Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2019, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (3): 445-454.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.03.005

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY·AGRICULTURE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

A Method of Ecological Suitability Evaluation and Its Application for Maize Planted in Mountain Farmland Based on GIS (Case Study: Xundian County)

LI Chao1,LI WenFeng2(),ZHAO Yao2,SHANG JingMin2   

  1. 1 Yunnan Meteorological Observatory, Kunming 650034
    2 Engineering Technical Research Centre of Agricultural Big-data in Yunnan, Kunming 650201
  • Received:2018-09-11 Accepted:2018-12-17 Online:2019-02-01 Published:2019-02-14

Abstract:

【Objective】 Crop suitability evaluation is an important means for production zoning. This paper developed a new evaluation model of the ecological suitability for maize planted in mountain farmland, according to climatic, soil and topography condition. 【Method】 An evaluation index system of maize ecological suitability were selected after a systematic and comparative analysis of literature reviews, and 18 eco-environment factors were involved in the system. A climate model was established by the method of agricultural modeling based on the climatic conditions of maize growth period and ecological efficiency. The membership function method was used to calculate the suitability index for numerical and conceptual indicator variables, respectively. Expert scoring and analytic hierarchy process were used to determine the weight of each factor. Combining the weights and evaluation function, a new evaluation model was constructed to evaluate the suitability of climate, soil nutrient, site conditions, land management, and comprehensive ecological suitability. According the stereoscopic character of mountain farmland, evaluation units were divided by land using, soil type, and administrative division. The values of 18 indicators were calculated by GIS spatial analysis and attached into evaluation unites. Using the evaluation model and spatial data, the maize ecological suitability was evaluated for each class respectively or comprehensively. 【Result】 This method was used to evaluate maize ecological suitability in Xundian county, where the cultivated land was divided into 8 415 evaluation units. The suitable and high suitable area in climatic condition, soil nutrient, site condition, land management accounted for 58%, 86%, 42%, and 90%, respectively. The suitable and higher suitable area of maize planting accounted for 50.6% and 35.4%, respectively, which mainly distributed in the middle-southeast low-middle hilly area, and some in the central and northern Jinsha River valleys and western valley trough areas. The barely suitable and unsuitable area accounted for 9.4% and 4.6%, which mainly distributed in the northwest and some in the west of the central part. 【Conclusion】 This method was able to response the climatic difference during maize growth period and the stereoscopic character of mountain farmland. The suitability area distributed as fragments. The results were consistent with the regional situation basically. The climate and terrain were primary limit factors for the ecological suitability of maize in the region.

Key words: GIS, maize, ecological suitability, evaluation, Xundian county

Fig. 1

Commonly-used indexes and usage frequency for evaluation of maize ecological suitability"

Table 1

Indexes and their weights for evaluation of maize ecological suitability"

目标层
Target layer
准则层
Rule layer
权重
Weight
指标层
Index layer
权重
Weight
生态适宜性评价指标Evaluation index system of ecological suitability 气候条件
Climate condition, U1
0.451 日平均气温Daily average temperature, U11 (℃) 0.069
≥10℃积温≥10℃ accumulated temperature, U12 (℃) 0.188
降水量Precipitation, U13 (mm) 0.116
日照时数Sunshine hours, U14 (h) 0.082
土壤肥力Soil nutrient, U2 0.146 有机质Organic matter, U21 (g·kg-1) 0.057
有效磷Available P, U22 (mg·kg-1) 0.024
速效钾Available K, U23 (mg·kg-1) 0.025
碱解氮 Available N, U24 (mg·kg-1) 0.017
立地条件Site condition, U3 0.168 pH, U31 0.035
土壤质地Soil texture, U32 0.017
坡度Slope, U33 (°) 0.014
坡向Aspect, U34 0.008
海拔Altitude, U35 (m) 0.043
地貌类型Topographic type, U36 0.017
耕层厚度Tillage depth, U37 (cm) 0.034
成土母质Parent material, U38 0.016
土地管理
Land management, U4
0.235 灌溉能力Irrigation, U41 0.113
排涝能力Drainage, U42 (t·km-2) 0.125

Table 2

Membership function for numeric factors"

评价指标
Evaluation index
函数类型
Function type
隶属函数
Membership function
标准值
Standard value
极限值
Limit value
有机质Organic matter 戒上型Upper limit Y=1/[1+0.006889×(ui–c)2][21,24,27] 30 10
有效磷Available P 戒上型Upper limit Y=1/[1+0.00653×(ui–c)2][21,24,27] 40 3
速效钾Available K 戒上型Upper limit Y=1/[1+0.000064×(ui–c)2][21,24,27] 200 30
碱解氮Available N 戒上型Upper limit Y=1/[1+0.001335×(ui–c)2][21,24,27] 150 30
耕层厚度Tillage depth 戒上型Upper limit Y=1/[1+0.00745×(ui–c)2][28,29] 40 22
坡度Slope 戒下型Lower limit Y=1/[1+0.00496×(ui–c)2][28,29] 2.84 15
pH 峰值型Peaker Y=1/[1+0.265×(ui–c)2] [21,24,27] 5.74 4.5/8.5

Table 3

Membership function for conceptual factors"

评价指标
Evaluation index
描述
Description
专家评估值
Expert evaluation value
排涝能力
Irrigation
指标Index 优Excellent 良Good 中Fair 较差Worse 差Poor
隶属度Membership 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2
灌溉保证率
Drainage
指标Index 80-95 65-80 50-65 30-50
隶属度Membership 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.5
成土母质
Parent material
指标Index 5, 6, 8 9 7 3, 4 1, 2
隶属度Membership 1 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.4
坡向
Aspect
指标Index
North
东南、东
Southeast, East
西南
Southwest
西
West
北、东北、西北
North,Northeast,Northwest
隶属度Membership 1 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.4
土壤质地
Soil texture
指标Index 中壤
Medium loam soil
轻壤
Light soil
黏壤
Clay loam soil
砂壤
Sandy loam soil
隶属度Membership 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7
地貌类型
Topographic type
指标Index 1-3 4 5-6 7-10 11-16
隶属度Membership 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6
海拔
Altitude
指标Index ≤1900 1900-2200 2200-2600 2600-3100 ≥3100
隶属度Membership 1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.5

Fig. 2

Distribution of maize ecological suitability in Xundian"

Fig. 3

Area percentage of every maize ecological suitability grade in Xundian"

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