雨强和地下孔（裂）隙度对喀斯特坡耕地养分流失的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.01.010

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The ways and laws of soil nutrient loss and surface loss in slope farmland in karst area under different rainfall intensities and underground holes (fissures) were studied in order to provide a theoretical basis for the control of soil nutrient loss and agricultural non-point source pollution control in karst slope farmland. 【Method】 Taking the slope farmland with a slope of 15° in the karst area as the research object, the surface morphology and underground pore (fissures) characteristics of karst slope farmland were simulated under different rain intensities (30, 50, 70, and 90 mm·h^-1) and underground pore (fissures) gap degrees (1%, 3%, and 5%), with a total of 36 rainfalls in the cross-test, in order to explore the characteristics of surface and underground nutrient loss. 【Result】 (1)Rain intensity had a significant effect on runoff and sediment production on slope farmland in karst area (P<0.05). Surface and underground runoff and sediment production increased with the increase of rain intensity, and its critical rain intensity might be between 30 and 50 mm·h^-1, when the runoff and sediment production were from the underground to the ground; with the increase of the underground pore (fissures) gap, the amount of underground runoff and sand production increased, and the surface was in the opposite pattern. (2)The loss of runoff nutrients in karst slope farmland was mainly through the surface form, which was through the form of underground pores (fissures) under the light rain intensity; the loss and modulus of TN, TP and TK in runoff increased with the increase of rain intensity, and the effect of rain intensity on the nutrient loss concentration of each runoff was not obvious. In addition, the amount of nutrient loss and the loss modulus of the ground surface decreased with the increase of the underground pore (fissures) gap, and vice versa and the increase of underground pore (fissures) gap made the proportion of underground runoff nutrient loss gradually increase. (3)Nutrients would be lost through the form of attachment to the sediment, of which the surface sediment was mainly lost. The average loss concentration, loss amount and loss modulus of each sediment nutrient on the surface and underground increased with the increase of rainfall intensity, and the average concentration and loss amount of TK loss were significantly higher than TN and TP under different rainfall intensities. Under the same rain intensity, the average loss concentration, loss amount and loss modulus of surface nutrients showed a decreasing trend with the increase of pore (fissures) porosity, and the opposite was underground, but the loss amount was mainly from the surface to the surface and underground. Both were equally important. (4)Correlation analysis showed that rainfall intensity had a significant positive correlation with runoff and sediment loss. The impact of rain intensity on nutrient runoff was higher than sediment, and surface runoff was most affected by rain intensity. The effect of underground pore (fissures) gap on the loss of sediment nutrients was higher than that of runoff. Among the sediment nutrients, the loss of underground sediment nutrients was greatly affected by it. 【Conclusion】The surface was the main form of nutrient loss in karst slope farmland, and the effect of underground pores (fissures) on nutrient loss could not be ignored. In the prevention and control of nutrient loss on slope farmland, the surface could slow down the runoff and sediment yield of slope farmland by increasing vegetation coverage and adding litter, etc. The underground soil was fixed by the roots of the vegetation, thus reducing the leakage of nutrients to the underground through the fissure, thereby reducing the soil nutrient loss of the slope farmland.

Key words: nutrient loss, rainfall intensity, underground fissure porosity, runoff, sediment, karst slope farmland

YAO YiWen,DAI QuanHou,GAN YiXian,GAO RuXue,YAN YouJin,WANG YuHong. Effects of Rainfall Intensity and Underground Hole (Fracture) Gap on Nutrient Loss in Karst Sloping Farmland[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(1): 140-151.

