主要栽培措施对北方春玉米产量贡献的定量评估

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.15.004

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】Quantitative analysis of the contribution of main management factors to grain yield is of great importance for narrowing yield gap of maize (Zea mays L.). 【Method】 To clarify the individual contribution rate of main management factors to maize yield, the present study analyzed data from 114 literatures published after 2000, which focused on crowding tolerance of hybrids, plant density, soil tillage method, nutrient management and leaf disease control in spring maize production of North China. Meanwhile, a 2-year field study with an incomplete factorial design with foregoing 5 factors was conducted in tow fixed locations, to verify the result of literature review and furtherly assess the priority of management optimization for reducing yield gap. 【Result】 The results of literature review was consistent with that of management-factor alternative test in field. The priority of 5 management factors was plant density, nutrient management, crowding tolerance of hybrids, and leaf disease control and soil tillage method, which contributed to yield by 12.6%, 9.2%, 6.7%, 6.3% and 5.5%, respectively. Similarly, the contribution rates to PFP_N of them were 16.7%, 4.1%, 3.4%, 3.8% and 3.3%, respectively. Yield gap induced by each management factor was mainly attributed to mass productivity and sink capacity, which were initially increased along with mean leaf area index (MLAI). When MLAI exceeded optimum value, enhancing radiation efficiency and grain producing efficiency by optimizing assimilative capacity was of great importance for closing yield gap.【Conclusion】Concurrent enhancing yield and resource use efficiency by 15% to 20% could be reached easily through optimizing plant density and nutrient management. However, synchronously enhancing yield and resource use efficiency by more than 30% to 50%, four or all five management factors should be optimized systematically.

Key words: spring maize, management factors, yield gap, priority order

YANG Zhe,YU ShengNan,GAO JuLin,TIAN Tian,SUN JiYing,WEI ShuLi,HU ShuPing,LI RongFa,LI CongFeng,WANG ZhiGang. Quantitative Evaluation of the Contribution of Main Management Factors to Grain Yield of Spring Maize in North China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(15): 3024-3035.

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References 39

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处理 Treatment		栽培措施因子 Cultivation factor
对照模式 CK	增减措施 Supplemented or withheld	品种 Variety	密度 Population	土壤耕作 Tillage	养分管理 Fertilization	喷杀菌剂 Fungicide
农户模式FP	—	常规Conventional	低 Low	浅旋 Shallow rotary	一炮轰施肥 Single basal fertilization	无 None
	+ 品种 Variety	耐密 Crowd tolerance	低 Low	浅旋 Shallow rotary	一炮轰施肥 Single basal fertilization	无 None
	+ 种植密度 Population	常规Conventional	高 High	浅旋 Shallow rotary	一炮轰施肥 Single basal fertilization	无 None
	+ 土壤耕作 Tillage	常规Conventional	低 Low	深耕培肥 Deep ploughing with manure	一炮轰施肥 Single basal fertilization	无 None
	+ 养分管理 Fertilization	常规Conventional	低 Low	浅旋 Shallow rotary	优化施肥 Optimized fertilization	无 None
	+ 防病 Fungicide	常规Conventional	低 Low	浅旋 Shallow rotary	一炮轰施肥 Single basal fertilization	喷施With
综合高产HT	—	耐密 Crowd tolerance	高 High	深耕培肥 Deep ploughing with manure	优化施肥 Optimized fertilization	喷施With
	- 品种 Variety	常规Conventional	高 High	深耕培肥 Deep ploughing with manure	优化施肥 Optimized fertilization	喷施With
	- 种植密度 Population	耐密 Crowd tolerance	低 Low	深耕培肥 Deep ploughing with manure	优化施肥 Optimized fertilization	喷施With
	- 土壤耕作 Tillage	耐密 Crowd tolerance	高 High	浅旋 Shallow rotary	优化施肥 Optimized fertilization	喷施With
	- 养分管理Fertilization	耐密 Crowd tolerance	高 High	深耕培肥 Deep ploughing with manure	一炮轰施肥 Single basal fertilization	喷施With
	- 防病 Fungicide	耐密 Crowd tolerance	高 High	深耕培肥 Deep ploughing with manure	优化施肥 Optimized fertilization	无 None

对照模式 Control	增减措施因子 Supplemented or withheld	包头 Baotou		赤峰 Chifeng		平均值 Average
对照模式 Control	增减措施因子 Supplemented or withheld	产量差 Yield gap (t·hm^-2)	贡献率 Contribution rate (%)	产量差 Yield gap (t·hm^-2)	贡献率 Contribution rate (%)	产量差 Yield gap (t·hm^-2)	贡献率 Contribution rate (%)
农户模式FP	较FP增减 Compared with FP
	+ 土壤耕作Tillage	0.6	4.6	0.3	3.5	0.4	4.0
	+ 养分管理Fertilization	1.4*	10.7*	0.8	7.8	1.1	9.2
	+ 品种Variety	0.7	5.1	0.5	5.1	0.6	5.1
	+ 种植密度Population	2.1*	16.2*	1.5*	15.3*	1.8*	15.7*
	+ 防病Fungicide	0.6	5.0	0.4	3.6	0.5	4.3
综合高产HT	较HT增减 Compared with HT
	- 土壤耕作Tillage	-0.5	-3.0	-0.3	-2.1	-0.4	-2.6
	- 养分管理Fertilization	-1.1*	-7.6*	-0.9	-7.1	-1.0	-7.4
	- 品种Variety	-0.5	-3.0	-0.4	-3.7	-0.5	-3.3
	- 种植密度Population	-2.0*	-13.4*	-1.7*	-13.8*	-1.9*	-13.6*
	- 防病Fungicide	-0.6	-3.6	-0.4	-3.1	-0.5	-3.3
FP vs HT		2.3*	15.7*	2.2*	19.8*	2.3*	17.8*

优先序 Priority	因素 Factor	产量差 Yield gap (t·hm^-2)			对产量贡献率 Contribution rate to yield (%)			对PFP_N贡献率 Contribution rate to PFPN (%)
优先序 Priority	因素 Factor	文献综述 References	田间试验 Field test	平均值 Average	文献综述 Reference	田间试验 Field test	平均值 Average	田间试验 Field test
1	种植密度 Population	1.4	1.9	1.7	10.6	14.7	12.6	16.7
2	养分管理 Fertilization	1.0	1.0	1.0	10.1	8.3	9.2	4.1
3	品种 Variety	1.1	0.5	0.8	9.3	4.2	6.7	3.4
4	防病 Fungicide	1.0	0.5	0.7	8.9	3.8	6.3	3.8
5	土壤耕作 Tillage	0.8	0.4	0.6	7.7	3.3	5.5	3.3

Quantitative Evaluation of the Contribution of Main Management Factors to Grain Yield of Spring Maize in North China

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