秸秆还田配施氮肥对稻田土壤活性碳氮动态变化的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.04.010

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】Soil microbial biomass carbon & nitrogen (N) (SMBC & SMBN) and water soluble organic carbon & nitrogen (DOC & DON) are the active pools in soil, which are essential indexes for assessing soil carbon and nitrogen turnover and nutrient availability for providing scientific information and guidelines and nitrogen management under straw returning in rice-wheat rotation system. The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of straw incorporation, nitrogen application rate and basal/topdressing ratios of nitrogen fertilizers on the SMBC, SMBN, DOC, DON, ROC and AN at paddy field, so as to explicit the optimal nitrogen rate and basal/topdressing ratios of nitrogen fertilizers under the straw incorporation condition. 【Method】A 4-year field experiment with straw incorporation matched with nitrogen fertilizer was conducted in rice cropping system from 2012 to 2015 in Jingmen city, Hubei Province. Three field experiments including different nitrogen application, straw incorporation combined with nitrogen fertilization and different ratios of base N to dressing N. Field experiments included: (1) different nitrogen rates, including No N fertilizer (N0), Optimal N fertilizer (165 kg N·hm ^-2, N165), the farmer common N rate (195 kg N·hm ^-2, N195); (2) different straw incorporation combined with nitrogen fertilization: straw removal (CK), straw incorporation (wheat straw incorporation before rice transplanting, S), straw incorporation matched with farmer common N rate (SN), straw incorporation matched with optimal N rate (SF), SF plus straw decomposing microbial inoculants (SM); (3) three basal/topdressing ratios of nitrogen fertilizers in the shooting and heading stage: 7﹕3﹕0 (R1), 5﹕3﹕2 (R2); 10﹕0﹕0 (R3). 【Result】The results showed that the SMBC content significantly increased at rice jointing stage and the DOC content obviously decreased after the maturity under the SN treatment. The DON content increased under the SF treatment at rice jointing stage. DON and ROC contents decreased under the SM treatments at the maturity and jointing stage. The AN content increased in the SF treatment at rice heading and grain filling stage. Appropriate N application rate (165 kg N·hm ^-2) was favorable to increasing the DON and AN in soil. However, the DON and AN contents decreased under high application rate of N fertilizer (195 kg N·hm ^-2). The higher proportion of topdressing fertilizer increased the SMBN and ROC contents at rice jointing stage, but had no impacts on the SMBC and DOC contents. 【Conclusion】Nitrogen rate and basal/topdressing ratios were main factor for determining active soil carbon and nitrogen contents under straw incorporation in Paddy field. Appropriate nitrogen fertilizer could increase SMBC, AN, and DON contents, and the higher topdressing fertilizer could also increase active soil carbon and nitrogen contents during rice growth stage.

Key words: paddy field, straw incorporation, nitrogen application rate, basal/topdressing ratios of nitrogen fertilizers, soil microbial biomass carbon/nitrogen (SMBC/SMBN), water soluble organic carbon/nitrogen (DOC/DON)

ShiChao WANG,ZhiHao YAN,JinYu WANG,ShengChang HUAI,HongLiang WU,TingTing XING,HongLing YE,ChangAi LU. Nitrogen Fertilizer and Its Combination with Straw Affect Soil Labile Carbon and Nitrogen Fractions in Paddy Fields[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(4): 782-794.

