授粉期高温胁迫下雄穗大小对玉米干物质积累及产量的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.15.004

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 High temperature stress is one of the most critical meteorological disaster factors that restrict the high and stable yield of maize. This study explored the effect of tassel sizes on yield of different maize varieties under high temperature stress during pollination, so as to provide the theoretical basis and reference for stress-resistant cultivation and high temperature resistance breeding of maize. 【Method】 This study was conducted by plot experiment in a greenhouse with two maize varieties as the experimental materials, Xundan 20 (XD20) and Nonghua 101 (NH101), from 2020 to 2021. The effect of tassel sizes on dry matter accumulation, distribution and yield of maize under high temperature stress during pollination was investigated by setting the tassel branch removal treatment at tasseling stage. 【Result】 The results of two years showed that high temperature stress during pollination had little effect on tassel length, branch number, spikelet number and flowering dynamics of male and female. However, high temperature stress resulted in the decrease of dry matter accumulation capacity and distribution ratio to ear, which affected the growth and development of ear, resulting in the significant decrease of cob length and diameter, the significant decrease of grain number per ear, the decrease of proportion of matter accumulation to grain after anthesis, and the significant decrease of yield. Under high temperature stress, the decrease of ear length of NH101 was less than that of XD20, but the decrease of grain number per row, grain number per ear and the proportion of matter accumulation to grain after anthesis was higher than that of XD20, resulting in the decrease of yield of NH101 more than that of XD20, and the yield of XD20 and NH101 decreased by 12.32% and 25.00% respectively. XD20 is more resistant to heat than NH101. The tassel branch removal treatment significantly reduced the number of tassel branch and spikelet of XD20 and NH101 by 58.57%, 42.91% and 57.30%, 41.34%, respectively, but had little effect on the flowering dynamics of male and female. Under the two temperature conditions, the tassel branch removal treatment promoted the growth of ear, increased the grain number per ear, increased the proportion of matter accumulation to grain after anthesis, and thus increased the yield. Among them, the yield increase of XD20 under high temperature conditions was the largest. Compared with normal tassel branch treatment, tassel branch removal treatment increased the yield of XD20 and NH101 by 2.76% and 4.37% under normal temperature conditions, while increased by 12.47% and 5.75% under high temperature conditions, respectively. 【Conclusion】 High temperature stress during pollination has little effect on the growth and development of tassel, but it caused irreversible damage to the growth and development of ear, reduced the number of grains per ear, limited the distribution of photosynthate to grains after anthesis, and significantly reduced the yield. Under high temperature conditions, properly reducing the number of branches in tassel can promote the growth and development of ear, increase the number of grains per ear, promote the accumulation of matter to grains after anthesis, and increase the yield. In addition, the yield increase of the large tassel-type variety XD20 was higher than that of the small tassel-type variety NH101.

Key words: maize, high temperature during pollination, tassel size, dry matter mass, grain yield

MU XinYuan, LÜ ShanShan, LU LiangTao, LIU TianXue, LI ShuYan, XUE ChangYing, WANG HongWei, ZHAO Xia, XIA LaiKun, TANG BaoJun. Effects of Tassel Sizes on Post-Flowering Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield of Different Maize Varieties Under High Temperature Stress During Pollination[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(15): 2880-2894.

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https://www.chinaagrisci.com/EN/Y2023/V56/I15/2880

Figures/Tables 8

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Table 1

Table 2

Effects of high temperature stress during pollination and removal tassel branch treatment on dry matter distribution at the maturity stage"

年份 Year	品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	茎叶Stem leaf		穗轴Cob		籽粒Grain		总干重 Total dry matter (g/plant)
年份 Year	品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	干重 Dry matter (g/plant)	比例 Proportion (%)	干重 Dry matter (g/plant)	比例 Proportion (%)	干重 Dry matter (g/plant)	比例 Proportion (%)	总干重 Total dry matter (g/plant)
2020	XD20	NT+NB	74.28±7.44a	37.03	19.19±0.59ab	9.56	107.14±8.73ab	53.41	200.61±13.69ab
		NT+RB	72.40±4.33a	35.38	21.09±2.32a	10.30	111.17±3.84a	54.32	204.65±4.42a
		HT+NB	67.70±6.51a	41.74	15.77±0.67b	9.72	78.72±13.06b	48.53	162.19±18.89b
		HT+RB	79.90±6.87a	39.55	19.08±2.26ab	9.44	103.05±8.30ab	51.01	202.02±17.33ab
	NH101	NT+NB	95.97±4.64a	40.76	29.53±4.27ab	12.54	109.94±12.90ab	46.69	235.44±20.69ab
		NT+RB	102.88±5.09a	38.87	36.04±1.35a	13.62	125.78±7.11a	47.52	264.71±2.86a
		HT+NB	98.00±7.22a	46.69	28.90±4.34b	13.77	82.98±8.05b	39.54	209.88±17.06b
		HT+RB	101.30±6.96a	44.85	33.70±2.45ab	14.92	90.88±10.14b	40.23	225.89±19.03ab
变异来源 Source of variation	品种Variety (V)		**		**		NS		**
	温度Temperature (T)		NS		*		**		*
	雄穗Tassel (B)		NS		NS		*		NS
	V×T		NS		NS		NS		NS
	V×B		NS		NS		NS		NS
	T×B		NS		NS		NS		NS
	V×T×B		NS		NS		NS		NS
2021	XD20	NT+NB	78.04±2.18ab	36.79	21.04±0.88a	9.92	113.04±3.87a	53.29	212.13±4.79a
		NT+RB	88.37±8.82a	37.45	22.00±2.95a	9.32	125.58±14.30a	53.23	235.95±25.92a
		HT+NB	71.22±4.10b	40.04	15.67±0.88b	8.81	90.98±3.20b	51.15	177.87±6.87b
		HT+RB	76.13±3.11ab	39.77	16.98±1.90b	8.87	98.32±4.90b	51.36	191.44±8.04b
	NH101	NT+NB	82.48±6.85a	38.63	25.60±3.01a	11.99	105.42±8.97a	49.38	213.50±17.81a
		NT+RB	81.60±2.11a	38.14	26.85±1.36a	12.55	105.51±6.69a	49.31	213.96±9.33a
		HT+NB	80.56±3.31a	45.06	18.94±0.38b	10.59	79.30±2.23b	44.35	178.80±2.71b
		HT+RB	82.39±3.54a	44.64	21.59±2.35ab	11.69	80.60±9.47ab	43.67	184.58±14.67ab
变异来源 Source of variation	品种Variety (V)		NS		**		NS		NS
	温度Temperature (T)		NS		**		**		*
	雄穗Tassel (B)		NS		NS		NS		NS
	V×T		NS		NS		NS		NS
	V×B		NS		NS		NS		NS
	T×B		NS		NS		NS		NS
	V×T×B		NS		NS		NS		NS