0
/ / Recommend

Add to citation manager EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

URL: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/EN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.01.010

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/EN/Y2021/V54/I1/140

Figures/Tables 9

Table 1

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

Table 7

References 36

[1]	CHEN P, LIAN Y. Modeling of soil loss and its impact factors in the Guijiang Karst river basin in Southern China. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2016,75(4):352. doi: 10.1007/s12665-016-5288-z
[2]	EVANS J E, LEVINE N S, ROBERTS S J. Assessment using GIS and sediment routing of the proposed removal of ballville dam, sandusky river, ohio. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 2002,38(6):1549-1565.
[3]	何晓玲, 郑子成, 李廷轩. 不同耕作方式对紫色土侵蚀及磷素流失的影响. 中国农业科学, 2013,46(12):2492-2500.
	HE X L, ZHENG Z C, LI T X. Effects of tillage practices on soil erosion and phosphorus loss in sloping cropland of purple soil. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2013,46(12):2492-2500. (in Chinese)
[4]	YANG L X, YANG G S, LI H P, YUAN S F. Effects of rainfall intensities on sediment loss and phosphorus enrichment ratio from typical land use type in Taihu Basin, China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2020,27:12866-12937. doi: 10.1007/s11356-018-04067-0 pmid: 30778937
[5]	YANG P, TANG Y Q, ZHOU N Q, WANG J X, YU T, ZHANG X. Characteristics of red clay creep in karst caves and loss leakage of soil in the karst rocky desertification area of Puding County, Guizhou, China. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2011,63(3):543-549.
[6]	COOKSON W R, ROWARTH J S, CAMERON K C. The effect of autumn applied ¹⁵N-labelled fertilizer on nitrate leaching in a cultivated soil during winter . Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2000,56:99-107.
[7]	FLYNN R M, SINREICH M. Characteristics of virus transport and attenuation in epikarst using short pulse and prolonged injection multi-tracer testing. Water Research, 2010,44(4):1138-1149. pmid: 20018336
[8]	KOGOVSEK J, PETRIC M. Solute transport processes in a karst vadose zone characterized by long-term tracer tests (the cave system of Postojnska Jama, Slovenia). Journal of Hydrology, 2014,519:1205-1213.
[9]	秦华, 李晔, 李波, 赵建博. 人工模拟降雨条件下石灰土养分流失规律. 水土保持学报, 2016,30(1):1-4, 53.
	QI H, LI Y, LI B, ZHAO J B. Nutrient loss of limestone soil under artificial simulated rainfall. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2016,30(1):1-4, 53. (in Chinese)
[10]	冯小杰, 郑子成, 李廷轩, 范丽. 暴雨条件下紫色土区玉米季坡耕地氮素流失特征. 中国农业科学, 2018,51(4):738-749.
	FENG J, ZHENG Z C, LI T X, FAN L. Characteristics of nitrogen loss in sloping cropland of purple soil during maize growth stage under rainstorm. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018,51(4):738-749. (in Chinese)
[11]	郑子成, 何淑勤, 尹忠, 何晓玲. 不同坡度下玉米季坡耕地地表径流中磷素流失特征. 水土保持学报, 2013,27(5):109-114.
	ZHENG Z C, HE S Q, YI Z, HE X L. Phosphorus loss of surface runoff in sloping cropland at different slopes during maize growing season. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2013,27(5):109-114. (in Chinese)
[12]	王全九, 王辉 . 黄土坡面土壤溶质随径流迁移有效混合深度模型特征分析. 水利学报, 2010,41(6):671-676.
