Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (17): 3680-3690.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.17.010

• CLIMATE CHANGE AND MAIZE PRODUCTION IN CHINA • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Diurnal Variation of N2O and CO2 Emissions in Spring Maize Fields in Northeast China Under Different Nitrogen Fertilizers

YAO FanYun1(),LIU ZhiMing1,CAO YuJun1,LÜ YanJie1,WEI WenWen1,WU XingHong1,WANG YongJun1,2(),XIE RuiZhi3()   

  1. 1Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Engineering Laboratory of Maize, Changchun 130033
    2College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118
    3Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
  • Received:2020-09-03 Accepted:2020-10-30 Online:2021-09-01 Published:2021-09-09
  • Contact: YongJun WANG,RuiZhi XIE E-mail:yaofanyun@163.com;yjwang2004@126.com;xieruizhi@caas.cn

RichHTML

34

PDF

246

Abstract:

【Objective】 The effects of different types of nitrogen fertilizers on the diurnal variation of N2O and CO2 fluxes from spring maize soil at high latitude were explored, in order to provide a reference for nitrogen fertilizer efficient utilization management and greenhouse gas emission reduction in farmland at high latitude. 【Method】 Field micro-plot trials and the static chamber-gas chromatography method were used to investigate the effects of slow release fertilizer (SLN), urea plus nitrification inhibitor and urease inhibitor (NIUI) and ordinary urea application (OU) on the diurnal variation of N2O and CO2 emissions from spring maize fields at high latitudes. The day-night emission characteristics of soil N2O and CO2 were compared and analyzed in 6 periods, including pre-emergence stage (S1), seedling stage (S2), jointing stage (S3), filling stage (S4), dough stage (S5), and fallow period (S6). 【Result】 The diurnal variation of N2O and CO2 emissions under different nitrogen fertilizers showed a single peak trend. From stage S1 to S6, the peak of N2O emissions appeared in 13:00-19:00, and the peak valley occurred after midnight (0:00-6:00). However, there was no significant difference in CO2 fluxes between observation periods during day or night at the same stage from S2 to S5. In stage S1 and S2, the daytime emissions of N2O and CO2 accounted for 56.2%-82.3% and 53.6%-66.5% of the total emissions of the whole day, respectively. From stage S3 to S5, the ratio of N2O and CO2 emission in the daytime was 40.6%-59.6% and 43.7%-55.4%, respectively. SLN treatment reduced the soil N2O cumulative emission in stage S1, while NIUI treatment reduced the soil N2O cumulative emission at stages S1, S2 and S5, and the emission reduction period was mainly from 4:00-16:00 in the daytime of stage S1 and 12:00 to 22:00 of stage S2, among which the emission reduction from 18:00-19:00 during stage S2 accounts for 57.3% of the total emission reduction period. All time periods of day and night showed the effect of emission reduction in stage S5, and the ratio of emission reduction during day and night was almost the same. The main emission reduction periods of SLN for soil CO2 were the whole day in S1 stage and 15:00-4:00 in S3 stage, among which the emission reduction ratio of 12:00-23:00 during the S1 stage was as high as 76.8%, and the reduction ratio at night during S3 accounted for 68.1% of all emission reduction periods. NIUI treatment showed a reduction effect on CO2 emission in five monitoring days of growing season of maize, but the ratio of day-night emission reduction was different, with an average reduction of 46.9% during the day and a maximum reduction of 73.2%. It was also found that there was an extremely significant positive correlation between the daily mean of N2O and CO2 fluxes, and the observed values of 9:00-10:00 (rN2O=0.938**, rCO2=0.977**). Therefore, 9:00-10:00 could be used as the representative sampling period when conducting long-term greenhouse gas emission research in spring maize fields in Northeast China. 【Conclusion】 The diurnal emission fluxes of soil N2O and CO2 responded differently to various nitrogen fertilizations at different maize growing stages. Compared with conventional nitrogen application, SLN inhibited the soil N2O emission before maize seedling in day and night, and the emission reduction period was mainly between 9:00-22:00. SLN promoted the emission of N2O in day and night in other monitoring days. NIUI inhibited the soil N2O emission during the daytime before maize seedling, the night at the seedling stage, and the harvest stage day and night, while NIUI promoted the soil N2O emission from jointing stage to filling stage. In the whole monitoring day before seedling and the night of the monitoring day at jointing stage, SLN had a reduction effect on soil CO2. NIUI reduced soil CO2 emissions in six monitoring days.

