添加玉米秸秆和根茬对不同肥力黑土微生物残体碳氮的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.04.008

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 Maize shoot and root residues are the significance sources of soil organic matter (SOM). Exogenous carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) are assimilated by soil microorganism, accumulated as microbial necromass and contributed to relatively stable SOM. The objectives of this study were to clarify the accumulation of microbial residue C and N in different fertility levels of soil with shoot and root residues addition, and to qualify the contributions of microbial residue C and N to soil organic C (SOC) and total N (TN), respectively, so as to provide a basis for increasing the storage and stability of SOC and TN. 【Method】 Based on a long-term experiment of black soil with different fertility levels, this study used the ¹³C¹⁵N isotope labeling and amino sugar biomarkers methods, and mixed the labeled maize shoot and root residues with black soil samples. Then the mixture samples were incubated in lab, and sampled in 30 and 180 days. The percentages of exogenous C (shoot C and root C) and N (shoot N and root N) remaining in soil, contents of microbial residues C and N, and their contributions to SOC and TN were analyzed. 【Result】On the 180th day, the percentages of shoot C and root C remaining in soil were, on average, 36.3% and 31.7%, respectively, and those of shoot N and root N remaining in soil were, on average, 95.8% and 79.3%, respectively. On the 180th day, the ratio of the SOC derived from exogenous C (¹³C-SOC) to TN derived from exogenous N (¹⁵N-TN) were, on average, 17.6 and 28.5 in the soils with shoot and root residue addition, respectively. The ratio of ¹³C-SOC to ¹⁵N-TN was decreased by 47.9% and 28.2% in the soils with shoot and root residue addition on the 180th day compared with the 30th day, respectively. During the incubation, the contents of fungal and bacterial residue in the high fertility soil were, on average, 1.17 and 1.31 times those in the low fertility soil, respectively. On the 180th day, the content of microbial residue C and N (fungal and bacterial) was, on average, 8.5% higher in the soil added with shoot than that in the soil added with root. On the end of incubation, the average percentage of fungal residue C contributed to SOC was 37.0% and 33.8%, respectively, and that of bacterial residue C contributed to SOC was 11.2% and 9.2% in the high and low fertility level soils, respectively. The average percentage of fungal residue C contributed to SOC was 36.0% and 34.7%, and that of bacterial residual C contributed to SOC was 10.8% and 9.6% on the end of incubation, respectively. The average percentage of bacterial residue C contributed to SOC was 55.2% and 16.3% in the soil added with shoot and root on the 30th day, respectively. The average percentage of fungal residue N contributed to TN was 63.5% and 60.5%, and that of bacterial residue N to TN was 16.4% and 17.5% in low and high fertility level soils on the 180th day, respectively. The percentage of bacterial residue C and N contributed to SOC and TN was increased by 4.8% and 7.4% in the high fertility soil and by 20.3% and 32.5% in low fertility soil on the 180th day compared with the basic soil without shoot and root addition, respectively. 【Conclusion】 The accumulation of fungal residue was of great significance for the storage and stability of SOC and TN. Maize shoot addition promoted the accumulation of microbial residues C and N in soil compared with root addition. Low fertility soil with the addition of shoot and root improved the transformation of bacterial residue C and N to SOC and TN.

Key words: maize shoot, maize root, soil microbial residue, amino sugar, soil organic carbon, soil total nitrogen, black soil

MA Nan, AN TingTing, ZHANG JiuMing, WANG JingKuan. Effects of Maize Shoot and Root Residues Added on Microbial Residue Carbon and Nitrogen in Different Fertility Levels of Black Soil[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(4): 686-696.

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References 43

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指标 Index	高肥土壤 High fertility level of soil	低肥土壤 Low fertility level of soil
有机碳Soil organic carbon (g·kg^-1)	18.0	16.7
全氮Total nitrogen (g·kg^-1)	1.75	1.53
碳氮比 Ratio of soil organic carbon to total nitrogen	10.3	11.0
δ¹³C值δ¹³C value (‰)	-21.7	-21.5
δ¹⁵N值δ¹⁵N value (‰)	8.49	7.92
真菌残体碳Fungal residue carbon (mg·kg^-1)	6354	5698
细菌残体碳Bacterial residue carbon (mg·kg^-1)	1913	1275
真菌残体氮Fungal residue nitrogen (mg·kg^-1)	988	886
细菌残体氮Bacterial residue nitrogen (mg·kg^-1)	284	189
真菌残体碳与SOC比值Ratio of fungal residue carbon to SOC (%)	35.3	34.1
细菌残体碳与SOC比值Ratio of bacterial residue carbon to SOC (%)	10.6	7.64
真菌残体氮与TN比值Ratio of fungal residue nitrogen to TN (%)	56.4	16.3
细菌残体氮与TN比值Ratio of bacterial residue nitrogen to TN (%)	57.9	12.4

处理 Treatment	外源碳对土壤有机碳的贡献率 Contribution percentage of exogenous carbon to total soil organic carbon (%)		外源氮对土壤全氮的贡献率 Contribution percentage of exogenous nitrogen to total soil nitrogen (%)
处理 Treatment	30 d	180 d	30 d	180 d
HF+R	17.9±0.115 A	15.0±0.437 ab	5.5±0.593 A	6.1±0.362 a
HF+S	23.0±0.416 C	14.4±0.974 a	8.7±0.239 C	8.0±0.269 b
LF+R	20.9±0.549 B	15.1±0.141 ab	7.3±0.353 B	5.7±0.003 a
LF+S	26.0±0.316 D	16.3±0.021 b	9.6±0.020 C	10.4±0.113 c
外源有机物类型 Types of exogenous organic matter (p)	178^**	0.370^ns	55.5^**	197^**
土壤肥力水平 Soil fertility level (s)	60.0^**	3.42^ns	14.1^*	18.0^*
外源有机物类型×土壤肥力水平 p×s	0.001^ns	2.65^ns	1.19^ns	37.2^**

处理 Treatment	土壤有机碳与全氮的比值 Ratio of SOC to TN		土壤有机碳中外源碳含量与全氮中外源氮含量比值 Ratio of ¹³C-SOC to ¹⁵N-TN
处理 Treatment	30 d	180 d	30 d	180 d
HF+R	11.7±0.461 A	10.9±0.129 ab	38.3±2.79 AB	25.1±1.46 b
HF+S	11.9±0.254 A	10.2±0.073 a	31.7±1.456 A	18.5±1.22 a
LF+R	14.3±0.231 B	12.1±0.251 c	41.0±2.49 B	32.0±0.665 c
LF+S	13.5±0.103B	11.4±0.423 bc	36.5±0.640 AB	16.7±1.92 a
外源有机物类型 Types of exogenous organic matter (p)	0.855^ns	6.44^*	7.50^*	62.3^**
土壤肥力水平 Soil fertility level (s)	54.0^**	22.6^**	3.53^ns	3.40^ns
外源有机物类型×土壤肥力水平 p×s	2.82^ns	0.022^ns	0.254^ns	9.96^*

Effects of Maize Shoot and Root Residues Added on Microbial Residue Carbon and Nitrogen in Different Fertility Levels of Black Soil

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