	WANG Q J, WANG H. Analysis on the feature of effective mixing depth model for soil solute transporting with surface runoff on loess slope. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2010,41(6):671-676. (in Chinese)
[13]	吴士章, 朱文孝, 苏维词, 李坡, 周庆珍. 喀斯特地区土壤侵蚀及养分流失定位试验研究——以贵阳市修文县久长镇为例. 中国岩溶, 2005(3):36-39.
	WU S Z, ZHU W X, SU W C, LI P, ZHOU Q Z. Experiment on soil erosion and nutrient loss in karst area - A case in Jiuchang Town, Xiuwen, Guiyang. Carsologica Sinica, 2005(3):36-39. (in Chinese)
[14]	YAN Y, DAI Q, JIN L, XIANG W. Geometric morphology and soil properties of shallow karst fissures in an area of karst rocky desertification in SW China. Catena, 2019,174:48-58.
[15]	周德全, 王世杰, 刘秀明. 石灰土(碳酸盐岩风化壳)形成地球化学过程研究. 地球与环境, 2005(2):31-38.
	ZHOU D Q, WANG S J, LIU X M. Study on geochemical processes in limestone soil profiles. Earth and Environment, 2005(2):31-38. (in Chinese)
[16]	王劲松. 贵阳市花溪喀斯特地区生态与可持续发展规划研究[D]. 天津: 天津大学, 2007.
	WANG J S. Ecological and sustainable development planning of Huaxi karst area in Guiyang City[D]. Tianjin: Tianjin University, 2007. (in Chinese)
[17]	戴全厚, 喻理飞, 杨智, 王佩将. 一种用于研究坡面径流和地下孔裂隙流的模拟试验装置: 中国, CN201010545602.7. 2011-03-23.
	DAI Q H, YU L F, YANG Z, WANG P J. Simulation test device for studying slope runoff and underground hole fissure flow. China, CN201010545602. 7. 2011-03-23 (in Chinese)
[18]	严友进, 戴全厚, 伏文兵, 彭旭东, 靳丽. 喀斯特裸坡产流产沙过程试验研究. 生态学报, 2017,37(6):2067-2079.
	YAN Y J, DAI Q H, FU W B, PENG X D, JIN L. Runoff and sediment production processes on a Karst bare slope. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2017,37(6):2067-2079. (in Chinese)
[19]	李昌兰, 戴全厚, 彭旭东, 袁应飞. 喀斯特坡耕地浅层地下孔(裂)隙发育过程中径流产污特征. 环境科学学报, 2016,36(12):4437-4445.
	LI C L, DAI Q H, PENG X D, YUAN Y F. Characteristics of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium losses in underground runoff of Karst slope farmlands during the developing process of shallow Karst fissure. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2016,36(12):4437-4445. (in Chinese)
[20]	张文源, 王百田, 杨光檄, 张科利. 喀斯特黄壤区侵蚀性降雨及产沙特征分析. 生态环境学报, 2014,23(11):1776-1782.
	ZHANG W Y, WANG B T, YANG G X, ZHANG K L. Erosive rainfall and characteristics analysis of sediment yield on yellow soil area in Karst Mountainous. Ecology and Environment Sciences, 2014,23(11):1776-1782. (in Chinese)
[21]	GÓMEZ J A, NEARING M A. Runoff and sediment losses from rough and smooth soil surfaces in a laboratory experiment. Catena, 2005,59(3):253-266.
[22]	国家环境保护总局. 水和废水监测分析方法. 北京: 中国环境科学出版社, 2002.
	State Environmental Protection Administration. Water and Wastewater Monitoring and Analysis Methods. Beijing: China Environmental Science Press, 2002. (in Chinese)
[23]	YAKUTINA O P, NECHAEVA T V, SMIRNOVA N V. Consequences of snowmelt erosion: Soil fertility, productivity and quality of wheat on greyzemic phaeozem in the south of west Siberia. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2015,200:88-93.
[24]	ANGULOMARTÍNEZ M, BARROS A P. Measurement uncertainty in rainfall kinetic energy and intensity relationships for soil erosion studies: An evaluation using PARSIVEL disdrometers in the Southern Appalachian Mountains. Geomorphology, 2015,228(1):28-40.
