2种架式对3个鲜食葡萄品种栽培性状及果实品质的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.07.003

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The effects of two different trellis systems on viticultural characteristics, fruit quality and disease incidence of three table grape cultivars were studied deeply to provide theoretical basis for the selection of appropriate trellis system for Northern China alluvial plain.【Method】Vitis vinifera L. were used as plant materials, including Ruiducuixia, Ruiduwuheyi and Ruiduhongyu, which were planted with “T” shaped and “V” shaped trellis systems, respectively. Phenological stages, fruiting habits, photosynthetic characteristics, vine structure, labor intensity, fruit quality indexes including cluster weight, berry weight, berry width, berry length, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), total anthocyanins, flavonoid and proanthocyanidin of three cultivars in both trellis systems were measured.【Result】There was no significant difference in phenological stages or fruiting habits. In most cases, percentage of germination showed higher value with T-trellis, while other fruiting habits showed no significant differences. T-trellis showed considerable advantages in management operations of the vineyard, in terms of the lateral shoot management, topping of primary shoot, fruit branch binding and winter pruning. Both Soil-bury and untying hours in the fall and out-of-soil and tying hours in the spring showed no statistically difference between the two trellis systems. Ruiducuixia showed higher net photosynthetic rate (Pn) with V-trellis in 2017, Ruiduwuheyi showed higher Pn with V-trellis in 2016, in other cases, T-trellis showed significantly higher Pn. Ruiduwuheyi showed higher stomatal conductance with T-trellis for the three years but the other two cultivars showed inconsistent results. Ruiducuixia had a higher transpiration rate with V-trellis; Ruiduxiangyu had the same trend in 2016. In most cases, there was no difference in intercellular CO₂ concentration between the two trellis systems. The shoot width of three cultivars showed trivial difference between the two trellis systems in 2017. However, after the vigor of the vine had been trained to a moderate level, the standard deviation of shoot width of T-trellis had decreased to 2.3, 2.6 and 2.3 for the three cultivars, lower than that of V-trellis (2.7, 2.75 and 3.0), showing higher shoot consistency. Three cultivars showed different results of canopy height and canopy length, while the grapevines grown with V-trellis had larger canopy volume. Leaf area index of Ruiducuixia and Ruiduxiangyu were much higher with V-trellis than T-trellis, while Ruiduwuheyi showed the opposite. The leaf chlorophyll between the two trellis systems showed no statistical difference. As for leaf disease, V-trellis showed much higher disease index and incidence of downy mildew than T-trellis, while no difference was found on powdery mildew. There was no significant difference in cluster weight, single berry weight, vertical diameter, horizontal diameter or total soluble solids. With T-trellis, TSS/TA was in a better range which made the berries taste more balanced and desirable. Ruiducuixia and Ruiduwuheyi showed higher total anthocyanins with T-trellis; all three cultivars had higher level of flavonoid with T-trellis; besides, Ruiduwuheyi showed higher value of proanthocyanidin with T-trellis system, while the other two cultivars showed no significant difference. 【Conclusion】 Based on the three-year study, for soil-bury grape growing areas in Northern China alluvial plain, T-trellis system showed higher photosynthetic use efficiency, less disease incidence, better shoot consistency, higher fruit quality and less labor intensity for vineyard management, manifesting an favorable trellis system to be promoted and practiced in commercial vineyards.

Key words: grape, trellis system, vine vigor, fruit quality

WANG XiaoYue,ZHANG GuoJun,SUN Lei,ZHAO Yin,YAN AiLing,WANG HuiLing,REN JianCheng,XU HaiYing. Effects of Two Trellis Systems on Viticultural Characteristics and Fruit Quality of Three Table Grape Cultivars[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(7): 1150-1163.

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References 49

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4月April	14.7	45.7	11.3	34.29	134.0
5月May	20.8	44.3	11.3	24.89	290.0
6月June	24.4	57.9	9.3	34.80	407.5
7月July	26.5	65.7	7.6	83.07	481.0
8月August	26.1	68.6	7.3	71.10	501.0
9月September	20.6	71.2	8.1	50.54	302.5
10月October	13.8	59.2	9.3	14.22	130.5
11月November	2.9	78.9	7.5	17.28	0.5
均值/总合Average/Total	18.7	61.4	9.0	330.20	2247
2016
4月April	15.5	38.8	11.4	5.59	159.5
5月May	20.2	45.0	10.9	17.77	297.0
6月June	24.9	57.7	8.5	61.47	421.5
7月July	27.1	69.4	7.9	181.61	501.0
8月August	27.0	66.3	8.1	71.37	500.0
9月September	21.3	66.2	7.7	56.13	335.5
10月October	12.9	72.4	8.0	50.30	113.0
11月November	3.52	62.1	8.6	7.87	1.5
均值/总合Average/Total	19.1	59.7	8.9	452.11	2329
2017
4月April	15.5	36.4	10.6	0	124.5
5月May	22.0	40.9	10.5	28.95	293.5
6月June	24.7	50.5	9.0	80.78	357.5
7月July	27.3	75.0	7.7	63.51	443.5
8月August	25.9	73.3	7.5	199.9	423
9月September	21.7	64.5	7.4	3.05	318
10月October	12.3	72.5	7.1	32.77	80.5
11月November	3.1	46.0	10.3	0	4.0
均值/总合Average/Total	19.1	57.4	8.8	408.96	2044.5