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References 35

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试验 Experiment	处理 Treatment	基肥 Basal fertilizers（kg·hm^-2）					追肥 Top-dressed nitrogen (kg·hm^-2)
试验 Experiment	处理 Treatment	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	秸秆 Straw	菌剂 Microbial inoculants	追肥 Top-dressed nitrogen (kg·hm^-2)
秸秆配施氮肥 Straw incorporation combined with nitrogen fertilization	小麦秸秆移除 Wheat straw removal (CK)	195	60	90	0	0	0
	小麦秸秆全量还田 Wheat straw incorporation (S)	0	60	90	4500	0	0
	全量秸秆+习惯施氮量 Straw incorporation matched with farmer common N rate (SN)	136.5	60	90	4500	0	58.5
	全量秸秆+推荐施氮量 Straw incorporation matched with optimal N rate (SF)	115.5	60	90	4500	0	49.5
	全量秸秆+推荐施氮量+腐熟菌剂 SF plus straw decomposing microbial inoculants (SM)	115.5	60	90	4500	30	49.5
氮肥用量 Nitrogen rate	不施氮肥 No nitrogen fertilizer (N0)	0	60	90	4500	0	0
	总施氮量为165 kg·hm^-2Optimal nitrogen fertilizer (N165)	115.5	60	90	4500	0	49.5
	总施氮量为195 kg·hm^-2 Farmer common nitrogen rate (N195)	136.5	60	90	4500	0	58.5
氮肥基追比 Basal/topdressing ratio of nitrogen fertilizer	小麦秸秆全量还田,基施：拔节期：抽穗期氮肥施用比例为7﹕3﹕0 Basal/topdressing ratios of nitrogen fertilizers in the shooting and heading stage: 7﹕3﹕0 (R1)	115.5	60	90	4500	0	49.5
	小麦秸秆全量还田,基施：拔节期：抽穗期氮肥施用比例为5﹕3﹕2 R2 Basal/topdressing ratios of nitrogen fertilizers in the shooting and heading stage: 5﹕3﹕2 (R2)	82.5	60	90	4500	0	82.5
	小麦秸秆全量还田,基施：拔节期：抽穗期氮肥施用比例为10﹕0﹕0 R3 Basal/topdressing ratios of nitrogen fertilizers in the shooting and heading stage: 10﹕0﹕0 (R3)	165	60	90	4500	0	0

测定项目 Index	处理 Treatment	采样时期 Growth stage						平均值 Average
测定项目 Index	处理 Treatment	返青期 Regreening	拔节期 Shooting	分蘖期 Tillering	抽穗期 Heading	灌浆期 Grain-filling	成熟期 Maturity	平均值 Average
SMBC	CK	1314.1±479.0a	203.2±83.2b	1833.9±763.1a	3186.3±510.3a	1840.8±1185.5a	2349.8±1082.2a	1788.0a
	S	1871.7±332.6a	674.3±492.9ab	997.1±577.4a	2252.5±1539.7a	3290.9±1248.4a	815.2±771.7a	1650.3a
	SN	1170.0±667.2a	1217.6±900.8a	1310.6±492.0a	1245.4±551.5a	2905.6±1590.9a	1580.6±1686.9a	1571.6a
	SF	1414.0±505.7a	965.8±518.9ab	1926.6±1885.6a	1585.5±1690.7a	1833.5±1017.4a	2278.2±2227.5a	1667.3a
	SM	1947.4±526.4a	604.8±588.6ab	1213.7±782.2a	1602.3±530.0a	2384.8±749.0a	1455.0±934.2a	1534.7a
	平均值 Average	1543.4B	733.1C	1456.4BC	1974.4AB	2451.1A	1695.8AB
SMBN	CK	35.0±3.1a	14.1±6.1a	22.5±3.7a	36.4±30.6a	23.0±1.6a	29.2±19.6a	26.7a
	S	25.5±2.8a	37.0±33.7a	20.6±11.3a	39.9±6.0a	17.2±8.1a	13.1±8.1a	25.6a
	SN	26.9±9.5a	12.4±3.3a	12.5±5.8a	16.5±10.9a	20.7±12.1a	16.8±7.4a	17.6a
	SF	37.2±19.9a	44.6±22.7a	16.2±10.3a	23.3±22.6a	22.1±6.9a	18.0±9.5a	26.9a
	SM	35.0±3.1a	28.2±14.1a	30.9±25.1a	30.2±16.8a	25.8±15.9a	22.0±16.0a	28.7a
	平均值 Average	31.9A	27.2A	20.5A	29.3A	21.8A	19.8A

