黄萎病不同发生程度棉田土壤中的真菌群落特征分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.03.006

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 Fungus is an important part of soil microbial system, which can obviously indicate the change of soil environment. The objective of this study is to analyze the characteristics of fungal communities in cotton-field soil with different incidences of Verticillium wilt, determine the effect of Verticillium dahliae on the diversity and community structures of fungi in cotton fields, and to reveal the ecological function of fungi community in soil during the occurrence of Verticillium wilt.【Method】 Cotton fields with different incidences of Verticillium wilt in Aksu and Shihezi, and artificially inoculated cotton field in Korla were chosen as research objects. Six soil samples collected from serious diseased fields in Aksu (AD), Korla (KD), Shihezi (SD) and their controls were tested, respectively. Illumina Hiseq high-throughput sequencing technique was used to study the diversity and community structure of fungi in soil. The correlation between fungal community structure and soil nutrients was clarified with redundancy analysis (RDA).【Result】 At the similarity level of 97%, the OTU number, Chao1 and Ace richness index of fungi in AD and SD samples were higher than those of ACK and SCK samples, while the Simpson index was lower than that of control. There was no significant difference in OTU number, Chao1 and Ace richness index and Simpson index between artificially inoculated KD and control KCK samples. NMDS analysis showed that the soil samples of AD and SD had spatial tendency first and then temporal tendency, while the soil samples in Korla had temporal tendency first and then spatial tendency. In terms of community composition, at the phylum level, the abundance of Ascomycota in soil was dominant, followed by Basidiomycota and Mortierellomycota. The abundance differences of the three phylum groups between KD and KCK samples and between SD and SCK samples were relatively small, while those between AD and ACK samples were relatively larger. At the genus level, Sporobolomyces had the highest abundance, and the abundances of both Sporobolomyces and Mortierella were higher than those of the control in the soils of seriously diseased field in different regions, but Wardomyces was lower than that of the control. In addition, the abundance of Pyrenochaetopsis, Microdochium and Fusarium in AD samples was lower than that of ACK samples, while the abundance of these three genera in SD samples was higher than that of SCK samples. The significant difference analysis among groups indicated that the significant difference markers in Korla and Shihezi soils were mainly concentrated in the seriously diseased fields, while in Aksu soils they were mainly concentrated in disease-free fields. Correlation and RDA analysis showed that soil organic matter and total nitrogen content were positively correlated with OTU number and abundance of fungi, but had low correlation with Simpson index. The pH, total phosphorus and total potassium were positively correlated with Simpson index, while total salt was negatively correlated with Simpson index.【Conclusion】 The OTU number and abundance of fungi in the soil of natural seriously diseased cotton fields are higher than those in the control, but the diversity of fungi is low. In the short term, artificial inoculation does not have significant effects on the abundance, diversity and community structure of the fungi in the soil. The diversity, abundance and composition of fungi in soil are significantly affected by the indexes of organic matter, total nitrogen and salt content. The sampling period also has significant effects on the community structure of fungi in soil.

Key words: Verticillium dahliae, cotton Verticillium wilt, invasion, cotton-field soil, fungal community, high-throughput sequencing

LIU HaiYang, WANG Wei, ZHANG RenFu, RAXIDA ·ABDURAHMAN, YAO Ju. Fungal Community Structure of Cotton-Field Soil Under Different Incidences of Cotton Verticillium Wilt[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(3): 455-465.

Figures/Tables 7

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采集地点 Sampling location	棉田类型 Cotton field type	采集时期 Sampling time	样品编号 Sample ID
阿克苏市 Aksu City	对照田Control field	2016-04	a4w2、a4w4、a4w6
	对照田Control field	2016-08	a8w1、a8w2、a8w3
	重病田Serious disease field	2016-04	an4b1、an4b3、an4b6
	重病田Serious disease field	2016-08	an8b1、an8b2、an8b3
石河子市 Shihezi City	对照田Control field	2016-04	bn4w2、bn4w4、bn4w6
	对照田Control field	2016-08	bn8w1、bn8w2、bn8w3
	重病田Serious disease field	2016-04	sn4b2、sn4b4、sn4b6
	重病田Serious disease field	2016-08	sn8b1、sn8b2、sn8b3
库尔勒市 Korla City	对照田Control field	2016-04	k4c1、k4c2、k4c3
	对照田Control field	2016-08	k8c1、k8c2、k8c3
	重病田Serious disease field	2016-04	k4v1、k4v2、k4v3
	重病田Serious disease field	2016-08	k8v1、k8v2、k8v3

采样地点Sampling location	采样时期 Sampling time	处理 Treatment	分类单元 OTU	Chao1丰富度 Chao1 richness estimator	Ace丰富度 Ace richness estimator	辛普森指数 Simpson diversity index
阿克苏市 Aksu City	2016-04	AD	240.0±1.0a	241.8±1.5a	243.6±3.5a	0.172±0.06a
	2016-04	ACK	223.3±9.6a	226.7±9.4a	226.8±9.8a	0.173±0.03a
	2016-08	AD	232.0±14.2a	236.1±11.0a	236.9±12.0a	0.167±0.03a
	2016-08	ACK	226.3±6.6a	232.5±5.3a	233.6±5.3a	0.176±0.01a
石河子市 Shihezi City	2016-04	SD	248.0±1.0c	249.5±1.40b	251.6±1.26b	0.132±0.02a
	2016-04	SCK	237.0±5.3b	239.9±5.6ab	241.7±5.5ab	0.251±0.05b
	2016-08	SD	239.3±4.0bc	240.6±4.8ab	240.1±4.7ab	0.191±0.02b
	2016-08	SCK	219.3±7.6a	232.1±11.4a	232.3±9.5a	0.211±0.03b
库尔勒市 Korla City	2016-04	KD	234.6±5.0a	237.0±7.6a	236.3±7.0a	0.132±0.05a
	2016-04	KCK	234.3±5.0a	237.8±5.1a	238.5±6.9a	0.127±0.03a
	2016-08	KD	220.6±20.6a	229.2±17.2a	231.1±19.6a	0.117±0.01a
	2016-08	KCK	223.6±6.4a	232.4±5.3a	231.5±8.1a	0.129±0.02a

分析指标 Analysis index	分类单元 OTU	Chao1丰富度 Chao1 richness estimator	Ace丰富度 Ace richness estimator	辛普森指数 Simpson diversity index
酸碱度 pH	0.3157	0.2802	0.3294	0.7799*
总盐 Total salt	-0.3371	-0.2936	-0.3471	-0.7604*
有机质 Organic matter	0.7558*	0.7657*	0.7528*	0.2136
全氮 Total nitrogen	0.7322*	0.7575*	0.7498*	0.3109
全磷 Total phosphorus	0.3257	0.4119	0.4251	0.6209*
全钾 Total potassium	-0.3892	-0.2962	-0.2389	0.8848**

Fungal Community Structure of Cotton-Field Soil Under Different Incidences of Cotton Verticillium Wilt

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