夏玉米施用不同缓释化处理氮肥的效果及氮肥去向

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.08.010

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】 The effects of different slow-released nitrogen (N) fertilizer on yield, N fate and N balance of summer maize were studied for providing a theoretical basis in improving N use efficiency and reducing the environmental impact. 【Method】A field in-situ experiment of two years was conducted in a sandy soil in North China Plain and maize variety “Zhengdan958” was used as materials. There were six N fertilizer treatments, including no N fertilizer (CK), urea (CU), polymer-coated urea (CRF), release-controlled urea (LCU), polymer gel urea (CLP) and urea formaldehyde (UF). Plant and soil samples were collected at the maturing stage of maize, and then the contents of N in plant and soil inorganic N were determined. Thereafter, the N uptake, N use efficiency, soil inorganic N accumulation and N loss were calculated. 【Result】(1)The N fertilizer slow-release treatments could obviously improve the yield of summer maize and promote N absorption. Compared with the urea, the average yield under UF, CLP, CRF and LCU increased by 18.9%, 16.8%, 13.7% and 13.6%, respectively, and the average N agronomic efficiency increased by 6.5 kg·kg^-1, 4.8 kg·kg^-1, 4.0 kg·kg^-1 and 3.7 kg·kg^-1, respectively. (2)There was a significant difference in the soil 0-100 cm N fertilizer residues between different N fertilizer treatments. The average N recovery efficiency of UF, CLP, CRF, LCU and CU was 54.9%, 42.4%, 38.3%, 38.3% and 22.0%, respectively, and the N fertilizer residue in 0-100 cm soil profile of them accounted for 28.3%, 43.8%, 39.2%, 46.2% and 46.6% of the applied N rate, respectively. Compared with urea, the loss of N fertilizer of CLP, LCU, UF and CRF decreased by 47.6%, 43.1%, 40.8% and 26.7%, respectively. (3) When analyzing the field N balance of different N fertilizer treatments comprehensively, the average N uptake of UF was the highest (245.0 kg·hm^-2), followed by CLP which was 222.5 kg·hm^-2. The average soil 0-100 cm N residues of UF was the lowest among the slow-released N fertilizers which was only 153.4 kg·hm^-2, and the average soil 0-100 cm N residues of CRF, CLP and LCU was 173.1 kg·hm^-2, 181.5 kg·hm^-2 and 185.7 kg·hm^-2, respectively. The average N apparent loss of CLP was the lowest (35.6 kg·hm^-2) and that of LCU, UF and CRF was 38.8 kg·hm^-2, 41.2 kg·hm^-2 and 51.3 kg·hm^-2, respectively. 【Conclusion】The N fertilizer slow-release treatments could significantly improve the uptake of N in summer maize and reduce the loss of N in the north of North China Plain, and urea formaldehyde and polymer gel urea performed better for the high efficiency and less N loss.

Key words: summer maize, nitrogen fertilizer, slow-release treatments, nitrogen fate, nitrogen balance

ZHOU LiPing, YANG LiPing, BAI YouLu, LU YanLi, WANG Lei. Effects of Different Slow-Released Nitrogen Fertilizers on Summer Maize and Nitrogen Fate in the Field[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(8): 1527-1536.

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