不同水分条件下有机无机肥配施对棉花根系特征及产量的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.11.009

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The aim of this study was to explore the effects of combined application of organic and chemical fertilizer on the growth and development of cotton root system, dry matter accumulation and yield under different water conditions, so as to provide a theoretical basis for rational utilization of water and fertilizer resources in arid areas.【Method】 The fixed position experiments were conducted in 2018 and 2019. The experiment was designed by split block, the main plot treatment consisted of severe water deficit (W1), mild water deficit (W2) and normal water deficit (W3), and the soil water content was 32%-46%, 51%-62% and 67%-81% of the field capacity, respectively. The split-plot treatment was composed of four fertilizer treatments: no fertilizer (F0), single application of chemical fertilizer (F1), 30% organic fertilizer with 70% chemical fertilizer (F2) and 70% organic fertilizer with 30% chemical fertilizer (F3). The effects of fertilizer on root morphological characteristics, vertical distribution of root length, root activity, dry matter accumulation in shoot and yield traits of cotton at flowering and boll stage under different water conditions were analyzed.【Result】 The results showed that the growth of cotton root at the flowering and boll stage was inhibited by water deficit, and the root length, root surface area, root volume and root vitality were significantly reduced compared with normal water. The dry weight of the shoot decreased and the root-shoot ratio increased, then the number of bolls and boll weight per plant decreased, finally leading to a decline in seed cotton yield, while W1 had the most serious negative effect among the water treatments. The effects of various fertilizer treatments on root morphological characteristics under different water conditions were significantly different: the root length, root surface area and root volume were increased by fertilizer treatments significantly, and the combined application of organic and chemical fertilizer were significantly higher than that of single fertilizer F1 under W2 and W3. Under the condition of W2, the root length, root surface area and root volume were improved with the increase of the proportion of organic fertilizer, and F3 had an average increase of 18.1%, 12.2% and 35.0% in 2 years compared with F1, respectively. Under the condition of W3, F2 had the most significant promotion effect on root morphology, which was 7.6%, 17.0% and 20.1% higher than that of F1 on root length, root surface area and root volume, respectively. Under W1, the treatments of fertilizer had an inhibitory effect on root length and root surface area, among which F1 had the most significant inhibitory effect. The combined application of organic and chemical fertilizer could promote the growth of roots in the 20-40 cm soil layer under W2 and W3, and significantly increase the distribution ratio of root. Furthermore, compared with single application of chemical fertilizer, it could significantly increase the root activity of each soil layer, promote the increase of shoot and root dry weight, reduce the root-shoot ratio, and increase the number of bolls per plant and the seed yield of cotton. Under the water condition of W2, the boll number per plant and seed cotton yield under F3 was the highest one, which were 13.2% and 17.2% higher than that under F1, respectively. However, under the condition of W3, the boll number per plant and seed cotton yield under F3 was the highest one, which was 16.1% and 9.2% higher than that under F1, respectively. 【Conclusion】 Combined application of organic and chemical fertilizer could optimize root morphology and spatial distribution, improve root activity, promote dry matter accumulation in shoot and increase lint yield, and alleviate the effects of mild water deficit on cotton root growth and development. With the combined application of organic and chemical fertilizer under different water condition, the optimal fertilizer treatments were 70% organic fertilizer with 30% chemical fertilizer (F3) under mild water deficit, and 30% organic fertilizer with 70% chemical fertilizer (F2) under normal water condition.

Key words: cotton, water, organic fertilizer, root, yield

WANG Ning,FENG KeYun,NAN HongYu,ZHANG TongHui. Effects of Combined Application of Organic Fertilizer and Chemical Fertilizer on Root Characteristics and Yield of Cotton Under Different Water Conditions[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(11): 2187-2201.

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年份 Year	处理 Treatment	pH	有机质 Organic matter (g·kg^-1)	全氮 Total nitrogen (g·kg^-1)	碱解氮 Alkaline-hydrolytic N (mg·kg^-1)	速效磷 Available P (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K (mg·kg^-1)
2018	F0	7.34	10.86	0.65	58.63	11.68	85.64
	F1	7.28	12.64	0.82	64.75	28.87	123.56
	F2	7.23	13.82	0.87	67.84	29.14	136.43
	F3	7.19	15.16	0.94	68.52	31.67	139.35
2019	F0	7.31	10.72	0.63	57.15	11.46	87.69
	F1	7.25	12.79	0.84	65.24	29.42	124.86
	F2	7.22	13.46	0.93	68.17	30.28	138.64
	F3	7.18	15.29	1.02	69.36	32.19	141.27

处理 Treatment	N (kg·hm^-2)	P₂O₅ (kg·hm^-2)	K₂O (kg·hm^-2)	有机无机氮施用量 Organic and inorganic nitrogen application rates
F0	0	0	0	不施氮 No nitrogen application
F1	450	90	40	450 kg·hm^-2 无机氮 450 kg·hm^-2Inorganic nitrogen
F2	450	90	40	135 kg·hm^-2 有机氮+315 kg·hm^-2无机氮 135 kg·hm^-2Organic nitrogen+315 kg·hm^-2 Inorganic nitrogen
F3	450	90	40	315 kg·hm^-2 有机氮+135 kg·hm^-2无机氮 315 kg·hm^-2Organic nitrogen+135 kg·hm^-2 Inorganic nitrogen