[25]	JANJA KOGOVSEK, METKA PETRIC. Solute transport processes in a karst vadose zone characterized by long-term tracer tests (the cave system of Postojnska Jama, Slovenia). Journal of Hydrology, 2014,519:1205-1213.
[26]	杨智, 戴全厚, 黄启鸿, 吴学强. 典型喀斯特坡面产流过程试验研究. 水土保持学报, 2010,24(4):78-81.
	YANG Z, DAI Q H, HUANG Q H, WU X Q. Experimental study of runoff processes on typical Karst slope. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2010,24(4):78-81. (in Chinese)
[27]	张志才, 陈喜, 程勤波, 彭韬, 张艳芳, 纪忠华. 喀斯特山体表层岩溶带水文地质特征分析——以陈旗小流域为例. 地球与环境, 2011,39(1):19-25.
	ZHANG Z C, CHEN X, CHENG Q B, PENG T, ZHANG Y F, JI Z H. Hydrogeology of epikarst in Karst Mountains-A case study of the Chenqi catchment. Earth and Environment, 2011,39(1):19-25. (in Chinese)
[28]	肖继兵, 孙占祥, 蒋春光, 郑家明, 刘洋, 杨宁, 冯良山, 白伟. 辽西地区坡耕地垄膜沟种对土壤侵蚀和作物产量的影响. 中国农业科学, 2016,49(20):3904-3917.
	XIAO J B, SUN Z X, JIANG C G, ZHENG J M, LIU Y, YANG N, FENG L S, BAI W. Effect of technique of ridge film mulching and furrow seeding on soil erosion and crop yield on sloping farmland in Western Liaoning. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016,49(20):3904-3917. (in Chinese)
[29]	张信宝, 王世杰. 浅议喀斯特流域土壤地下漏失的界定. 中国岩溶, 2016,35(5):602-603.
	ZHANG X B, WANG S J. A discussion on the definition of soil leaking in a karst catchment. Carsologica Sinica, 2016,35(5):602-603. (in Chinese)
[30]	RAMOS M C, MARTINEZ-CASASNOVAS J A. Nutrient losses by runoff in vineyards of the Mediterranean Alt Penedès region (NE Spain). Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 2006,113(1):356-363.
[31]	PENG X, DAI Q, LL C, ZHAO L. Role of underground fissure flow in near-surface rainfall-runoff process on a rock mantled slope in the karst rocky desertification area. Engineering Geology, 2018,243:10-17. doi: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2018.06.007
[32]	张信宝, 王世杰, 贺秀斌, 汪阳春, 何永彬. 碳酸盐岩风化壳中的土壤蠕滑与岩溶坡地的土壤地下漏失. 地球与环境, 2007,35(3):202-206.
	ZHANG X B, WANG S J, HE X B, WANG Y C, HE Y B. Soil creeping in weathering crusts of carbonate rocks and underground soil losses on karst slopes. Earth and Environment, 2007,35(3):202-206. (in Chinese)
[33]	王双, 叶良惠, 郑子成, 李廷轩. 玉米成熟期黄壤坡耕地径流及其氮素流失特征研究. 水土保持学报, 2018,32(6):28-33.
	WANG S, YE L H, ZHENG Z C, LI T X. Characteristics of runoff and nitrogen losses in yellow soil sloping cropland at mature stage of maize. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2018,32(6):28-33. (in Chinese)
[34]	陈玲, 刘德富, 宋林旭, 崔玉洁, 张革. 不同雨强下黄棕壤坡耕地径流养分输出机制研究. 环境科学, 2013,34(6):2151-2158.
	CHEN L, LIU D F, SONG L X, CUI Y J, ZHANG G. Characteristics of nutrient loss by runoff in sloping arable land of yellow-brown under different rainfall intensities. Environmental Science, 2013,34(6):2151-2158. (in Chinese)
[35]	GARCÍA-DÍAZ A, BIENES R, SASTRE B, NOVARA A, GRISTINA L, CERDÀ A. Nitrogen losses in vineyards under different types of soil groundcover. A field runoff simulator approach in central Spain. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 2017,236:256-267.
[36]	LI, ZHAOXIA LIU, YAOJUN DAI, CUITING ZHOU, YIWENWANG, TIANWEI. Exploring optimal measures to reduce soil erosion and nutrient losses in southern China. Agricultural Water Management, 2018,210:41-48. doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2018.07.032

