不同缓/控释氮肥对春玉米氮素吸收利用、 土壤无机氮变化及氮平衡的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.20.011

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】This research aimed to evaluate the effects of different types slow/controlled release nitrogen fertilizer treatments on spring maize yield, nitrogen accumulation characteristics at key growth periods, soil inorganic nitrogen change, nitrogen balance, and other aspects at the middle region of Jilin province, so as to select the suitable slow/controlled release nitrogen fertilizer type and provide the theoretical basis on reasonable application of slow/controlled release nitrogen fertilizers.【Method】 Two field experiments were conducted in the middle maize production regions of Jilin province in 2014 and 2015 with 6 treatments, including no nitrogen fertilization control (CK), common urea (CU), sulfur-coated urea (SCU), polymer-coated urea (CRF), stability urea (SU) and urea formaldehyde (UF). Grain yield, N content in different growth period and soil inorganic nitrogen content were measured, and N uptake, nitrogen utilization efficiency, soil inorganic N accumulation and N balance were also calculated. 【Result】The maize yield under slow/controlled release nitrogen fertilizer treatments was significantly higher than that under CU treatment, with 19.6% (2014) and 18.8% (2015), respectively, and the maize yield in the CRF treatment was the highest. N recovery efficiency, agronomic efficiency and partial factor productivity were significantly increased under the slow/controlled release N fertilizer treatments by 44.8%-72.6%, 70.8%-147.7%, 9.6%-19.6% (2014) and 29.2%-48.0%, 47.7%-86.5%, 10.4%-18.9% (2015), respectively, and which of CRF treatment were the highest. N accumulation was significantly increased with N fertilizer application, which of CRF treatment was the highest from filling stage to mature stage. Compared with CU treatment, soil inorganic nitrogen content was significantly increased from flowering stage to mature stage in 0-30 cm soil, that of CRF treatment was the highest from flowering stage to filling stage, and that of UF treatment was the highest in mature stage. The contents of inorganic nitrogen decreased with the increase of soil depth in 0-180 cm soil profile after maize harvest. Compared with CU treatment, slow/controlled release nitrogen fertilizer treatments improved the contents of inorganic nitrogen in 0-30 cm soil, and that of UF treatment was the highest. Correlation analysis results showed that there were significant and extremely significant positive correlation between total N accumulation, grain yield and soil inorganic nitrogen content from bell stage to mature stage, N utilization efficiency was significant and extremely significant positive correlation with soil inorganic nitrogen content from flowering stage to mature stage, and soil inorganic nitrogen content was the most correlated with N total accumulation, grain yield and N utilization efficiency from flowering stage to mature stage. Soil residue inorganic nitrogen content in 0-90 cm was significantly increased with N fertilizer application after harvest. N apparent loss content was significantly reduced under the slow/controlled release N fertilizer treatments with the less of 27.4%-42.9% (2014) and 28.4%-45.4% (2015) than that under the CU treatment, and that under the CRF treatment was the lowest. 【Conclusion】Under the same application amount and methods, the slow/controlled release nitrogen fertilizer significantly improved the maize yield, the amount of nitrogen accumulation from filling stage to mature stage, N recovery efficiency, agronomic efficiency, partial factor productivity and improved the content of inorganic nitrogen in 0-30 cm soil layer from flowering stage to mature stage, compared to normal urea. At the same time, the slow/controlled release nitrogen fertilizer significantly reduced the apparent loss of nitrogen in 0-90 cm soil layer in mature stage. The effect of CRF was the best in all treatments, so that CRF was the fertilizer type of high-yield and high efficiency in the middle area of Jilin province.

Key words: slow/controlled release N fertilizer, spring maize, nitrogen utilization efficiency, soil inorganic nitrogen content, nitrogen balance

YunPeng HOU, Qian LI, LiLi KONG, YuBo QIN, Meng WANG, Lei YU, LiChun WANG, CaiXia YIN. Effects of Different Slow/Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizers on Spring Maize Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization, Soil Inorganic Nitrogen and Nitrogen Balance[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(20): 3928-3940.

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References 38

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年份 Year	处理 Treatment	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)	穗粒数 Grains per ear	百粒重 100-grain weight (g)	收获指数 Harvest index (%)
2014	CK	8527d	400.7c	31.9c	45.1c
	CU	9819c	450.6b	34.4b	48.0b
	SCU	11033b	500.9a	36.2a	49.9ab
	CRF	11743a	519.1a	36.8a	51.8a
	SU	11284ab	510.2a	36.3a	50.6ab
	UF	10756b	498.8a	35.9a	49.5ab
2015	CK	8037d	393.6c	31.c	45.3c
	CU	10247c	473.3b	35.0b	48.7b
	SCU	11502ab	515.9a	36.8a	49.9ab
	CRF	12175a	522.3a	37.6a	51.7a
	SU	11847a	519.3a	37.5a	50.3ab
	UF	11308b	510.7a	36.6a	49.6ab
方差分析 ANOVA
年份 Year (Y)		**	*	*	NS
施肥处理 Fertilization (F)		**	**	**	**
年份×施肥处理 Y×F		*	NS	NS	NS

