施肥方式对黄土高原旱作春玉米农田土壤氨挥发的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.12.008

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 A two-year on-farm experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different fertilization application methods and nitrogen application rates on soil ammonia volatilization of spring maize in dry farming on the Loess Plateau. 【Method】The split zone test design was adopted in the experiment, the main factor included three nitrogen application rates of 0, 180 and 300 kg·hm^-2 (namely N0, N180 and N300, respectively), and the sub-factors included three fertilization methods of solid granular urea one-time basal fertilization (UR), solid granular urea basal and top-dress fertilization (URT, 40% as basal fertilizer and 60% as top-dressing at 10 leaf stage), and common urea and controlled-release urea mixed in one-time basal application (CRU). Sponge absorption ventilation method was used for in-situ determination. 【Result】 (1) As for the ammonia volatilization after basal fertilizer, the three fertilization methods all showed the peak value of ammonia volatilization, and the peak value of ammonia volatilization under UR treatment was higher than that of the other two fertilization methods, especially under the condition of high nitrogen application rate. For the ammonia volatilization after topdressing, only the URT treatment showed the peak value, which was higher than that after basal fertilizer. (2) The accumulation of ammonia volatilization increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. Under the same nitrogen application rate, the accumulation of ammonia volatilization under URT treatment was the highest (2.88-36.84 kg·hm^-2), which was mainly concentrated in the top dressing period (72.24%-90.4% of the whole growth period). The second was UR treatment (1.08-10.07 kg·hm^-2), while the cumulative ammonia volatilization under CRU treatment was the lowest (0.96-5.69 kg·hm^-2). 3. The interaction between nitrogen application rate and fertilization method on ammonia volatilization was very significant. The annual difference of ammonia volatilization emission was mainly influenced by rainfall after fertilization. 【Conclusion】For spring maize covered with film in dry farming in northwest China, CRU could reduce both the artificial input of topdressing and the loss of ammonia volatilization, which could be used as a green fertilization method worthy of promotion in this area.

Key words: spring maize, ammonia volatilization, mixture of controlled-release urea, fertilization method, N rate, Loess Plateau

XU FangLei,ZHANG Jie,LI Yang,ZHANG WeiWei,BO QiFei,LI ShiQing,YUE ShanChao. Effects of Fertilization Methods on Ammonia Volatilization of Spring Maize in Dry Farming on the Loess Plateau[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(12): 2360-2371.

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References 37

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氮肥用量 N rate (kg N·hm^-2)	施肥方式 Fertilization method	播种期基肥后氨挥发量 Ammonia volatilization after basal fertilizer (kg·hm^-2)		十叶期追肥后氨挥发量 Ammonia volatilization after topdressing at the ten-leaf stage (kg·hm^-2)		累积氨挥发量 Accumulative NH₃ volatilization (kg·hm^-2)		氮肥相对损失率 Ratio of NH₃ loss to applied N (%)		氮肥对氮挥发的贡献率 Loss from fertilizer (%)
氮肥用量 N rate (kg N·hm^-2)	施肥方式 Fertilization method	2019	2020	2019	2020	2019	2020	2019	2020	2019	2020
N0	UR	0.53±0.04ab	1.91±0.29a	0.33±0.02a	0.46±0.07a	0.86±0.02b	2.37±0.15a	-	-	-	-
	CRU	0.54±0.05a	1.67±0.30a	0.32±0.03a	0.48±0.13a	0.86±0.04b	2.15±0.20ab	-	-	-	-
	URT	0.55±0.07a	1.47±0.10ab	0.51±0.09a	1.15±0.17a	1.06±0.06a	2.62±0.07a	-	-	-	-
N180	UR	0.75±0.11a	3.16±0.58a	0.33±0.04b	0.51±0.12b	1.08±0.05b	3.67±0.30bc	0.12	0.72	20.37	35.42
	CRU	0.65±0.06a	2.73±0.25a	0.32±0.01b	0.46±0.28b	0.96±0.03bc	3.19±0.08b	0.06	0.58	10.42	32.60
	URT	0.67±0.05a	2.62±0.31a	2.21±0.17a	24.72±2.60a	2.88±0.10a	27.34±1.29a	1.01	13.73	63.19	90.42
N300	UR	0.94±0.11a	9.28±1.76a	0.33±0.01b	0.89±0.23b	1.27±0.05b	10.17±0.89b	0.14	2.6	32.28	76.70
	CRU	0.77±0.07abc	5.06±1.12b	0.31±0.02b	0.63±0.43b	1.08±0.04c	5.69±0.66c	0.07	1.18	20.37	62.21
	URT	0.88±0.07ab	4.37±0.49bc	2.29±0.10a	32.47±0.43a	3.17±0.06a	36.84±0.41a	0.70	11.41	66.56	92.89
变异来源Source of variation
氮肥用量N rate		**	**	**	**	**	**
施肥方式 Fertilization method		ns	*	**	**	**	**
氮肥用量×施肥方式 N rate×Fertilization method		ns	ns	**	**	**	**

Effects of Fertilization Methods on Ammonia Volatilization of Spring Maize in Dry Farming on the Loess Plateau