Key words: different nitrogen fertilizers, spring maize field, N2O and CO2 fluxes, day and night emission dynamics

Fig. 1

Diurnal variation of air temperature, soil temperature and soil water content in different periods S1 to S6 in the figure represent pre-emergence stage, seedling stage, jointing stage, filling stage, dough stage and fallow period, respectively. The same as below"

Fig. 2

Diurnal variation of N2O flux in different stages"

Fig. 3

Diurnal variation of CO2 flux in different stages"

Fig. 4

Daily variation of N2O flux difference between SLN and OU (a), or NIUI and OU (b) treatments in different periods (S1 to S6) The eight bars from left to right in each period represent the eight sampling times from 6:00 am to 3:00 am the next day. The same as below"

Fig. 5

Daily variation of CO2 flux difference between SLN and OU (a); or NIUI and OU (b) treatments in different periods"

Fig. 6

Correlation analysis between daily mean N2O flux and N2O flux in different sampling periods **means P<0.01. The same as below"

Fig. 7

Correlation analysis between daily mean CO2 and CO2 fluxes in different sampling periods"

[1] WHITE D. Expert Review of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2019 Special Report Global Warming of 1.5°C, 2019.
[2] LI L, XU J H, HU J X, HAN J R. Reducing nitrous oxide emissions to mitigate climate change and protect the ozone layer. Environmental Science and Technology, 2014, 48(9): 5290-5297.
doi: 10.1021/es404728s
[3] THOMPSON R L, LASSALETTA L, PATRA P K, WILSON C, WELLS K C, GRESSENT A, KOFFI E N, CHIPPERDIELD M, WINIWARTER W, DAVIDSON E A, TIAN H, CANADELL J G. Acceleration of global N2O emissions seen from two decades of atmospheric inversion. Nature Climate Change, 2019, 9(2): 1-6.
doi: 10.1038/s41558-018-0385-5
[4] GUDAPATY P, SRINIVAS I, RAO K V, SHANKER A K, RAJU B M K, CHOUDHARY D, RAO K S, SRINIVASRAO C, MANDAPAKA M. Net global warming potential and greenhouse gas intensity of conventional and conservation agriculture system in rainfed semi arid tropics of India. Atmospheric Environment, 2016, 145: 239-250.
doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.09.039
[5] ZHANG J T, TIAN H Q, SHI H, ZHANG J F, WANG X K, PAN S F, YANG J. Increased greenhouse gas emission intensity of major croplands in China: Implications for food security and climate change mitigation. Global Change Biology, 2020, 26(11): 6116-6133.
doi: 10.1111/gcb.v26.11
[6] KANTER D R, SEARCHINGER T D. A technology-forcing approach to reduce nitrogen pollution. Nature Sustainability, 2018, 1(10): 544-552.
doi: 10.1038/s41893-018-0143-8
[7] MCGEOUGH K L, WATSON C J, MŰLLER C, LAUGHLIN R. Evidence that the efficacy of the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD) is affected by soil properties in UK soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2016, 94: 222-232.
doi: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.11.017
[8] 赵迅, 郭李萍, 谢立勇, 孙雪, 赵洪亮, 许婧. 不同农作措施对棕壤玉米田N2O排放及碳足迹的影响. 中国农业气象, 2016, 37(3): 270-280.
ZHAO X, GUO L P, XIE L Y, SUN X, ZHAO H L, XU J. Impacts of different farming managements on N2O emission and carbon footprint for maize from brown soil. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2016, 37(3): 270-280. (in Chinese)
[9] 李梓铭, 杜睿, 王亚玲, 梁宗敏, 钟磊, 吴红军. 中国草地N2O通量日变化观测对比研究. 中国环境科学, 2012, 32(12): 2128-2133.
LI Z M, DU R, WANG Y L, LIANG Z M, ZHONG L, WU H J. Comparison of diurnal variation of nitrous oxide fluxes from grassland of China. China Environmental Science, 2012, 32(12): 2128-2133. (in Chinese)
[10] ALVES B J R, SMITH K A, FLORES R A, CARDOSO A S, OLIVEIRA W R D, JANTALIA C P, URQUIAGA S, BODDEY R. Selection of the most suitable sampling time for static chambers for the estimation of daily mean N2O flux from soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2012, 46(46): 129-135.
