80	2.88
	华北 NC	0.07	0.90	1.81	3.78
	东北 NE	-	-	-0.88	5.60
	全国 CH	-0.26	1.27	3.46	14.30
P	长江中下游 MLRYR	0.02	0.07	0.04	0.18
	西南 SW	-0.04	-0.02	0.08	0.15
	西北 NW	-0.01	-0.0007	0.29	0.46
	华北 NC	0.01	0.10	0.29	0.61
	东北 NE	-	-	-0.14	0.90
	全国 CH	-0.03	0.14	0.56	2.30
K	长江中下游 MLRYR	0.26	0.97	0.30	1.43
	西南 SW	-0.65	-0.35	0.64	1.18
	西北 NW	-0.17	-0.01	2.32	3.71
	华北 NC	0.12	1.50	2.33	4.87
	东北 NE	-	-	-1.13	7.21
	全国 CH	-0.44	2.11	4.46	18.41

[1]	WANG YaFei, YAN Peng, XUE JinTao, DONG XueRui, MENG FanQi, GUO LiNa, LUO Yi, ZHANG Juan, DONG ZhiQiang, LU Lin. Effects of Ethephon-Glycine Betaine-Salicylic Acid Mixture on Root System Architecture, Physiological Function and Yield of Maize Under Heat Stress [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(7): 1439-1455.
[2]	YUAN HaoLiang, NIE Jun, LI Peng, LU YanHong, LIAO YuLin, XU ChangXu, LI ZhongYi, CAO WeiDong, ZHANG JiangLin. Effects of Co-Utilization of Chinese Milk Vetch and Rice Straw on Soil Phosphorus Composition and Phosphorus Activation of Paddy Field in Southern China [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(7): 1480-1491.
[3]	ZHU Qi, JIA ZhenPeng, Tahir SHAH, XU ChenSheng, LI ZhiQi, LÜ HuiShuai, ZHU PengChao, WEI XiaoMin, HUANG DongLin, SUN YanNi, CAO WeiDong, GAO YaJun, WANG ZhaoHui, ZHANG DaBin. Green Manure Crops Combined with Enhanced-Efficiency Products Reduced Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Carbon Footprints in Dryland Wheat Fields [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(7): 1507-1522.
[4]	WANG JiaNuo, CHEN GuiPing, LI Pan, WANG LiPing, NAN YunYou, HE Wei, FAN ZhiLong, HU FaLong, CHAI Qiang, YIN Wen, ZHAO LiaoHao. Photo-Physiological Mechanism at Grain Filling Stage of No-Tillage with Plastic Re-Mulching to Increase Maize Yield in Oasis Irrigation Areas [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(6): 1189-1202.
[5]	ZHOU XinJie, REN Hao, CHEN YingLong, ZHANG JiWang, ZHAO Bin, REN BaiZhao, LIU Peng, WANG HongZhang. Effects of Calcium Peroxide on Root Morphology and Yield Formation of Summer Maize in Waterlogging Farmland [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(6): 1203-1216.
[6]	HE JiHang, ZHANG Qing, LÜ XiangYue, XUE JiQuan, XU ShuTu, LIU JianChao. Evaluation of Nitrogen Efficiency of Different Stay-Green Maize Hybrids [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(6): 1217-1230.
[7]	LI YongJuan, ZHANG YueTong, WANG YiBo, ZHAO ChangJiang, SONG Jie, CHEN XueLi, YAO Qin. Effects of Biochar Application on the Abundance and Community Composition of Nitrogen-Fixing Microbial nifH Gene in Soybean Rotation and Continuous Cropping Systems [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(6): 1272-1285.
[8]	LI WenHu, LI HaiFeng, DU YuPeng, DING YuLan, LUO YiNuo, LI YuKe, SHE WenTing, ZHANG Feng, TENG Yu, ZHANG SiQi, HUANG Cui, LI XiaoHan, LIU JinShan, WANG ZhaoHui. Regional Differences in Wheat Zinc Uptake and Translocation Responses to Soil Zinc Fertilization [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(5): 1034-1047.
[9]	JIAO WenJuan, HE WanLong, GENG HongWei, BAI Bin, LI JianFeng, CHENG YuKun. Stripe Rust Resistance Evaluation and Molecular Characterization of Yr Genes for 155 Spring Wheat Varieties (Lines) [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(5): 937-950.
[10]	LI SiYuan, LI HongPing, CHANG HongQing, ZHANG SenYan, LI SiJia, CUI XinFei, QIAO Po, ZENG Bo, LIU GuiZhen, LIU TianXue, TANG JiHua, LI ChaoHai. Effects of Density Increase on Dynamic Change of Yield and Agronomic Traits of Maize Cultivars with Different Plant Heights [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(5): 967-984.
[11]	DONG JinLong, ZHAO Ying, YU HaiBing, LÜ JianYe, QIN JiaQi, LIANG Chen, MING Bo, LI ShaoKun. Multi-Model Elucidating of Nutritional Quality Contributions to Maize Kernel Test Weight and Regional Heterogeneity [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(5): 985-995.
[12]	CUI ShiYou, CHEN PengJun, MIAO YuanQing, HAN JiJun, SHEN JunMing. Development and Field Evaluation of Glyphosate-Resistant Wheat Germplasm Generated Through EMS Mutagenesis [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(4): 723-733.
[13]	QIAN Jin, LI YingXue, WU Fang, ZOU XiaoChen. Improved Leaf Phosphorus Content Estimation of Winter Wheat Using Ensemble Hyperspectral Dimensionality Reduction Method [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(4): 781-792.
[14]	KONG Yuan, CUI ShaSha, LI Mei, LI Jian, YANG SiYu, FANG Feng, LIU ShuaiShuai, LIU MingPing, ZENG Yan, GAO XingXiang, BAI LianYang. Spatiotemporal Distribution Dynamics of Five Grass Weed Species Including Lolium multiflorum in Winter Wheat Fields of the Huang- Huai-Hai Region [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(4): 807-823.
[15]	WANG YongSheng, NIU Li, WANG ChangJie, MA LiHua, LIAN XiaoXiao, MENG YaXiong, MA XiaoLe, YAO LiRong, ZHANG Hong, YANG Ke, LI BaoChun, WANG HuaJun, SI ErJing, WANG JunCheng. Genome-Wide Association Study and Candidate Gene Identification for Thousand Grain Weight in Winter Wheat [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(3): 499-514.