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed

Comments

Recommended 0

No Suggested Reading articles found!

颗粒组成Particle composition (%)			养分Nutrient
砂粒 Sand (0.02-2 mm)	粉粒 Silt (0.002-0.02 mm)	黏粒 Clay (<0.002 mm)	全氮TN (g·kg^-1)	全磷TP (g·kg^-1)	全钾TK (g·kg^-1)
37.34	47.53	15.00	1.72±0.11	1.69±0.10	8.47±0.06

指标 Index	孔(裂)隙度 Fissure porosity (%)	地表Surface				地下Underground
指标 Index	孔(裂)隙度 Fissure porosity (%)	30 mm·h^-1	50 mm·h^-1	70 mm·h^-1	90 mm·h^-1	30 mm·h^-1	50 mm·h^-1	70 mm·h^-1	90 mm·h^-1
产流量Runoff yield	1	0	59.15±3.57Ac	88.35±4.42Ab	111.24±5.56Aa	27.78±1.67Cd	36.63±1.83Bc	49.26±2.46Bb	56.06±3.38Ba
	3	0	58.74±3.54Ac	69.18±3.46Bb	84.59±4.23Ba	34.55±2.08Bd	41.15±2.06Bc	47.66±2.38Bb	62.46±3.77Ba
	5	0	26.23±1.58Bc	46.76±2.34Cb	52.76±2.64Ca	53.62±3.32Ad	65.52±3.28Ac	104.49±5.22Ab	135.21±6.76Aa
产沙量Sediment yield	1	0	32.84±1.98Ab	47.31±2.37Aa	48.93±2.45Aa	4.84±0.29Bd	6.31±0.32Bc	7.82±0.39Ba	7.08±0.43Cb
	3	0	16.56±1.00Bc	24.22±1.21Bb	41.61±2.08Ba	5.02±0.30Bd	6.85±0.34Bc	8.45±0.42Bb	11.73±0.71Ba
	5	0	7.77±0.47Cc	17.14±0.86Cb	28.21±1.41Ca	7.39±0.45Ad	11.90±0.59Ac	20.19±1.01Ab	34.89±2.10Aa

养分 Nutrient	降雨强度 Rainfall intensity (mm·h^-1)	地表径流Surface runoff			地下径流Underground runoff			地下流失比 Underground loss ratio (%)
养分 Nutrient	降雨强度 Rainfall intensity (mm·h^-1)	平均流失浓度 Average loss concentration (mg·L^-1)	流失量 Total loss (mg)	养分流失模数 Nutrient loss modulus (mg·m^-2·h^-1)	平均流失浓度 Average loss concentration (mg·L^-1)	流失量 Total loss (mg)	养分流失模数 Nutrient loss modulus (mg·m^-2·h^-1)	地下流失比 Underground loss ratio (%)
全氮 TN	30	0	0	0	2.00	55.98c	19.32	100.00
	50	2.76	160.44c	55.37	1.98	71.84b	24.79	30.93
	70	2.51	219.18b	75.64	2.01	92.23a	31.83	29.62
	90	2.51	276.06a	95.27	1.69	97.24a	33.56	26.05
全磷 TP	30	0	0	0	0.11	2.56c	0.88	100.00
	50	0.39	14.90b	5.14	0.21	7.88b	2.72	34.59
	70	0.20	23.30a	8.04	0.19	9.03a	3.12	27.93
	90	0.23	23.75a	8.20	0.14	7.46b	2.57	23.90
全钾 TK	30	0	0	0	0.22	5.28d	1.82	100.00
	50	0.44	26.12c	9.01	0.21	7.19c	2.48	21.59
	70	0.43	35.59b	12.28	0.23	11.47b	3.96	24.37
	90	0.41	47.58a	16.42	0.23	12.99a	4.48	21.45

养分 Nutrient	孔(裂)隙度 Fissure porosity (%)	地表径流Surface runoff			地下径流Underground runoff			地下流失比 Underground loss ratio (%)
养分 Nutrient	孔(裂)隙度 Fissure porosity (%)	平均流失浓度 Average loss concentration (mg·L^-1)	流失量 Total loss (mg)	养分流失模数 Nutrient loss modulus (mg·m^-2·h^-1)	平均流失浓度 Average loss concentration (mg·L^-1)	流失量 Total loss (mg)	养分流失模数 Nutrient loss modulus (mg·m^-2·h^-1)	地下流失比 Underground loss ratio (%)
全氮 TN	1	2.51b	276.06a	95.27	1.69	92.23c	31.83	25.04
	3	3.18a	272.52a	94.05	2.55	157.82b	54.46	36.67
	5	2.47c	129.51b	44.69	2.18	293.77a	101.38	69.40
全磷 TP	1	0.23a	23.75a	8.20	0.14	7.46c	2.57	23.90
	3	0.24a	20.76a	7.16	0.19	11.50b	3.97	35.64
	5	0.19b	9.91b	3.42	0.25	32.11a	11.08	76.42
全钾 TK	1	0.43c	47.58a	16.42	0.23	12.99c	4.48	21.44
	3	0.58b	45.69a	15.77	0.34	20.97b	7.24	31.46
	5	0.63a	32.86b	11.34	0.37	48.84a	16.85	59.78

