黄土高原旱地夏季休闲期土壤硝态氮淋溶与降水年型间的关系

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.08.011

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】 Summer fallow after harvesting winter wheat is very common in dryland of the Loess Plateau. The residual nitrate in soil profile after wheat harvest was increased with the application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer. Whether the intensive high rainfall during summer fallow will increase NO₃^--N leaching loss is an important issue deserving study.【Method】Soil profile samples (0-200 cm) were taken before and after summer fallow in three consecutive years (2013 to 2015) in Changwu and Yangling; NO₃^--N content in soil was analyzed to evaluate the impact of different precipitations and N application rates on NO₃^--N leaching during summer fallow. 【Result】The NO₃^--N in soil profiles of Changwu was in range of 97 to 328 kg·hm^-2, averaged 193 kg·hm^-2. The average NO₃^--N content in soil profiles of 120 and 240 kg N·hm^-2 treatments in Yangling was 156 and 366 kg·hm^-2, respectively, indicating that NO₃^--N accumulation in soil was increased with N fertilizer rate. There was significant relationship between NO₃^--N leaching and rainfall during summer fallow. When rainfall was high (296 mm, abundant rainfall) in 2013 in Changwu, NO₃^--N accumulation peak leached below 80 cm soil depth from 40-60 cm after summer fallow, indicating strong nitrate leaching. But NO₃^--N peak didn’t change after summer fallow in 2014 due to the low rainfall (157 mm, deficit rainfall). The rainfall was normal in 2015 (200 mm), so slight nitrate leaching occurred in 0-100 cm soil profile after summer fallow. Soil nitrate has already leached to 100-200 cm soil profile after summer fallow in 2013 and the accumulation increment was 2.5 times than 0-100 cm soil profile due to high rainfall; but in 2014 soil nitrate accumulation increment was mainly in 0-100 cm soil profile. When rainfall in 2013 was low (only 220 mm, deficit rainfall) in Yangling, NO₃^--N was found slightly move upward of two N applied treatments. It was deficit rainfall but the rainfall increased to 288 mm in 2015, then nitrate leaching occurred through a 20-40 cm thick soil layer in 0-100 cm soil profile after summer fallow. While rainfall was 346 mm (normal rainfall) in 2014, nitrate peaks of 120 kg N·hm^-2 and 240 kg N·hm^-2 treatments was leached down to 140-160 cm in depth, through a 60-80 cm thick soil layer. Compared with the beginning of summer fallow, soil nitrate accumulation increment was mainly in 0-100 cm soil layer in 2013 due to deficit rainfall. While in 2014, a massive of soil nitrate of N applied treatments leached down to 100-200 cm due to high rainfall, especially under 240 kg·hm^-2 N applied treatment. 【Conclusion】 NO₃^--N accumulation content in 0-200 cm soil profile of Loess Plateau dryland after wheat harvest was high. Rainfall was the key factor affects NO₃^--N leaching; and high rainfall during summer fallow increased NO₃^--N leaching. When abundant rainfall occured during summer fallow in Changwu, there was high leaching risk; while in Yangling high leaching risk would occur under normal rainfall.

Key words: dryland')">

dryland, summer fallow, rainfall, N application, nitrate leaching, Loess Plateau

XIA MengJie, MA LeLe, SHI QianYun, CHEN ZhuJun, ZHOU JianBin. The Relationship of NO₃^--N Leaching and Rainfall Types During Summer Fallow in the Loess Plateau Dryland[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(8): 1537-1546.

”. Please open it by linking:https://www.chinaagrisci.com/EN/abstract/abstract20097.shtml" name="neirong"> dryland; summer fallow; rainfall; N application; nitrate leaching; Loess Plateau

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