年份 Year	品种 Cultivar	架式 Trellis system	萌芽期 Bud break (M-D)	初花期 First bloom (M-D)	始熟期 Veraison (M-D)	新梢始熟期 Cane maturation (M-D)
2015	CX	T	4-18	5-26	7-6	9-6
		V	4-19	5-27	7-9	9-1
	WHY	T	4-22	5-27	7-19	8-25
		V	4-22	5-26	7-22	8-2
	XY	T	4-21	5-24	7-13	8-14
		V	4-19	5-24	7-13	8-5
2016	CX	T	4-18	5-23	7-2	9-9
		V	4-18	5-22	7-2	9-1
	WHY	T	4-21	5-28	7-24	8-28
		V	4-22	5-26	7-24	8-26
	XY	T	4-17	5-20	7-25	8-25
		V	4-18	5-19	7-24	8-27
2017	CX	T	4-18	5-19	7-5	8-28
		V	4-18	5-19	7-4	8-25
	WHY	T	4-21	5-20	7-16	8-18
		V	4-22	5-20	7-16	8-18
	XY	T	4-17	5-16	7-6	8-26
		V	4-18	5-16	7-9	8-28

年份 Year	品种 Cultivar	架式 Trellis system	萌芽率 Percentage of germination (%)	结果枝率 Percentage of bearing shoots (%)	结果系数 Cluster number per bearing shoot
2015	CX	T	95.3±2.2*	83.8±4.7	1.73±0.1
		V	48.3±4.8	94.2±1.7	1.80±0.1
	WHY	T	71.0±3.1	66.2±2.0	1.21±0.0
		V	39.2±4.0	69.4±6.5	1.09±0.0
	XY	T	86.7±3.3*	54.7±17.6	1.63±0.1
		V	47.6±3.3	80.0±2.0	1.88±0.1
2016	CX	T	67.8±3.9	90.0±1.1	1.83±0.1
		V	63.8±3.3	93.3±4.1	1.57±0.0
	WHY	T	72.0±1.5	87.4±3.6	1.45±0.1
		V	70.5±2.0	75.8±10.5	1.17±0.0
	XY	T	72.0±2.9	59.0±8.2	1.11±0.1
		V	61.1±3.6	71.5±4.4	1.56±0.1
2017	CX	T	73.1±5.0	77.8±6.1	1.52±0.1
		V	64.6±8.1	71.6±6.1	1.49±0.0
	WHY	T	67.4±7.6	76.6±7.4	1.35±0.1
		V	67.9±3.7	54.1±21.5	1.30±0.1
	XY	T	60.5±3.7	71.6±7.7	1.41±0.2
		V	67.7±8.0	61.9±3.8	1.71±0.1

项目 Parameter	V型 V-trellis	T型 T-trellis
长势Vigor	较旺 Vigorous	中庸 Moderate
顶端优势 Apical dominance	较明显 Obvious	不明显 Not obvious
结果带距地面高度Fruit setting height (cm)	40	170
出土上架工时（时／人·亩）Out-of-soil and tying hours per person per 1/6 acre	24	24
副梢管理次数（／年）Lateral shoot management times (/year)	10	5
摘心次数（／年）Topping times (/year)	1—2	1
结果枝绑缚次数（／年）Fruit branch binding times (/year)	2	1
冬季修剪工时（时／人·亩）Winter pruning hours per person per 1/6 acre	2	1.33
下架埋土工时（时／人·亩） Soil-bury and untying hours per person per 1/6 acre	3.2	3.2

