控释肥对小麦/玉米农田土壤硝态氮累积和迁移的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.20.010

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study explored the effects of urea coated by resin on the crop yield, nitrogen (N) recovery efficiency, N apparent loss, nitrate accumulation and migration of winter wheat and summer maize, which could provide theoretical support for further development of one-off fertilization technique. 【Method】 Field experiments in winter wheat-summer maize were set up with four different treatments, described as below : (1) No N fertilizer (CK), (2) Optimal fertilization by split application of urea (OPT, 50% of base fertilizer, 50% of turning green fertilizer of wheat and jointing fertilizer of maize, (3) single basal application of resin coated urea (CRF, 80% N rate of OPT). The OPT and CRF in wheat were fertilized with N 180 kg·hm^-2 and 144 kg·hm^-2, respectively, which in maize were 210 kg·hm^-2 and 168 kg·hm^-2, respectively. All the experimental fields were fertilized with P₂O₅ 90 kg·hm^-2, K₂O 60 kg·hm^-2 in wheat, and P₂O₅ 60 kg·hm^-2, K₂O 60 kg·hm^-2 in maize, which were supplied by calcium superphosphate and potassium chloride. The 0-100 cm soil samples were collected at 20 cm increments during the period of returning green stage, jointing stage, booting stage and after harvest for the winter wheat; and seeding stage, jointing stage, filling stage and harvest stage for the summer maize. Shoot and grain samples of crops were collected at harvest stage to analyze nutrients. 【Result】 Compared with OPT, the yield of CRF reached 7.87 t·hm^-2, the total N absorption of aboveground was 209 kg·hm^-2, and the maize yield and N uptake were 7.57 t·hm^-2 and 142 kg·hm^-2, respectively. It not only ensured the yield and total N uptake in wheat and maize, but also decreased the apparent N loss in soil in the wheat and maize rotation system. The 40-60 cm soil layer was the main location that nitrate accumulation. The application of CRF could effectively reduce the accumulation of nitrate in 0-100 cm soil layer, and slowing down the rate of nitrate migrate to the deep soil. 【Conclusion】 In the winter wheat-summer maize system, CRF with less N input could reduce the nitrate accumulation and migration in the soil without reducing yield and N uptake. Application of CRF could reduce the environmental risk from the apparent N loss in the soil.

Key words: controlled release fertilizer, nitrate-N, accumulation, migration

Ning SHI, Yan LI, YingPeng ZHANG, JiaFa LUO, ZiWen ZHONG, Ming SUN, ZhaoHui LIU, YongPing JING, LuJi BO. Effects of the Controlled Release Fertilizer on Nitrate Accumulation and Migration in the Soil of Wheat-Maize Rotation System[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(20): 3920-3927.

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处理 Treatment	产量Grain yield (t·hm^-2)		总吸氮量Total N uptake (kg·hm^-2 )
处理 Treatment	小麦 Wheat	玉米 Maize	小麦 Wheat	玉米 Maize
CK	4.97±0.14b	5.79±0.20b	113.70±11.54b	89.2±5.95b
CRF	7.58±0.35a	8.31±0.46a	178.75±12.87a	148.79±8.35a
OPT	7.87±0.71a	7.57±0.38a	209.22±19.84a	142.53±6.74a

	处理 Treatment	氮肥表观利用率 REN (%)	0—100 cm氮肥表观损失量 Apparent N loss in 0-100 cm soil (kg·hm^-2)
小麦 Wheat	CRF	45.17±8.93a	46.94±6.62b
小麦 Wheat	OPT	53.07±11.02a	97.66±19.83a
玉米 Maize	CRF	35.47±4.97A	-19.35±22.40A
玉米 Maize	OPT	25.40±3.21A	53.78±13.27B

Effects of the Controlled Release Fertilizer on Nitrate Accumulation and Migration in the Soil of Wheat-Maize Rotation System

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