养分 Nutrient	降雨强度 Rainfall intensity (mm·h^-1)	地表泥沙Surface sediment			地下泥沙Underground sediment			地下流失比 Underground loss ratio (%)
养分 Nutrient	降雨强度 Rainfall intensity (mm·h^-1)	平均流失浓度 Average loss concentration (mg·L^-1)	流失量 Total loss (mg)	养分流失模数 Nutrient loss modulus (mg·m^-2·h^-1)	平均流失浓度 Average loss concentration (mg·L^-1)	流失量 Total loss (mg)	养分流失模数 Nutrient loss modulus (mg·m^-2·h^-1)	地下流失比 Underground loss ratio (%)
全氮 TN	30	0.00	0.00	0.00	1.21c	0.59c	0.20	100.00
	50	1.26c	4.12b	1.42	1.41b	0.90b	0.31	17.85
	70	1.48b	7.46a	2.58	1.42b	1.10b	0.38	12.83
	90	1.66a	7.48a	2.58	1.72a	1.22a	0.42	14.05
全磷 TP	30	0.00	0.00	0.00	1.83a	0.89b	0.31	100.00
	50	1.59b	5.38c	1.86	1.64b	1.05a	0.36	16.32
	70	1.69ab	7.94b	2.74	1.63b	1.29a	0.45	13.97
	90	1.72a	8.37a	2.89	1.62b	1.16a	0.47	12.20
全钾 TK	30	0.00	0.00	0.00	8.04a	3.81d	1.32	100.00
	50	8.70c	28.62b	9.88	7.82a	4.87c	1.68	14.55
	70	9.13b	43.17a	14.90	8.11a	6.25a	2.16	12.65
	90	9.37a	45.34a	15.65	7.75a	5.38b	1.86	10.61

Effects of Rainfall Intensity and Underground Hole (Fracture) Gap on Nutrient Loss in Karst Sloping Farmland

RichHTML

PDF

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 9

References 36

Related Articles 13

Metrics

Comments

Recommended 0

养分 Nutrient	孔(裂)隙度 Fissure porosity (%)	地表泥沙Surface sediment			地下泥沙Underground sediment			地下流失比 Underground loss ratio (%)
养分 Nutrient	孔(裂)隙度 Fissure porosity (%)	平均流失浓度 Average loss concentration (mg·L^-1)	流失量 Total loss (mg)	养分流失模数 Nutrient loss modulus (mg·m^-2·h^-1)	平均流失浓度 Average loss concentration (mg·L^-1)	流失量 Total loss (mg)	养分流失模数 Nutrient loss modulus (mg·m^-2·h^-1)	地下流失比 Underground loss ratio (%)
全氮 TN	1	1.53a	7.48a	2.58	1.76a	1.22b	0.42	14.03
	3	1.16b	4.82b	1.66	1.44b	1.65b	0.57	25.49
	5	1.47a	3.96c	1.37	0.85c	2.92a	1.01	42.42
全磷 TP	1	1.68b	8.37a	2.89	1.67b	1.16c	0.40	12.17
	3	2.04a	8.31a	2.86	1.75ab	2.02b	0.70	19.58
	5	1.74b	4.97b	1.71	1.78a	6.10a	2.11	55.12
全钾 TK	1	9.18a	45.34a	15.65	7.72a	5.38c	1.86	10.61
	3	8.70b	36.21b	12.50	7.37a	8.50b	2.93	19.01
	5	9.07a	25.34c	8.75	7.58a	26.02a	8.98	50.66