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	氮积累量N accumulations (kg·hm^-2)						氮素当季回收率 NRE (%)	氮素农学利用率 NAE (kg·kg^-1)	氮素偏生产力 NPFP (kg·kg^-1)
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	苗期 Seedling	拔节期 Jointing	大喇叭口期 Belling	开花期 Flowering	灌浆期 Filling	成熟期 Maturing	氮素当季回收率 NRE (%)	氮素农学利用率 NAE (kg·kg^-1)	氮素偏生产力 NPFP (kg·kg^-1)
2014	CK	2.5b	25.9d	63.0d	94.3c	109.7d	124.3d	—	—	—
	CU	3.0a	40.9a	91.8a	118.7a	149.9c	164.5c	20.1c	6.5c	49.1c
	SCU	2.9a	36.0b	88.9ab	115.3a	157.5ab	183.1b	29.4b	12.5b	55.2b
	CRF	2.9a	34.5bc	85.5bc	111.8ab	162.2a	193.7a	34.7a	16.1a	58.7a
	SU	2.9a	34.8bc	82.7c	107.0b	158.8a	187.9ab	31.8ab	13.8ab	56.4ab
	UF	3.0a	33.1c	81.5c	102.1b	153.3bc	182.5b	29.1b	11.1b	53.8b
2015	CK	2.7b	24.1c	59.4d	88.7d	108.9d	116.0d	—	—	—
	CU	3.2a	43.3a	99.2a	126.8a	154.7c	171.4c	27.7c	11.1c	51.2b
	SCU	3.1a	39.1ab	92.5b	120.1ab	160.9bc	189.1b	36.6b	17.3b	57.5a
	CRF	3.0a	35.5b	89.7bc	116.9b	168.9a	197.9a	41.0a	20.7a	60.9a
	SU	3.1a	33.8b	88.2bc	114.8bc	163.2ab	194.6ab	39.3a	19.1ab	59.2a
	UF	3.2a	33.5b	85.3c	109.3c	159.5bc	187.5b	35.8b	16.4b	56.5a
方差分析 ANOVA
年份 Year (Y)		NS	NS	**	**	**	*	**	**	**
施肥处理 Fertilization (F)		**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**
年份×施肥处理 Y×F		NS	NS	NS	*	*	*	NS	NS	NS

年份 Year	项目 Item	土壤无机氮含量 Soil inorganic N content
年份 Year	项目 Item	苗期 Seedling	拔节期 Jointing	大喇叭口期 Belling	开花期 Flowering	灌浆期 Filling	成熟期 Maturing
2014	氮素总积累量Total accumulative N	0.115	0.326	0.610**	0.900**	0.891**	0.870**
	产量 Yield	0.062	0.179	0.476*	0.888**	0.869**	0.823**
	氮素当季回收率NRE	-0.873**	-0.730**	-0.634*	0.766**	0.718**	0.692**
	氮素农学利用率NAE	-0.768**	-0.663**	-0.574*	0.638*	0.591*	0.567*
	氮素偏生产力NPFP	-0.815**	-0.639**	-0.542*	0.672**	0.659**	0.623*
2015	氮素总积累量Total accumulative N	0.174	0.224	0.527*	0.904**	0.824**	0.791**
	产量 Yield	0.082	0.119	0.491*	0.843**	0.803**	0.786**
	氮素当季回收率NRE	-0.834**	-0.806**	-0.596*	0.668**	0.593*	0.585*
	氮素农学利用率NAE	-0.793**	-0.724**	-0.565*	0.695**	0.631*	0.615*
	氮素偏生产力NPFP	-0.815**	-0.770**	-0.552*	0.687**	0.623*	0.531*

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	氮素输入Nitrogen input			氮素输出Nitrogen output
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	施氮量 N fertilizer	起始无机氮 Initial inorganic N	净矿化 mineralization	作物携出 Potato uptake	残留无机氮 Residual inorganic N	氮表观损失 Apparent N loss
2014	CK	0	142.4	55.5	124.3d	73.6c	0
	CU	200	142.4	55.5	164.5c	129.1b	104.3a
	SCU	200	142.4	55.5	183.1b	139.1a	75.7b
	CRF	200	142.4	55.5	193.7a	144.6a	59.6c
	SU	200	142.4	55.5	187.9ab	148.2a	61.8c
	UF	200	142.4	55.5	182.5b	150.2a	65.2c
2015	CK	0	152.5	52.0	116.0d	88.5c	0
	CU	200	152.5	52.0	171.4c	136.4b	96.7a
	SCU	200	152.5	52.0	189.1b	146.2a	69.2b
	CRF	200	152.5	52.0	197.9a	153.8a	52.8c
	SU	200	152.5	52.0	194.6ab	155.7a	54.2c
	UF	200	152.5	52.0	187.5b	158.5a	58.5c
方差分析 ANOVA
年份(Y)		—	—	—	*	**	*
施肥处理(F)		—	—	—	**	**	**
年份×施肥处理(Y×F)		—	—	—	*	NS	NS

Effects of Different Slow/Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizers on Spring Maize Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization, Soil Inorganic Nitrogen and Nitrogen Balance

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