丛枝菌根真菌对玉米生育期土壤N2O排放的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.10.010

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The aim of this study was to understand the mechanism of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on soil nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, so as to provide the theoretical basis for increasing maize yield, improving nitrogen (N) use efficiency and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. 【Method】 A 2-factorial greenhouse experiment was established during maize growth periods in 2016 and 2017. The factors were as follows: (1) N fertilizer rates (180 kg N·hm^-2 (N1) and 360 kg N·hm^-2 (N2)), and (2) three mycorrhizae treatments, including a control (M0, neither roots nor AMF could enter the hyphal chamber from the growth chamber), an AMF treatment (M1, only AMF can enter the hyphal chamber from the growth chamber), and a root treatment (M2, both roots and AMF can enter the hyphal chamber from the growth chamber). Maize grain yield, plant biomass and their N accumulation, and soil N₂O flux were measured. Soil bacterial community structure and diversity at maize maturity stage was determined by using the high throughput sequencing technique on Hiseq 2500 PE250. 【Result】 Both N fertilizer rates and mycorrhizae treatments significantly affected maize yield, plant N accumulation and soil N₂O flux. Compared with M0, maize yield under M1 and M2 under the conditions of N1 input increased by 38% and 82%, by 30% and 52% for aboveground N accumulation, respectively, and reduced by 26% and 65% for soil inorganic N, respectively. However, under the conditions of N2 input, the maize yield under M1 and M2 increased by 16% and 48%, by 9% and 33% for aboveground N accumulation, and reduced by 34% and 55% for soil inorganic N, respectively. Compared with the M0, the total N₂O emission of M1 and M2 treatments reduced by 17% and 40% under the conditions of N1 input, and by 41% and 67% for the N₂O emission intensity, respectively; while under the conditions of N2 input, the total N₂O emission reduced by 26% and 45%, and by 28% and 57% for the N₂O emission intensity, respectively. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis showed that both N fertilizer rates and mycorrhizae treatments had significant effects on bacterial communities’ composition. Compared with N1, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes under N2 treatment on phyla level reduced by 6% and 15%, increased by 32% for Actinobacteria, while on genera level, the Streptomyces increased by 27%, and reduced by 8% for Gemmatimonas. Compared with M0 under the conditions of N1 input, the relative abundance of Streptomyces under M1 and M2 increased by 64% and 205%, by 31% and 53% for Gemmatimonas; however, under the conditions of N2 input, the relative abundance of Streptomyces under M1 and M2 increased by 10% and 93%, respectively, the Gemmatimonas for M1 reduced by 2%, and increased by 56% for M2. Moreover, the relative abundance of soil Streptomyces and Gemmatimonas was negatively related with soil N₂O emission, but positively related with maize yield. 【Conclusion】 Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi could reduce soil N₂O emission under both higher and lower N fertilizer application rate by increasing the maize N uptake, and regulating the bacterial composition, especially increasing the relative abundance of Streptomyces and Gemmatimonas.

Key words: nitrogen fertilizer, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, maize, soil N₂O flux, soil bacteria

ZHANG XueLin,HE TangQing,ZHANG ChenXi,TIAN MingHui,LI XiaoLi,WU Mei,ZHOU YaNan,HAO XiaoFeng. Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Soil N₂O Emissions During Maize Growth Periods[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(10): 2000-2012.

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处理 Treatment	产量 Yield (g/plant)		地上部氮素积累量 ANA (mg/plant)		根系氮素积累量 RNA (mg/plant)		硝态氮 NO₃^--N (mg·kg^-1)		无机氮 Inorganic N (mg·kg^-1)
处理 Treatment	2016	2017	2016	2017	2016	2017	2016	2017	2016	2017
N1M0	33.43c	38.91c	621.75d	1041.00d	51.18c	84.37c	101.37b	39.14b	108.05b	40.46b
N1M1	48.56c	55.38b	867.33c	1287.15cd	57.01bc	96.50c	54.40c	28.25d	61.93c	29.79d
N1M2	77.30b	61.61b	1041.61b	1493.88bc	77.59ab	147.92ab	39.34c	12.70f	44.62d	14.07f
N2M0	69.19b	61.65b	1040.61b	1566.71abc	60.31bc	129.03b	125.70a	51.99a	136.45a	53.24a
N2M1	70.44b	62.32b	1158.00b	1674.16ab	66.6abc	139.52b	60.09c	33.32c	66.11c	35.02c
N2M2	102.63a	76.34a	1580.41a	1893.64a	85.44a	163.87a	58.84c	22.41e	64.50c	23.86e
氮肥处理 Nitrogen (N)	167.06^***	16.64^**	108.43^***	21.38^***	2.59	42.88^***	6.77^*	45.02^***	7.22^*	41.62^***
菌根处理 Mycorrhizae (M)	120.83^***	8.86^**	49.01^***	5.68^*	7.98^**	31.81^***	40.79^***	138.86^***	42.31^***	125.63^***
N×M	3.80^*	1.58	3.21	0.22	0.009	3.11	0.78	2.71	1.18	2.33

处理Treatment	Species	OTU number	Chao1	Shannon	Simpson	Coverage
N1M0	3137a	61950a	3560a	9.09b	0.987b	0.986b
N1M1	3135a	60272a	3488a	9.78a	0.996a	0.989a
N1M2	3250a	61658a	3659a	9.65a	0.995ab	0.987ab
N2M0	3133a	62337a	3546a	9.52ab	0.995a	0.987ab
N2M1	3349a	60040a	3750a	9.69a	0.995a	0.987ab
N2M2	3133a	62639a	3465a	9.61a	0.995a	0.988ab

Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Soil N₂O Emissions During Maize Growth Periods

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Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Soil N2O Emissions During Maize Growth Periods

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Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Soil N₂O Emissions During Maize Growth Periods