土壤水分 Soil water condition	施肥 Fertilizer	根长 Root length (m)		根表面积 Root surface area (cm²)		根体积 Root biomass (cm³)
土壤水分 Soil water condition	施肥 Fertilizer	2018	2019	2018	2019	2018	2019
W1	F0	24.2a	25.8a	378.2a	392.1a	38.2a	41.3a
	F1	18.6c	20.1c	314.7c	356.2c	40.3a	42.8a
	F2	19.0c	22.7b	356.1b	372.8b	41.5a	43.4a
	F3	22.2b	23.1b	371.5a	385.6a	43.6a	45.1a
W2	F0	33.7d	35.3d	432.8d	446.7d	64.7d	68.9d
	F1	38.3c	40.1c	516.3c	529.4c	87.3c	92.4c
	F2	42.6b	42.4b	531.7b	558.6b	105.2b	112.4b
	F3	47.3a	45.3a	576.2a	597.3a	117.9a	124.7a
W3	F0	42.2d	41.1d	457.1d	462.8d	67.8c	73.1d
	F1	55.3c	56.5c	623.5c	610.7c	125.4b	133.6c
	F2	59.6a	60.7a	714.8a	729.3a	152.1a	158.9a
	F3	56.4b	58.7b	653.2b	682.5b	130.7b	146.3b
方差分析 ANOVA
W		**	**	**	**	**	**
F		**	**	**	**	**	**
W×F		**	**	**	**	**	**

土壤水分 Soil water condition	施肥 Fertilizer	地上部干重 Shoot dry matter (g/plant)		根系干重 Root dry matter (g/plant)		根冠比 R/S ratio
土壤水分 Soil water condition	施肥 Fertilizer	2018	2019	2018	2019	2018	2019
W1	F0	33.9c	34.5c	6.1a	6.5a	0.18a	0.19a
	F1	38.8b	40.7b	6.2a	6.6a	0.16b	0.16b
	F2	40.2a	41.6a	6.3a	7.0a	0.16b	0.17b
	F3	40.7a	42.5a	6.2a	7.2a	0.15b	0.17b
W2	F0	42.7d	43.1d	6.8c	6.8c	0.16a	0.16a
	F1	51.4c	53.6c	7.1c	6.4c	0.14c	0.12d
	F2	59.7b	61.4b	8.9b	8.5b	0.15b	0.14c
	F3	62.3a	67.2a	9.3a	10.0a	0.15b	0.15b
W3	F0	46.9d	48.6d	6.0c	6.8c	0.13a	0.14a
	F1	58.9c	54.4c	5.8c	5.9d	0.10c	0.11d
	F2	67.5a	71.2a	8.1a	9.2a	0.12b	0.13b
	F3	63.4b	67.3b	7.6b	8.1b	0.12b	0.12c
方差分析 ANOVA
W		**	**	**	**	*	*
F		**	**	**	**	*	**
W×F		**	**	**	**	ns	ns

水分 Water	施肥 Fertilizer	单株铃数 Number of bolls		单铃重 Boll mass (g)		衣分 Lint percentage (%)		籽棉产量 Lint yield (kg·hm^-2)
水分 Water	施肥 Fertilizer	2018	2019	2018	2019	2018	2019	2018	2019
W1	F0	3.4b	3.3b	4.3b	4.5b	42.9a	43.1a	2137.5b	2318.6b
	F1	4.1a	3.9a	5.5a	5.6a	43.1a	43.0a	2859.4a	2937.2a
	F2	4.3a	4.2a	5.7a	5.6a	43.2a	43.1a	3025.7a	2986.1a
	F3	4.4a	4.2a	5.5a	5.8a	43.0a	43.2a	3012.5a	2954.3a
W2	F0	3.9d	4.1d	5.6b	5.8b	42.5a	42.4a	2412.7d	2569.2d
	F1	5.2c	5.4c	6.3a	6.2a	42.4a	42.4a	3628.4c	3714.6c
	F2	5.6b	5.7b	6.4a	6.5a	42.3a	42.5a	3965.1b	4086.5b
	F3	5.9a	6.1a	6.4a	6.4a	42.3a	42.4a	4217.3a	4386.5a
W3	F0	4.4d	4.7d	5.9b	6.1b	41.8a	41.6a	2675.2d	2834.7d
	F1	5.6c	5.8c	6.3a	6.5a	42.0a	41.7a	4325.8c	4410.6c
	F2	6.5a	6.9a	6.4a	6.4a	41.5a	41.8a	4713.5a	4822.3a
	F3	6.1b	6.3b	6.5a	6.4a	41.6a	41.7a	4593.7b	4617.9b
方差分析 ANOVA
W		**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**
F		**	**	**	**	ns	ns	**	**
W×F		**	**	**	**	ns	ns	**	**

Effects of Combined Application of Organic Fertilizer and Chemical Fertilizer on Root Characteristics and Yield of Cotton Under Different Water Conditions

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