doi: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.11.022
[11] 李发东, 杜锟, 张秋英, 古丛珂, 冷佩芳, 乔云峰, 朱农, 郝帅, 黄勇彬, 施生锦. 华北平原农田N2O排放通量的高频动态观测. 中国生态农业学报, 2018, 26(2): 195-202.
LI F D, DU K, ZHANG Q Y, GU C K, LENG P F, QIAO Y F, ZHU N, HAO S, HUANG Y B, SHI S J. High-frequency dynamic observation of N2O emission flux from cropland in the North China Plain. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2018, 26(2): 195-202. (in Chinese)
[12] 刘羽, 周婧, 李珂萍, 李欣瑜, 王朝元, 施正香, 李保明. 影响静态箱检测开放式气体排放源N2O排放通量的关键因子. 农业工程学报, 2020, 36(8): 182-187.
LIU Y, ZHOU J, LI K P, LI X Y, WANG C Y, SHI Z X, LI B M. Key factors affecting the measurement of N2O emission from dairy farm using static-chamber method. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2020, 36(8): 182-187. (in Chinese)
[13] HILLEL D. Environmental Soil Physics. San Diego: Academic Press, 1998: 291-293.
[14] 秦小光, 蔡炳贵, 吴金水, 王国安, 刘东生. 土壤温室气体昼夜变化及其环境影响因素研究. 第四纪研究, 2005, 25(3): 376-388.
QIN X G, CAI B G, WU J S, WANG G A, LIU D S. Diurnal variations of soil trace gases and related impacting factors. Quaternary Sciences, 2005, 25(3): 376-388. (in Chinese)
[15] YANG H, LIU S R, LI Y D, XU H. Diurnal variations and gap effects of soil CO2, N2O and CH4 fluxes in a typical tropical montane rainforest in Hainan Island, China. Ecological Research, 2018, 33(2): 379-392.
doi: 10.1007/s11284-017-1550-4
[16] 田慎重, 宁堂原, 迟淑筠, 王瑜, 王丙文, 韩惠芳. 不同耕作措施的温室气体排放日变化及最佳观测时间. 生态学报, 2012, 32(3): 879-888.
doi: 10.5846/stxb
TIAN S Z, NING T Y, CHI S Y, WANG Y, WANG B W, HAN H F. Diurnal variations of the greenhouse gases emission and their optimal observation duration under different tillage systems. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2012, 32(3): 879-888. (in Chinese)
doi: 10.5846/stxb
[17] LIVESLEY S J, KIESE R, GRAHAM J, WESTON C J, BUTTERBACH- BAHL K, ARNDT S K. Trace gas flux and the influence of short-term soil water and temperature dynamics in Australian sheep grazed pastures of differing productivity. Plant and Soil, 2008, 309(1/2): 89-103.
doi: 10.1007/s11104-008-9647-8
[18] AKIYAMA H, TSURUTA H, WATANABE T. N2O and NO emissions from soils after the application of different chemical fertilizers. Chemosphere - Global Change Science, 2000, 2(3/4): 313-320.
doi: 10.1016/S1465-9972(00)00010-6
[19] 周存宇, 张德强, 王跃思, 周国逸, 刘世忠, 唐旭利. 鼎湖山针阔叶混交林地表温室气体排放的日变化. 生态学报, 2004, 24(8): 1738-1741.
ZHOU C Y, ZHANG D Q, WANG Y S, ZHOU G Y, LIU S Z, TANG X L. Diurnal variations of fluxes of the greenhouse gases from a coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests oil in Dinghushan. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2004, 24(8): 1738-1741. (in Chinese)
[20] THOMSON P E, PARKER J P, ARAH J R M, CLAYTON H, SMITH K A. Automated soil monolith-flux chamber system for the study of trace gas fluxes. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1997, 61(5): 1323-1330.
doi: 10.2136/sssaj1997.03615995006100050006x
[21] 姚凡云, 王立春, 多馨曲, 刘志铭, 吕艳杰, 曹玉军, 魏雯雯, 王永军. 不同氮肥对东北春玉米农田温室气体周年排放的影响. 应用生态学报, 2019, 30(4): 1303-1311.
YAO F Y, WANG L C, DUO X Q, LIU Z M, LÜ Y J, CAO Y J, WEI W W, WANG Y J. Effects of different nitrogen fertilizers on annual emissions of greenhouse gas from maize field in Northeast China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2019, 30(4): 1303-1311. (in Chinese)
[22] LIU Y N, LI Y C, PENG Z P, WANG Y Q, MA S Y, GUO L P, LIN E D, HAN X. Effects of different nitrogen fertilizer management practices on wheat yields and N2O emissions from wheat fields in North China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2015, 14(6): 1184-1191.
doi: 10.1016/S2095-3119(14)60867-4
[23] 孙磊, 王丽华, 高中超, 佟玉欣, 张磊, 常本超, 王爽, 郝小雨. 减氮配合增效剂和缓释肥对玉米田土壤温室气体排放和产量的影响. 土壤通报, 2020, 51(1): 185-194.
doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2389.2000.00297.x