测定项目 Index	处理 Treatment	采样时期 Growth stage						平均值 Average
测定项目 Index	处理 Treatment	返青期 Regreening	拔节期 Shooting	分蘖期 Tillering	抽穗期 Heading	灌浆期 Grain-filling	成熟期 Maturity	平均值 Average
DOC	CK	592.0±141.6a	788.1±164.8a	956.3±116.6a	1156.6±355.6a	831.3±357.1a	843.8±268.0a	861.4a
	S	621.1±46.3a	567.7±98.1a	1628.0±274.3a	1035.4±741.5a	755.7±146.1a	541.6±324.9ab	858.2a
	SN	488.3±95.4a	702.8±109.8a	1183.7±264.6a	1193.7±489.7a	882.6±154.5a	541.1±352.6ab	832.0a
	SF	617.6±134.0a	766.7±233.2a	1055.6±255.5a	1086.9±381.9a	695.4±245.2a	690.7±235.2ab	818.8a
	SM	805.9±224.1a	518.9±484.2a	1081.8±163.4a	1367.1±265.4a	908.6±333.9a	308.4±48.7b	831.8a
	平均值Average	625.0B	668.8B	1181.1A	1168.0A	814.7B	585.1B
DON	CK	8.8±2.7a	9.7±4.3b	13.2±7.5a	13.0±1.0a	15.4±3.3a	12.9±2.3ab	12.1a
	S	10.5±4.7a	10.3±3.0ab	17.3±5.2a	14.8±3.8a	13.9±2.5a	10.5±2.4b	12.9a
	SN	11.3±4.9a	13.7±6.4ab	17.1±2.2a	16.2±1.8a	15.5±2.2a	10.1±3.5ab	14.0a
	SF	16.0±12.3a	16.1±2.0a	14.2±2.2a	12.6±3.7a	13.6±2.5a	8.7±2.3b	13.5a
	SM	17.5±1.7a	11.8±1.8ab	13.2±2.9a	14.3±1.9a	18.8±2.8a	7.7±1.5a	13.9a
	平均值Average	12.9AB	12.3AB	15.0A	14.2A	15.4A	10.0B

测定项目 Index	处理 Treatment	采样时期 Growth stage						平均值 Average
测定项目 Index	处理 Treatment	返青期 Regreening	拔节期 Shooting	分蘖期 Tillering	抽穗期 Heading	灌浆期 Grain-filling	成熟期 Maturity	平均值 Average
ROC	CK	5.2±0.4a	4.6±0.1a	4.5±0.3a	5.0±0.3a	4.5±0.4a	4.0±0.2a	4.6a
	S	5.1±0.5a	4.5±0.4a	4.8±0.4a	5.1±0.6a	4.1±0.2a	4.1±0.2a	4.6a
	SN	5.0±0.3a	4.9±0.2a	4.7±0.2a	5.0±0.4a	4.4±0.4a	4.2±0.4a	4.7a
	SF	5.2±0.1a	4.6±0.2a	5.0±0.2a	5.5±0.4a	4.6±0.4a	4.3±0.3a	4.9a
	SM	5.5±0.4a	4.1±0.4b	5.0±0.4a	5.0±0.3a	4.5±0.3a	4.4±0.3a	4.7a
	平均值Average	5.2A	4.6BC	4.8B	5.1A	4.4CD	4.2D
AN	CK	8.2±2.9a	18.8±4.5a	11.3±3.5a	10.2±0.2c	5.0±2.3b	22.6±11.0a	12.7a
	S	20.0±11.8a	26.9±12.2a	10.4±2.1a	11.2±0.9bc	10.9±5.9ab	10.9±12.5a	15.0a
	SN	16.9±4.0a	29.9±19.2a	11.9±3.9a	14.3±2.4a	13.4±6.1ab	18.1±26.4a	17.4a
	SF	18.1±19.8a	32.6±17.2a	11.7±0.2a	12.8±2.0ab	15.1±3.1a	5.1±1.0a	15.9a
	SM	28.5±18.9a	27.2±14.4a	13.8±3.9a	11.7±0.9bc	13.4±7.1ab	31.1±30.5a	20.9a
	平均值Average	18.3B	27.0A	11.8B	12.0B	11.6B	17.6B

Nitrogen Fertilizer and Its Combination with Straw Affect Soil Labile Carbon and Nitrogen Fractions in Paddy Fields

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