Table 2

Table 3

Effects of high temperature stress during pollination and removal tassel branch treatment on grain yield and its components of maize"

年份 Year	品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	穗长 Ear length (cm)	穗粗 Ear diameter (mm)	穗行数 Ear rows	行粒数 Grains per row	穗粒数 Grains per ear	百粒重 100-grain weight (g)	产量 Grain yield (g·m^-2)
2020	XD20	NT+NB	13.69±0.35a	45.96±0.97ab	15.00±0.33a	25.78±0.70ab	385.40±9.00a	24.54±1.04a	629.87±28.91a
		NT+RB	14.53±0.28a	46.86±0.63a	14.40±0.27a	27.50±1.11a	394.30±12.53a	24.32±0.68a	641.67±33.63a
		HT+NB	12.20±0.43b	44.28±0.59b	14.49±0.58a	22.32±0.99b	320.40±8.62c	25.15±1.55a	528.40±22.09b
		HT+RB	12.32±0.50b	45.33±0.60ab	14.07±0.55a	24.09±1.68ab	343.45±6.72b	27.21±1.37a	592.53±18.55ab
	NH101	NT+NB	14.15±0.33ab	46.40±0.79a	14.80±0.53a	22.57±0.79a	331.60±10.00a	24.55±0.80a	597.80±16.42a
		NT+RB	14.93±0.39a	46.50±0.54a	14.80±0.53a	23.25±1.07a	340.50±11.33a	25.30±2.45a	627.40±28.06a
		HT+NB	12.65±0.47c	42.32±0.92b	14.40±0.50ab	16.74±1.18b	237.80±12.53b	27.20±0.87a	425.07±16.57c
		HT+RB	13.69±0.30bc	43.99±0.90b	13.20±0.33b	21.65±1.02a	253.90±9.79b	27.93±1.49a	469.33±21.94b
变异来源 Source of variation	品种Variety (V)		NS	NS	NS	**	**	NS	**
	温度Temperature (T)		**	**	NS	**	**	NS	**
	雄穗Tassel (B)		*	NS	NS	**	*	NS	*
	V×T		NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	**
	V×B		NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
	T×B		NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
	V×T×B		NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
2021	XD20	NT+NB	14.18±0.26b	48.24±0.56a	14.60±0.26a	32.85±0.70a	427.10±12.54a	22.30±0.42b	636.57±24.15ab
		NT+RB	14.87±0.15a	48.63±0.34a	14.60±0.21a	34.60±0.58a	440.05±9.16a	22.48±0.37b	659.83±17.73a
		HT+NB	12.20±0.17c	45.20±0.45b	14.00±0.36a	26.40±0.72b	355.63±9.83b	22.61±0.64b	531.26±12.90c
		HT+RB	12.56±0.18c	46.27±0.47b	14.00±0.38a	27.70±0.87b	375.27±14.68b	24.27±0.70a	599.24±18.83b
	NH101	NT+NB	13.54±0.37a	45.92±0.33ab	14.60±0.36a	23.35±0.77a	344.13±10.87a	26.92±1.08a	595.90±17.24a
		NT+RB	14.20±0.20a	45.79±0.43b	14.50±0.35a	24.80±0.48a	359.97±8.72a	25.91±0.61a	618.43±15.81a
		HT+NB	12.55±0.24b	47.24±0.55a	14.70±0.33a	20.15±0.60b	277.25±12.46b	26.74±0.88a	482.80±11.40b
		HT+RB	14.09±0.33a	44.64±0.57b	13.90±0.31a	20.25±0.55b	277.64±10.71b	26.65±0.74a	488.00±15.69b
变异来源 Source of variation	品种Variety (V)		NS	**	NS	**	**	**	**
	温度Temperature (T)		**	**	NS	**	**	NS	**
	雄穗Tassel (B)		**	NS	NS	*	NS	NS	*
	V×T		**	**	NS	**	NS	NS	NS
	V×B		**	**	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
	T×B		NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
	V×T×B		NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS

Table 3

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Effects of Tassel Sizes on Post-Flowering Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield of Different Maize Varieties Under High Temperature Stress During Pollination

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