类型 Type	因子 Factor	径流Runoff			泥沙Sediment
类型 Type	因子 Factor	TN	TP	TK	TN	TP	TK
地表 Surface	降雨强度 Rainfall intensity	0.921**	0.942**	0.928**	0.790**	0.687*	0.734*
地表 Surface	孔(裂)隙度 Fissure porosity (%)	-0.696*	-0.632*	-0.316	0.734*	0.690*	0.700*
地下Underground	降雨强度 Rainfall intensity	0.905**	0.795**	0.881**	0.722*	0.666*	0.677*
地下Underground	孔(裂)隙度 Fissure porosity (%)	-0.781*	-0.804**	-0.809**	0.833**	0.806**	0.844**

[1]	JIN YuTing,LIU YunFeng,HU HongXiang,MU Jing,GAO MengYao,LI XianFan,XUE ZhongJun,GONG JingJing. Effects of Continuous Straw Returning with Chemical Fertilizer on Annual Runoff Loss of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Rice-Rape Rotation [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(9): 1937-1951.
[2]	LI Na,SUN ZhanXiang,ZHANG YanQing,LIU EnKe,LI FengMing,LI ChunQian,LI Fei. Contribution of Carbon Sources in Sedimentary Soils Combining Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope with Stable Isotope Model [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(14): 3057-3064.
[3]	OU HuiPing,ZHOU LiuQiang,HUANG JinSheng,XIE RuLin,ZHU XiaoHui,PENG JiaYu,ZENG Yan,MO ZongBiao,TAN HongWei,YE ShengQin. Change of Phosphorus in Lateritic Red Soil and Its Effect on Sugarcane Yield and Phosphorus Loss in Runoff Under 11-Year Continuous Application of Excessive Phosphorus Fertilizer [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(22): 4623-4633.
[4]	FENG XiaoJie, ZHENG ZiCheng, LI TingXuan, FAN Li. Characteristics of Nitrogen Loss in Sloping Cropland of Purple Soil During Maize Growth Stage Under Rainstorm [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(4): 738-749.
[5]	HuiPing OU, LiuQiang ZHOU, JinSheng HUANG, Yan ZENG, XiaoHui ZHU, RuLin XIE, HongWei TAN, BiYan HUANG. Effects of Long-Term Different Fertilization on Sugarcane Yield Stability, Fertilizer Contribution Rate and Nutrition Loss [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(10): 1931-1939.
[6]	LIANG Xin-lan, ZHAO Long-shan, WU Jia, WU Fa-qi. Effects of Different Tillage Treatments and Rainfall Intensities on Soil Surface Roughness Under Simulated Condition [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(24): 4840-4849.
[7]	YAN Jian-mei, HE Bing-hui, TIAN Tai-qiang. Effects of Combined Foliar Zn Application with N or P Under Different Water and Nitrogen Managements on Zn Nutritional Quality of Winter Wheat [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(20): 4027-4035.
[8]	QI Lin-Juan, HU Xue-Xu, ZHOU Gui-Ying, WANG Shuang, LI Jing-Mei, LU Wei, WU Li-Na, LU Mei-Bin, SUN Li-Juan, YANG Xiu-Lan, SONG Jing-Ke, WANG Bu-Jun. Analysis of Wheat Protein Quality in Main Wheat Producing Areas of China from 2004 to 2011 [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2012, 45(20): 4242-4251.
[9]	LIN Chao-wen, LUO Chun-yan, PANG Liang-yu, HUANG Jing-jing, TU Shi-hua. Effect of Different Fertilization Methods and Rain Intensities on Soil Nutrient Loss from a Purple Soil [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2011, 44(9): 1847-1854.
[10]	LIN Dai-jie; ZHENG Zi-cheng;; ZHANG Xi-zhou; LI Ting-xuan; WANG Yong-dong . Study on the Effect of Maize Plants on Rainfall Redistribution Processes [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2011, 44(12): 2608-2615 .
[11]	. Release and Transport Characters of Soil Solutes on Loess Slope in Interval Rain Events [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2009, 42(4): 1299-1305 .
[12]	. Effects of Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer on Surface Water N Dynamics and its Losses from Runoff [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2006, 39(12): 2521-2530 .
[13]	,,,,,. Soil Phosphorus Release to the Water Bodies in the Upland Fields of Yellow Soil Areas and the Influencing Factors [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2006, 39(01): 118-124 .