SUN L, WANG L H, GAO Z C, TONG Y X, ZHANG L, CHANG B C, WANG S, HAO X Y. Effects of reduction of nitrogen fertilizer combined with synergist and slow release fertilizer on greenhouse gas emissions and yield in corn field. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2020, 51(1): 185-194. (in Chinese)
doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2389.2000.00297.x
[24] 马芬, 杨荣全, 郭李萍. 控制氮肥施用引起的活性氮气体排放: 脲酶/硝化抑制剂研究进展与展望. 农业环境科学学报, 2020, 39(4): 908-922.
MA F, YANG R Q, GUO L P. Decrease the emission of active nitrogen gases in nitrogen fertilizer application: Research progresses and perspectives of urease/nitrification inhibitors. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2020, 39(4): 908-922. (in Chinese)
[25] LI J, WANG M X, WANG Y S, HUANG Y, ZHENG X H, XU X. Advance of researches on greenhouse gases emission from Chinese agricultural ecosystem. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 2003, 27(4): 740-749.
[26] BREMNER J M, ROBBINS S G, BLACKMER A M. Seasonal variability in emission of nitrous oxide from soil. Geophysical Research Letters, 2013, 7(9): 641-644.
doi: 10.1029/GL007i009p00641
[27] 宋敏, 齐鹏, 蔡立群, STEPHEN Y, 张军, 张仁陟, 武均, 谢军红. 不同生物质炭输入水平下旱作农田温室气体排放研究. 2016, 24(10): 1185-1195.
SONG M, QI P, CAI L Q, STEPHEN Y, ZHANG J, ZHANG R Z, WU J, XIE J H. Diurnal variations of greenhouse gases emissions under different biochar applications. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2016, 24(10): 1185-1195. (in Chinese)
[28] 张仲新, 李玉娥, 华珞, 万运帆, 姜宁宁. 不同施肥量对设施菜地N2O排放通量的影响. 农业工程学报, 2010, 26(5): 269-275.
ZHANG Z X, LI Y E, HUA L, WAN Y F, JIANG N N. Effects of different fertilizer levels on N2O flux from protected vegetable land. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2010, 26(5): 269-275. (in Chinese)
[29] 朱龙飞, 徐越, 张志勇, 于旭昊, 马新明, 闫广轩, 孔玉华. 不同施氮措施对冬小麦农田土壤温室气体通量的影响. 生态环境学报, 2019, 28(1): 143-151.
ZHU L F, XU Y, ZHANG Z Y, YU X H, MA X M, YAN G X, KONG Y H. Effect of different nitrogen application measures on soil greenhouse gases fluxes in winter wheat cropland. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2019, 28(1): 143-151. (in Chinese)
[30] 李燕青, 唐继伟, 车升国, 温延臣, 孙文彦, 赵秉强. 长期施用有机肥与化肥氮对华北夏玉米N2O和CO2排放的影响. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(21): 4381-4389.
LI Y Q, TANG J W, CHE S G, WEN Y C, SUN W Y, ZHAO B Q. Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizer on the emission of CO2 and N2O from the summer maize field in the North China Plain. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(21): 4381-4389. (in Chinese)
[31] WANG C, LIU J Y, SHEN J L, CHEN D, LI Y, JIANG B S, WU J S. Effects of biochar amendment on net greenhouse gas emissions and soil fertility in a double rice cropping system: A 4-year field experiment. Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment, 2018, 262: 83-96.
doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2018.04.017
[32] REEVES S, WANG W J. Optimum sampling time and frequency for measuring N2O emissions from a rain-fed cereal cropping system. Science of the Total Environment, 2015, 530/531: 219-226.
doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.05.117
[33] 徐钰, 刘兆辉, 石璟, 魏建林, 李国生, 王梅, 江丽华. 北方设施菜地土壤N2O排放通量日变化及最佳观测时间确定. 中国农业气象, 2016, 37(5): 505-512.
XU Y, LIU Z H, SHI J, WEI J L, LI G S, WANG M, JIANG L H. Diurnal variation characteristic of nitrous oxide from greenhouse vegetable soil during emission peak and its optimal observation duration. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2016, 37(5): 505-512. (in Chinese)
No related articles found!
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!
京ICP备09089781号-30
Copyright 2018 © Editorial office of Scientia Agricultura Sinica
Tel: 86-010-82106279    E-mail: zgnykx@mail.caas.net.cn
Supported by Beijing Magtech Co.Ltd