品种 Cultivar	架式 Trellis system	叶幕高度 Canopy height (cm)	叶幕长度 Canopy length (cm)	叶幕厚度 Canopy thickness (cm)	叶幕体积 Canopy volume (cm³)	叶面积指数 Leaf area index	叶片叶绿素 Leaf chlorophyll contents (SPAD)
CX	T	127.3±2.7	162.7±3.0	39.3±2.0	0.86±0.0	1.33±0.22	42.4±1.6
	V	111.7±6.1	303.0±28.8	60.0±5.8*	2.0±0.3*	1.71±0.15	31.4±3.9
WHY	T	111.0±8.5	177.7±29.0	52.0±4.0	1.0±0.2	2.05±0.23	44.9±0.6
	V	114.7±2.4	202.7±30.0	58.7±7.2	1.4±0.3	1.78±0.03	49.1±1.8
XY	T	94.3±1.9	328.0±17.4*	51.0±4.0	1.6±0.1	1.00±0.07	44.6±1.7
	V	116.7±3.2*	234.7±25.9	73.0±10.4	1.9±0.1*	1.57±0.14*	44.0±0.9

Effects of Two Trellis Systems on Viticultural Characteristics and Fruit Quality of Three Table Grape Cultivars

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年份 Year	品种 Variety	架式 Trellis system	果穗重 Cluster weight (g)	单粒重 Berry weight (g)	横径 Berry width	纵径 Berry length	可溶性固形物 Total soluble solids (°Brix)	可滴定酸 Titratable acidity (g·L^-1)	固酸比 TSS/TA
2015	CX	T	681±16*	8.0	2.39	2.45	15.6±0.2	4.75±0.02	32.8
		V	480±38	7.3	2.25	2.43	15.3±0.6	4.48±0.02	34.2
	WHY	T	674±107	6.8	2.29	2.46	16.5±0.5	5.30±0.07	31.1
		V	657±64	8.7	2.45	2.67	16.5±0.3	5.47±0.03	30.2
	XY	T	595±218	9.4	2.52	2.71	17.2±0.2	4.41±0.02	39.0
		V	529±48	8.0	2.38	2.65	17.3±0.3	4.41±0.02	39.2
2016	CX	T	497±37*	7.6	2.34	2.42	18.8±0.1	3.58±0.05	52.5
		V	286±41	6.8	2.16	2.51	18.6±0.6	3.14±0.03	59.2*
	WHY	T	373±99	6.7	2.14	2.53	15.8±0.7	4.36±0.02	36.2
		V	244±29	6.9	2.10	2.40	15.8±0.2	4.31±0.01	36.7
	XY	T	296±95	7.2	2.23	2.54	16.6±0.3	4.50±0.03	36.9
		V	310±32	8.5	2.35	2.60	16.5±0.2	3.55±0.04	46.5*
2017	CX	T	392±22	6.1	2.16	2.15	18.4±1.0	3.11±0.03*	59.2
		V	480±32	7.0	2.27	2.30	18.3±0.4	2.53±0.11	72.3*
	WHY	T	369±58	7.0	2.25	2.41	15.3±0.4	3.56±0.01	43.0*
		V	309±21	7.0	2.21	2.42	14.0±0.9	4.70±0.01*	29.8
	XY	T	363±35	7.1	2.23	2.39	18.0±0.4	3.51±0.03	51.3
		V	384±23	6.9	2.22	2.33	17.3±0.6	3.62±0.11	47.8

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年份 Year	品种 Cultivar	架式 Trellis system	霜霉病Downy mildew		白粉病Powdery mildew
年份 Year	品种 Cultivar	架式 Trellis system	发病率Incidence (%)	病情指数Disease index	发病率Incidence (%)	病情指数Disease index
2016	CX	T	7.79±2.56	0.87±0.28	7.78±5.21	0.86±0.58
		V	2.48±1.32	0.28±0.15	16.00±8.19	2.22±1.16
	WHY	T	6.20±2.67	0.69±0.30	44.00±8.84	7.11±1.93
		V	11.83±0.85	1.31±0.10	53.00±13.3	18.33±5.24
	XY	T	4.62±1.71	0.51±0.19	0	0
		V	14.38±1.35*	1.94±0.40*	0	0
2017	CX	T	15.93±8.49	2.14±0.97	33.33±6.15	9.63±4.42
		V	46.67±8.03*	17.41±5.01*	33.33±10.5	10.37±5.57
	WHY	T	7.04±4.46	1.60±1.22	41.06±7.97*	10.49±4.02
		V	36.67±8.82*	8.52±2.14*	16.67±5.58	4.07±2.00
	XY	T	1.67±1.67	0.56±0.56	14.58±6.78	4.40±2.55
		V	30.00±0.00*	8.89±1.38*	23.33±3.33	5.56±1.25