Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (17): 3680-3690.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.17.010

• CLIMATE CHANGE AND MAIZE PRODUCTION IN CHINA • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Diurnal Variation of N2O and CO2 Emissions in Spring Maize Fields in Northeast China Under Different Nitrogen Fertilizers

YAO FanYun1(),LIU ZhiMing1,CAO YuJun1,LÜ YanJie1,WEI WenWen1,WU XingHong1,WANG YongJun1,2(),XIE RuiZhi3()   

  1. 1Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Engineering Laboratory of Maize, Changchun 130033
    2College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118
    3Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
  • Received:2020-09-03 Accepted:2020-10-30 Online:2021-09-01 Published:2021-09-09
  • Contact: YongJun WANG,RuiZhi XIE E-mail:yaofanyun@163.com;yjwang2004@126.com;xieruizhi@caas.cn

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Abstract:

【Objective】 The effects of different types of nitrogen fertilizers on the diurnal variation of N2O and CO2 fluxes from spring maize soil at high latitude were explored, in order to provide a reference for nitrogen fertilizer efficient utilization management and greenhouse gas emission reduction in farmland at high latitude. 【Method】 Field micro-plot trials and the static chamber-gas chromatography method were used to investigate the effects of slow release fertilizer (SLN), urea plus nitrification inhibitor and urease inhibitor (NIUI) and ordinary urea application (OU) on the diurnal variation of N2O and CO2 emissions from spring maize fields at high latitudes. The day-night emission characteristics of soil N2O and CO2 were compared and analyzed in 6 periods, including pre-emergence stage (S1), seedling stage (S2), jointing stage (S3), filling stage (S4), dough stage (S5), and fallow period (S6). 【Result】 The diurnal variation of N2O and CO2 emissions under different nitrogen fertilizers showed a single peak trend. From stage S1 to S6, the peak of N2O emissions appeared in 13:00-19:00, and the peak valley occurred after midnight (0:00-6:00). However, there was no significant difference in CO2 fluxes between observation periods during day or night at the same stage from S2 to S5. In stage S1 and S2, the daytime emissions of N2O and CO2 accounted for 56.2%-82.3% and 53.6%-66.5% of the total emissions of the whole day, respectively. From stage S3 to S5, the ratio of N2O and CO2 emission in the daytime was 40.6%-59.6% and 43.7%-55.4%, respectively. SLN treatment reduced the soil N2O cumulative emission in stage S1, while NIUI treatment reduced the soil N2O cumulative emission at stages S1, S2 and S5, and the emission reduction period was mainly from 4:00-16:00 in the daytime of stage S1 and 12:00 to 22:00 of stage S2, among which the emission reduction from 18:00-19:00 during stage S2 accounts for 57.3% of the total emission reduction period. All time periods of day and night showed the effect of emission reduction in stage S5, and the ratio of emission reduction during day and night was almost the same. The main emission reduction periods of SLN for soil CO2 were the whole day in S1 stage and 15:00-4:00 in S3 stage, among which the emission reduction ratio of 12:00-23:00 during the S1 stage was as high as 76.8%, and the reduction ratio at night during S3 accounted for 68.1% of all emission reduction periods. NIUI treatment showed a reduction effect on CO2 emission in five monitoring days of growing season of maize, but the ratio of day-night emission reduction was different, with an average reduction of 46.9% during the day and a maximum reduction of 73.2%. It was also found that there was an extremely significant positive correlation between the daily mean of N2O and CO2 fluxes, and the observed values of 9:00-10:00 (rN2O=0.938**, rCO2=0.977**). Therefore, 9:00-10:00 could be used as the representative sampling period when conducting long-term greenhouse gas emission research in spring maize fields in Northeast China. 【Conclusion】 The diurnal emission fluxes of soil N2O and CO2 responded differently to various nitrogen fertilizations at different maize growing stages. Compared with conventional nitrogen application, SLN inhibited the soil N2O emission before maize seedling in day and night, and the emission reduction period was mainly between 9:00-22:00. SLN promoted the emission of N2O in day and night in other monitoring days. NIUI inhibited the soil N2O emission during the daytime before maize seedling, the night at the seedling stage, and the harvest stage day and night, while NIUI promoted the soil N2O emission from jointing stage to filling stage. In the whole monitoring day before seedling and the night of the monitoring day at jointing stage, SLN had a reduction effect on soil CO2. NIUI reduced soil CO2 emissions in six monitoring days.

Key words: different nitrogen fertilizers, spring maize field, N2O and CO2 fluxes, day and night emission dynamics

Fig. 1

Diurnal variation of air temperature, soil temperature and soil water content in different periods S1 to S6 in the figure represent pre-emergence stage, seedling stage, jointing stage, filling stage, dough stage and fallow period, respectively. The same as below"

Fig. 2

Diurnal variation of N2O flux in different stages"

Fig. 3

Diurnal variation of CO2 flux in different stages"

Fig. 4

Daily variation of N2O flux difference between SLN and OU (a), or NIUI and OU (b) treatments in different periods (S1 to S6) The eight bars from left to right in each period represent the eight sampling times from 6:00 am to 3:00 am the next day. The same as below"

Fig. 5

Daily variation of CO2 flux difference between SLN and OU (a); or NIUI and OU (b) treatments in different periods"

Fig. 6

Correlation analysis between daily mean N2O flux and N2O flux in different sampling periods **means P<0.01. The same as below"

Fig. 7

Correlation analysis between daily mean CO2 and CO2 fluxes in different sampling periods"

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