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处理 Treatment	施氮量 N rate ( kg N·hm^-2)	施肥方式 Fertilization method	磷肥用量（基施） P rate (kg P·hm^-2)	钾肥用量（基施） K rate (kg K·hm^-2)
UR N0	0	尿素一次性基施 UR	40	80
CRU N0	0	尿素与控释肥掺混一次性基施 CRU	40	80
URT N0	0	尿素分次施用（基肥40%,V10期追肥60%） URT	40	80
UR N180	180	尿素一次性基施 UR	40	80
CRU N180	180	尿素与控释肥掺混一次性基施 CRU	40	80
URT N180	180	尿素分次施用（基肥40%,V10期追肥60%） URT	40	80
UR N300	300	尿素一次性基施 UR	40	80
CRU N300	300	尿素与控释肥掺混一次性基施 CRU	40	80
URT N300	300	尿素分次施用（基肥40%,V10期追肥60%） URT	40	80

[1]	ZHAO ZhengXin,WANG XiaoYun,TIAN YaJie,WANG Rui,PENG Qing,CAI HuanJie. Effects of Straw Returning and Nitrogen Fertilizer Types on Summer Maize Yield and Soil Ammonia Volatilization Under Future Climate Change [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(1): 104-117.
[2]	LOU YiBao,KANG HongLiang,WANG WenLong,SHA XiaoYan,FENG LanQian,NIE HuiYing,SHI QianHua. Vertical Distribution of Vegetation Roots and Its Influence on Soil Erosion Resistance of Gully Heads on the Gullied Loess Plateau [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(1): 90-103.
[3]	XIONG WeiYi,XU KaiWei,LIU MingPeng,XIAO Hua,PEI LiZhen,PENG DanDan,CHEN YuanXue. Effects of Different Nitrogen Application Levels on Photosynthetic Characteristics, Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Yield of Spring Maize in Sichuan Province [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(9): 1735-1748.
[4]	ZHANG JiaHua,YANG HengShan,ZHANG YuQin,LI CongFeng,ZHANG RuiFu,TAI JiCheng,ZHOU YangChen. Effects of Different Drip Irrigation Modes on Starch Accumulation and Activities of Starch Synthesis-Related Enzyme of Spring Maize Grain in Northeast China [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(7): 1332-1345.
[5]	WANG ShuHui,TAO Wen,LIANG Shuo,ZHANG XuBo,SUN Nan,XU MingGang. The Spatial Characteristics of Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration and N₂O Emission with Long-Term Manure Fertilization Scenarios from Dry Land in North China Plain [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(6): 1159-1171.
[6]	LIU Miao,LIU PengZhao,SHI ZuJiao,WANG XiaoLi,WANG Rui,LI Jun. Critical Nitrogen Dilution Curve and Nitrogen Nutrition Diagnosis of Summer Maize Under Different Nitrogen and Phosphorus Application Rates [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(5): 932-947.
[7]	ZOU WenXin, SU WeiHua, CHEN YuanXue, CHEN XinPing, LANG Ming. Effects of Long-Term Nitrogen Application on Ammonia Oxidizer Communities for Nitrification in Acid Purple Soil [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(3): 529-542.
[8]	DU WenTing,LEI XiaoXiao,LU HuiYu,WANG YunFeng,XU JiaXing,LUO CaiXia,ZHANG ShuLan. Effects of Reducing Nitrogen Application Rate on the Yields of Three Major Cereals in China [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(24): 4863-4878.
[9]	YI YingJie,HAN Kun,ZHAO Bin,LIU GuoLi,LIN DianXu,CHEN GuoQiang,REN Hao,ZHANG JiWang,REN BaiZhao,LIU Peng. The Comparison of Ammonia Volatilization Loss in Winter Wheat- Summer Maize Rotation System with Long-Term Different Fertilization Measures [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(23): 4600-4613.
[10]	PANG HongBo, CHENG Lu, YU MingLan, CHEN Qiang, LI YueYing, WU LongKun, WANG Ze, PAN XiaoWu, ZHENG XiaoMing. Genome-Wide Association Study of Cold Tolerance at the Germination Stage of Rice [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(21): 4091-4103.
[11]	JING JianYuan,YUAN Liang,ZHANG ShuiQin,LI YanTing,ZHAO BingQiang. The Characteristics of Ammonia Volatilization of Humic Acid-Urea Complex Combined with Urea from Different Fertilized Soils [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(14): 2786-2796.
[12]	LU BingLin,CHE ZongXian,ZHANG JiuDong,BAO XingGuo,WU KeSheng,YANG RuiJu. Effects of Long-Term Intercropping of Maize with Hairy Vetch Root Returning to Field on Crop Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency Under Nitrogen Fertilizer Reduction [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(12): 2384-2397.
[13]	REN JunBo,YANG XueLi,CHEN Ping,DU Qing,PENG XiHong,ZHENG BenChuan,YONG TaiWen,YANG WenYu. Effects of Interspecific Distances on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Root Spatial Distribution of Maize-Soybean Relay Strip Intercropping System [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(10): 1903-1916.
[14]	LIU XiaXia,LI Yang,WANG Jing,HUANG MingXia,BAI Rui,SONG Yang,HU Qi,ZHANG JiaYing,CHEN RenWei. Adaptability Evaluation of Staple Crops Under Different Precipitation Year Types in Four Ecological Regions of Inner Mongolia Based on APSIM [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(10): 1917-1937.
[15]	WANG Cong,SUN HuiFeng,XU ChunHua,WANG ZhanFu,ZHANG JiNing,ZHANG XianXian,CHEN ChunHong,ZHOU Sheng. Effects of Fertilization Methods on Ammonia Volatilization from Vegetable Field Under Greenhouse Cultivation [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(1): 123-133.